rMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  M«IN  STRKT 

WEBSTIR.N.Y.  )4S6n 

(716)  372-4303 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


d 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


/\    Covers  damaged/ 

Couverture  endommag6e 


□ 

n 
n 

n 


n 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noin?) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli^  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

r~l/ Pages  discoloured,  staired  or  foxed/ 
Lkj    Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu6es 

□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthroughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  matdriel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


r~l(  Showthrough/ 

I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I      I    Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t^  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fapon  h 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


Th«  copy  film«d  h«r«  hat  b««n  r«produc«d  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


L'axamplaira  f ilmA  fut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
giniroaitA  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


Tha  im  agaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
possibia  conaidaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  Itaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  apacificationt. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
•ion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copiaa  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impraa- 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprassion. 


Tha  last  racordad  frame  on  aach  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUFD"),  or  the  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  imagaa  suivantaa  ont  At*  raproduitea  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tenu  de  las  condition  et 
de  la  nattat*  da  I'exemplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformit*  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 

Las  examplairaa  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  aont  filmte  Bn  commandant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  en  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darniire  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainte 
d'impraasion  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  caa.  Tous  lea  autras  axemplairas 
originaux  sont  filmAs  an  commandant  par  la 
premiere  paga  qui  comporta  una  ampreinte 
d'impraasion  ou  d'illustration  at  en  tbrminant  par 
la  darniire  paga  qui  comporta  una  telle 
emprein.a. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ".  le 
symbole  Y  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
film«s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  h  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

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2 

3 

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5 

6 

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THE 


GOLDEN  NORTHWEST; 


HlSTOHICAl.,    StaTISTUAL   and    J)KSt'l!n"riVH    AcroiNT 


^    -.w;.'-  ;    * 


y^"  •    v-K  ; 


We^M 


Northern  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,   Iowa, 
Dakota,  Montana  and  Manitoba. 


O-OLIDSIwailTHC     B.    -WTEST, 


-a:- 


>  5 


■  .  ■> 


^ilrofu«3Cli]  3llu9tratc&. 


CHICAGO: 

The  Rollins  Publishing  Company. 

1878. 


tr*5.  M     ftl 


V    if/**'/i 


>«r^ 


^^^  Civ 


INDEX. 


Aliroiiii.  lii       ... i)(\ 

Anit'iicaii  Iiisiinini'o  Co   ]  |i; 

\|ipl<'t(iii.   Wis 21 

Aiisliii,   Minn !il 

Hiinjjor.  Wis   ID 

Hi'fivor  l))irn.  Wis 17 

lifMiton  Jliiili'ir.  Midi ]  1 1 

HiiT  Horn  Cnniili'y    liij 

liisnifirclv.  Da  .    iiy 

lii.-lciv    Hills l)<) 

Hiainci'il.  Minn lui 

Ciilniar.  la Dl 

( 'iinaija  Soiilhcni  Kailway Ill 

CI.'arLak.",  la im; 

t'liicaifo,  III 10;! 

Cliicjiyo  S-  ^riciiiiifin  Lakf  Slinr.'  1{.  K.    los 
Chicfiijo,  Allon  A  St.  I.oiiis  Kailway.  .    11.") 

Cliicairii.  Itock  Island  A  Pacillc 11.') 

('ri'sco,  Fa. <)."> 

Dakota DC, 

Di'adwood.  Da Kil 

Dt'i'orali.  Fa Dl 

Dclalicld.  Wis ;i| 

Dells  (if  the  Wisconsin ;J7 

Detroit.  MiiMi DO 

J^iilnth.  Minn s!i 

Farilianit,  Minn    d1 

Fai'iro,  Da Ds 

Fond  dn  Tiac.  Wis.    .  \ 20 

Foil  Sncllinir,  Minn (Id 

Fo\  Lake.  Wis ;((; 

Frontcnac,  Minn (',2 

(iilTor-d.  Wis ;;i 

(Irand  Trnnk  KaiUvay 1 1| 

(Jfcat  Westei'n  Hallway Ill 

liartland,  AVis ;ji 

Hastinirs.  Minn n  | 

Hoosac  Tunnel  H<tnte ]  12 

Hoi'icon  Junction    17 

Iiitioductorv ;, 

Iowa,  Sketch  of  .     d;{ 

•lanosville.  Wis if) 

Kilbour'n  ("ily,  Wis 37 

La  Crosse,  WIh 40 

Lake  Minnelonka,  Minn 8.") 

Lake  Pepin r,7 


Lake  Shore  \  Miciiit-'an  Southern  Il'y.  .  1 1;{ 

Lakeside,  Wis   ;{] 

F.iine  Springs,  la !)") 

Madis'  II.  Wis 2() 

Manila  iia d(I 

Manitowoc.  Wis 22 

Mc(trefror,  la. <):> 

Mason    City,  In d."» 

ilaustdn.  A\'is 4(j 

Menasha.  Wis 2I 

Michiiiiui  CiMitral  llaihvay ll.'J 

Middleton,  Wis 27 

Milton,  Wis 2."> 

Milwauk<H>,  Wis ]  ] 

Minneapolis,  Minn 71 

Minnesota.  Sketch  of. r,.i 

Minnehaha  Falls.  Minn (j;) 

Monroe,  Wis 1,-, 

^Montana <)(; 

Moorliead,  Da <)8 

Nashotah.  Wis 31 

Neeiiali,  Wis 2I 

Nortlifield.  :\linn d2 

Oeonoinowoc.  Wis ,'J2 

Oshkosh.  Wis ]<) 

Portajjre  City,  Wis 3.-, 

I'rairie  dn  Cliien 2s 

Preface "'      ;{ 

lied  WiiiiT.  Minn c,2 

l\i|)on.  Wis Is 

Schlesinii-erville.  Wi.s K; 

Shelioyi>-an.  Wis 22 

Sparta,,  Wis. 47 

St.  Joseph.  ^lich HO 

St.  Paul.  Minn G4 

Tillany,  H.  C.  &  Co m; 

'I'oniah.  Wis 47 

Two  Klvers,  Wis 22 

Wahasha,  Minn ., ,  .  .   ,-,<; 

Waterlown,  Wis 34 

Waukesha,  Wis 14 

Waui)un,  Wis ](; 

White  P.(<ar  Lake.   Minn 87 

Winona.  Miini .^e 

Wini'econno,  Wis   p) 

Wisconsin,  Skoteh  of 8 


206917 


Bv.Wi  &■  McCann.  Priiitprs,  Itil  La  Salle  Stroot,  Chicago. 


\ 


PREFACE. 


Notwitlistimdinj,'  all  that  has  ln'cii  said,  simjj;.  and  writtt'ii  ahoiit  tlu? 
new  Anicrican  Enii)iiv  in  the  (iolden  North-Wist,  that  rich  and  wondt'r- 
ful  rc^'ion  is  to-day  coniparativfly  little  understood  rr  ai)i>re('iated,  in  a 
practical  way,  hy  the  nuisses  of  the  ])eople,  especially  in  the  far  ea.t:  >■ 
states.  Even  yet  the  f^laniour  of  horder  romance  linj^ers  in  every  allu- 
sion to  the  older  portions  of  the  section,  where  civilization  has  almost 
iiiotted  out  the  memory  of  ])ioneer  days,  and  the  honest  farmer  of  New 
Eiifiland  ht'lieves  now  that  the  man  who  raises  corn  in  lAfinnesota  is  in 
constant  dan<,'er  of  himself  hccomiu};  an  Indian  meal.  It  is  true  that 
tile  compai'iitively  recent  discovi-ries  of  precious  metals  in  the  still  wild 
districts  of  Dakota  and  Montana,  the  extension  of  the  Northern  i'acitic 
]{.  II.,  the  surprisinji;  develo|)ment  of  the  country  alon^  the  lines  of  tlu' 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  road  in  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota,  and  other 
allied  causes,  have  within  a  few  years  done  nnudi  to  spread  the  knowi- 
edf^^e  amonfi  the  jx'ople  of  these  states  and  territories,  teeminjr  with 
resourc(s  of  every  description  calculated  to  excite  the  acipiisitive  enerj^y 
and  industry  of  man.  But,  after  all,  the  (4olden  North-West  with  its 
rich  ])rairies,  its  stately  forests,  its  mountains  of  <,'old  and  silver,  its 
ini«,dity  rivers  and  crystal  lakes,  its  vast  stock  ran}j;es ;  scenery  une([ualed 
in  the  world  for  heauty  and  <j;randeur ;  flora  and  fauna  so  diversified, 
extended  and  al)undant  as  to  cover  all  the  wants  of  our  race ;  its  hills, 
yalleys  and  streams,  the  ])aradise  of  the  hunter  and  the  angler,  and  its 
railroads,  steamers,  mills  and  i'actm'ies — of  all  this  enough  remains  un- 
known to  render  further  and  reliahle  information  concernhig  it  of  prac- 
tical value  to  the  civilized  world.  It  is  the  want  of  such  informatiim 
t?!iat  the  puhlishers  of  the  (lolden  North- West  have  undertaken  to  supply. 
i  The  growth  of  that  portion  of  our  country,  including  the  adjoining 
British  province  of  Manitoha,  which  we  have  called  "The  Golden  North- 
West,"  has  heen  truly  miraculous!  Of  Wisconshi,  Iowa,  Mhmesota, 
Dakota,  and  Montana,  it  mey  he  said  that  their  whole  history  under 
sivilization  is  spanned  hy  the  recollections  of  people  yet  living,  while  of 
the  newer  sections,  included  in  the  list,  a  few,  a  very  few  years  covers 
:he  complete  record  of  their  development.  Of  the  states  and  territories 
Mentioned,  only  Wisconsin  and  Iowa  appear  in  the  census  of  1840,  with 
jopulations  respectively  of  80,945,  and  43,11'^.  or  only  74.057  whites  in 
41  this  great  division  of  the  country.  At  the  next  census,  1850,  Min- 
lesota  was  added  to  the  list,  with  the  modest  return  of  6,077  popula- 


*  L 


I 


tioii.  Mcaiitiinc  Wisconsin  and  Iowa  lunl  incn-astMl  to  .SJkVJMM.  and 
102/214.  Dakota  apprand  in  the  cjiisns  ot  \HVA)  with  I.h:{7.  its  vUh-r 
Hist«'rs  sliowiim  rapid  yains  dui'in«,'  the  picvions  dccad*- :  and  linally.  in 
1H7().  Montana  was  added  to  tlic  list,  all  of  wliifdi,  taken  tot,'i'tlifr  with 
Manitoha.  expresses  «,'eo),Mapliically  the  (lolden  North-West  of  our  hook. 

This  ri'j,'ion  aceordinj,'  to  the  censns  of  IHli),  had  a  population  of 
2.72!J,172  souls,  and  to  this  nnniher  .i  \ast  innltitu(h'  lias  heen  added  . 
(hn-inj,'  the  ei«,dit  years  which  have  |)assed  since  the  record  wiih  nnide.  | 
Since  that  time  the  Black  Hills  coinitry  has  heen  opened  to  <'i\  ili/ation. 
the  Northern  I'acilic  has  stretcdied  its  iron  arm  to  Misnnirck  in  Dakota, 
the  YellowstcMM'  country  has  heen  entered,  and  the  ^'enerons  soil  of 
Wisconsin's.  Minnesota's  and  Iowa's  prairies  has  heen  developed  thron^di 
natural  increase  and  imnii^'ration.  So  at  this  (hiy  the  ti^mres  fi'iwu  in 
the  census  of  1H7(I  mif^ht  he  safidy  doul '"d,  and  then  in  all  prohahility 
lie  within  tln'  truth  as  to  the  present  actual  poiailation.  In  IH^O  the 
estiuuited  value  of  the  real  and  personal  projx-rty  in  the  re},Mon  (two 
states)  was  sr>r).771.2;{U:  in  IWKI  it  had  increased  to  -S r)7 ;{.;{( (4, JUd  (three 
states),  and  in  lH7(t.  it  had  rolled  up  to  the  <,'rand  sum  of  Sl.ddO.dl.'),- 
\Hi\.  What  it  must  auy:it'^'iite  now  we  do  not  [)retend  to  calculate,  hut 
the  reader  will  conclude  h)r  himself  that  if  ex])reHHed  in  li<,nireH  it  wt)ul(l 
Hl)pear  startiinji  in  its  proi)ortions. 

The  acreajjie.  improved,  in  iHli),  n\  Wisconsin.  Iowa,  Minnesota.  Da-  (f 

kota  and  Montana,  wi's  17,74r),281.  while  of  uniniprovi'd  there  were  |'ji,.fs 
1(). tM7.r»2-4  acres,  of  whi(di  7.;}22,;{87  was  woodland.  The  cash  value  of  f  j^,  ., 
farms  was  $7*.>;i.7;W.4()r).  of  farmin<i  imi>lenients  and  niacdiinery.  S41.-  niati( 
7r)H.lir».  and  th«'  value  of  hirm,  ondiard.  and  nnirket  (garden  pnahicts.  f],,,  ^J 
with  improvements,  for  the  year  was  $28(),r)(>4,!)17.  y^^.]l 

As   the   short    period   whi(di    has   elai)sed    since   the   ahove    statistic  ('olml 
were  collected,  is  really  a  considerahle  ])eriod   in  the   development  of   ii  teiidtl 
re^'ion  that  had  hitherto  made  su(di  rapid  strides,  and  which  has  sinci  ^f  .,|, 
increased  the  rapidity  of  its  ij;rowth    from  year  to   year,  in    almost  geo  gtockl 
metrical   ])ro<j[ression.    we   have   selected   the   infornnition    <^iven    in   th  iij;iii\| 
latest  census,  as  i)roper  to  the  i)reface  of   this  hook,  forming,'  as  it  wil  to  mT 
a  standard  of   comi)arison  which  will   prove  of  value   to  the  reader,  a  posscf 
we  pi'oceed   to   sj)eciali/e   the   history,  development,  and   present  condi  passi 
lions  of  the  various  localities  comprised  hi  the  (Tolden  North-AVest.       ©jisi 

While  fully  inteiidinj,'  to  <.nve  this  work  a  thoroughly  practical  vahu  gfatej 
it  does  not  detract  from  that  ohject,  to  attemi)t  the  portrayal  of  tli  t]jis  if 
•irand  and  heautiful  manifestations  of  Nature  which  are  to  he  found  i  limitd 
every  part  of  this  wonder-hind.  We  say  attempt,  hecause  the  pencil  (  \\ 
the  «j;reatest  artist  is  weak,  when  the  divine  themes  of  the  Creator  bf^.j,! 
handiwork  are  sought  to  lie  transferred  to  the  ])ages  of  an  miJ'i"t'teid.,iijJ 
tious  volume.  planti 

Takhig   it   all    in   all.    whatever  of  legend,   of   statistics,  history  arisji  [ 
description,   the   i)uhlishers   have   heen   ahle   to    ohtain   concerning    tltlie  n| 
great,  the  Golden  Noi-th-West,  they  lay  before  the  public  confident  thijes. 
their  labor  will  not  he  unappreciated.  oernil 

H 


I 


17.  its  vUXvr 
\  liimlly.  in 
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i)])iiliiti(>ii  of 

hccii    ll(l»U'»l 

I  was  iiiiuU'. 
,  civili/atioii.    j 
i<  in  Dakota, 
rous   soil    of 
)p('(l  tlironj,'li 
ivt'S  i^ivt'ii  ill    , 

II  prol.altility  ^ 
In    IHSO   thf 

..  iv<j[i(>i»  (two 
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caU'ulatt',  Imt 
rures  it  would 


INTRODUCTORY 


iiniu'sota.  T)a-  It  will  not  Ik-  ut'cesstivy  to  ictV'i-  more  tliaii  ^^'ucrally.  and  Itrictly,  to  the 

.(1    tlit'Vi'    wt'i'*'  filets  sinToundinjj;  tlu' carlii'st  ihtiodiiction  of  this  (ioldcn    North-WcHt   to 

cjish  vahie  <>t  tin-  a((|nainta,i  v  of  the  white  man.     Thcri'  is  a  certain  amount  of  nifor- 

lehiucry.  S41,-  nuition  on  this  seore  whieh 


miufi  >IH  it  wil  to  make  liis  lahors  vahiahle,  as  siippleineiitary  to  the  knowk'(l<j;e  already 
the  reader,  a  possessed  eoncerninf^-  his  subject,  and  wiU  therefore  take  the  liherty  of 
present  condi  passing'  lijj;htly  over  such  jjiineral  niatti'is  of  history,  and  so  forth,  as  are 
^ovthAVest.  easily  to  hi'  ac(|uired  liy  ri'h'rence  to  the  standard  histories  of  the  various 
practical  vahu  states.  In  cases  when'  such  works  are  not  extant,  it  will  he  the  ohject  of 
)ortrayal  of  tli  tliis  hook  to  supply  the  want  as  far  as  practicahle  within  the  sonu'what 
.  to  ht'  found  i  limited  scope  of  the  work. 


ise  the  pencil  *        Ai>:oo(l  portion  ot  tlie  territory  tornnn^  our  pi-esent  nortli-western  states 

of   the   Creator  bef»an  its  existence  as  a  i)art  of  the  nuxlern   world   nominally   under  the 

of   an  unpretei dominion  of  that  f,'reat  world-conipierinfi;  nation.   Spain.     When   J)e  Soto 

planted  the  standard  of  his  sovereij^ui  ui)on  tin-  shores  of  the  Mississi 


sties,  history  ar|541,  then  seen  hy  Caucasian  eye  for  the  first  time,  he  took  possession  ii 

1  concerning    tltlie  name  of  Spain  of  all  lands  watered  hy  the  {^reat  river  and  its  trihuta 

lie  conMent  thries.     As  this  action  was  entirely  in  accord  with  prevailing?  doctrines  con 

fterning  the  rif?ht  of  "discovery."  perhaps  the  heaviest  real  estate  transae 


Introdictory. 


It  i 


tion  ever  attenii)ted  in  the  West  was  tlius  nominally  CDnHummated.  In  an 
4)1(1  S])anish  map  of  North  America,  the  section  now  occupied  by  the  states 
of  Illinois  and  Wisconsi'i  may  still  he  seen  fifi;nrinf,'  as  a  part  of  the  Span- 
ish ])ossessions. 

While  their  most  Catholic  majesties  held  the  barren  title  to  this  rich 
re^'ion.  they  do  not  appear  to  have  ever  attempted  its  exploraticm,  much 
less  settlement ;  both  of  which  enterprises  were  left  to  the  French,  who. 
havin<>'  ^ahied  a  considerable  foothold  in  Canada,  l)e<,'an  to  push  out  trading 
and  missionary  expeditions  to  the  surroundinfj;  country,  and  who,  foUowhio 
the  lakes,  reached  these  latitudes  some  years  after  the  middle  of  the  cen- 
tury succeedin<r  that  of  De  Soto's  exploits.  On  the  0th  of  July,  1()<)7,  La- 
Salle,  who  had  obtained  a  patent  for  the  exploration  of  the  Ohio  river, 
which  was  then  believed  to  empty  into  the  (xulf  of  California,  in  company 
with  a  body  of  seminarists  of  the  order  of  St.  Sulpice,  fnmi  Montreal,  bent 
upon  the  conversion  of  the  western  tribes,  embarked  upon  the  St.  Lawrenci- 
and  sailed  up  the  river  to  Lake  Ontario.  The  expedition  landed  on  the 
banks  of  the  Oeneset',  where  a  Jesuit  had  already  established  a  missiim  of 
his  order,  and  souii;ht  intellifi^ence  as  to  the  object  of  their  search,  and 
guidance.  An  apparent  unfriendliness,  perhaps  encouraged  by  the  Jesuit, 
prevented  any  ])rogress  from  this  point,  and  the  party,  later,  visited  the 
Iroipiois  colony  !it  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  river. 

At  this  place  it  was  learned  that  two  Frenchmen  had  arrived  at  a  neigh- 
Itoring  village.  On  meeting  these,  one  of  whom  was  Louis  Joliet,  after- 
wards famous  as  a  western  explorer,  the  missionaries  obtained  a  nnip  of 
portions  of  the  ui)per  lake  region,  which  he  had  visited  in  the  interest  of 
the  Canadian  authorities  to  explore  the  copper  district  of  Lake  Superior. 
They  were  also  uiformed  that  the  north-western  Indians  were  in  need  of 
spiritual  food,  and  concluded  to  journey  in  that  direction  ;  while  La  Salle 
took  another  route  and  reached  the  Ohio  across  country.  The  missiona- 
ries, on  arriving  among  the  Indians  of  wlnmi  Joliet  had  advised  them, 
found  the  French  Pere  Manpiette  and  his  companion  Dablon  already  on 
the  grcmnd.  In  the  fr)ll()wing  war.  La  Salle,  havhig  explored  the  Ohio  as 
far  as  the  falls,  where  Louisville  now  stands,  embarked  on  Lake  Erie,  and 
passed  around  through  the  Straits  of  IMackinaw  into  Lake  Michigan. 
Eeaching  the  head  of  navigation,  this  voyager  crossed  the  country  to  the 
Illinois  river,  which  he  followed  to  its  cimHuence  with  the  Mississipj)i,  de- 
scending the  latter,  it  is  said,  to  the  8(Uh  deg.  of  latitude. 

During  the  year  1(578,  the  upper  Mississippi  was  first  reached  l)y  Eu- 
ropeans, Joliet  and  Marquette  achieving  the  discovery  by  an  ex])editiou 
through  the  country  from  Oreen  Bay.  On  this  trip  the  site  of  St.  Louis 
was  first  visited.  Returning  to  Canada  in  broken  health,  Pere  Marquette 
remained  until  tlie  following  year,  when  he  again  set  out  on  a  missionary 
enterprise.  Passing  around  the  lakes,  his  party  ascended  the  Chicago 
river,  and  here  the  health  of  the  noble  Christian  ])riest  was  discovered  to 
l)e  in  such  a  cordition  that  his  approaching  dissolution  l)ecame  apparent. 


Revi 

and 

com] 

was 

histc 

nitu 

Pere 

on  tl 

500  ( 

iinfo 

crosH 

few  ( 

ende 

L 

hy  tl 

of  th 

takiii 

enter 

ter's 

Mem 

the  r( 

impo 

The  i 

and  1 

main 

treat 

tht 

point 

may 

by  H 

Lakt 
the  w 
the  c 
missi 
Mack 
of  col 
opera 
regioi 
of  en 
corne 


:1 


iNTROnrcTORY. 


mated.  In  an 
(1  by  the  states 
t  of  the  Span- 

:^  to  this  rich 
)ratiou,  much 

French,  who. 
ish  out  trading 
who,  following 
le  of  the  ceii- 
uly,  ir)()7,  La- 
le  Ohio  river, 
a,  in  company 
Montreal,  hent 
;>  St.  Lawrence 
landed  on  the 
'd  a  mission  of 
ir  search,  and 

l)y  the  Jesuit, 
er,   visited  the 

ved  at  a  nei<);h- 
is  .Toliet,  after- 
ned  a  map  of 
the  interest  of 
jiike  Superior, 
ere  in  need  of 
while  La  Salle 
The  missiona- 
advised  them, 
on  already  on 
:;d  the  Ohio  as 
Lake  Erie,  and 
ake  Michigan, 
country  to  the 
Iississip])i,  de- 
tached by  Eu- 
an expedition 
?  of  St.  Louis 
'ere  Marcpiette 
1  a  missionary 
d  the  Chicago 
discovered  to 
ame  apparent. 


Eeviving  somewhat,  he  was  able  to  make  the  partage  between  the  Chicago 
and  Des  Plaines,  and  followed  the  latter  to  the  Illinois,  down  which  the 
com])any  proceeded  to  the  lo(;ation  of  the  ])resent  town  of  Utica,  and  here 
was  witnessed  the  first  "revival  of  religion"  of  that  great  series  in  the 
history  of  the  West  whicli  culminated  in  the  Moody  and  Sankey  excite- 
nitut  so  recently.  Desirous  of  establishing  a  mission  before  his  death, 
Pere  Marcpiette  labored  with  burning  zeal  to  convert  the  al)origines,  and 
on  the  shores  of  the  river  at  the  ])lace  named  he  gathered  together  some 
500  chiefs,  and  thousands  of  warriors,  women  and  children,  to  wh(mi  he 
inifolded  the  sublime  truths  of  Christianity  and  the  touching  story  of  the 
cross  and  man's  redemption.  This  i)i()neer  of  western  revivalists  died  a 
few  days  afterv>ard,  on  the  19th  of  March,  1()75,  in  the  wilderness  while 
endeavoring  to  reach  Mackhiaw. 

Lingering  regretfully  over  the  annals  of  this  early  day,  we  are  forced 
by  the  inexorable  limits  of  our  si)ace  to  pass  the  succeednig  deveh)pments 
of  the  North-West  with  scarcely  more  than  m-^'iition.  The  ambitious  under- 
takings of  Count  Frontenac,  tlie  new  Canadian  governor,  aided  by  the 
enterprise  of  La  Salle,  now  enno'oled  by  the  French  government,  the  hit- 
ter's compani(ms,  Tonti,  La  Motte,  Fathers  Hennepin,  Labourde  and 
Membre — all  these  we  mi'  t  slight.  Nor  have  we  room  to  follow  closely 
the  record  of  the  develo])ment  of  the  trade  in  furs,  now  beghmhig  to  assume 
importance,  increased  about  this  time  greatly  by  the  enterprise  of  La  Salle. 
The  intrigues  for  the  monopoly  of  that  trade,  too,  (Ui  the  part  of  English 
and  French  interests ;  although  all  of  great  nKmient.  are  without  the  do- 
main of  this  volume's  particular  missiim,  and  are  already  exhaustively 
treated  in  other  books.  Bowing  to  the  strong  necessity  for  condensation, 
the  author  leaves  the  infant  Empire  of  the  (lolden  North-West  at  the 
point  where  the  })rincipal  factors  in  the  problem  of  its  future  development 
may  first  be  recognized  as  existing. 

On  the  2*2d  of  January.  1()70,  the  keel  of  the  first  lake  vessel  was  laid 
by  Henri  Tonti,  La  Salle's  lieutenant,  at  the  mouth  of  Cayuga  creek,  <m 
Lake  Erie.  In  August  following.  La  Salle  having  returned  from  France, 
the  white-whiged  sails  of  '*  The  (rritfin  "  were  spread  to  xie  breezes,  and 
the  connnerce  of  the  great  lakes  had  its  initiati<m.  In  the  labors  of  the 
missionaries  we  have  seen  the  establislmient  of  religion  in  the  factories  at 
Mackinaw  and  other  pohits  of  trade,  and  in  the  launch  of  "  The  Grittin  " 
of  commerce.  It  vdll  be  our  pleasure  to  note  the  results  achieved  by  the 
operation  of  these  forces  in  later  days,  and  in  the  various  localities  of  the 
region  whereof  we  are  writing.  With  these  brief  remarks  upon  the  dawn 
of  civilization  in  the  (Jolden  North-West,  we  introduce  the  most  attractive 
corner  of  God's  footstool  to  the  kind  attention  of  the  reader. 


4 
\ 


(llAPTKli   I. 

SKETCH     OF     WISCONSIN— MlJiWAUKKK — WAl'KKSHA— JANKSVll.LK — MONKOK — 

SCHLESINCJKRVILLK  —  WAirVN — UIl'OX — OSHKOSH — FOND  DC  LAC— 

(iRKKN  liAKK  — MKNASHA — SHKHOYOAN—  MANITOWOC. 

1  RECENTLY  as  tlic  fertile  wealthy  and  populace  section  now  known  as 
^  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  was  rescued  from  the  control  of  its  savage  nomadic 
inhabitants,  and  new  as  it  appears  in  the  lij^ht  of  our  European  civilisa- 
tion, there  are  yet  evidences  that  it  has  been  the  seat  of  an  elder  civilisa- 
tion so  remote  as  to  make  the  earliest  human  ai  nals  within  our  ken  seem 
hut  the  record  of  yesterday.  In  common  with  other  portions  of  our  coun- 
try, there  arc  evidences  in  this  state  that,  lonj^'  before  the  time  of  the  Amer- 
ican Indian,  a  teemin}j:  population  lived  and  thrived  within  its  boundaries, 
One  proof  in  sup])ort  of  this  theory,  showing  as  well  the  great  distance  in 
time  from  oiu'  days  at  which  these  people  existed,  is  to  be  found  in  tht 
mounds — miscalled  until  within  a  few  years  "  Indian  mounds  "  -which  sin 
gular  structures  may  be  seen  in  many  ])ai'ts  of  tlic  state.  The  outlines  o' 
birds,  men  and  leptiles  are  yet  to  be  distinguished,  often  very  perfectly,  ii 
the  conformation  of  these  works. 

In  the  south-western  part  of  Wisconshi,  near  the  Blue  ^lounds,  a  mouni 
elevated  about  six  feet  abovi-  tlu'  level  of  the  siu'rounding  prairie,  represent> 
the  extended  iigure  of  a  man.  It  is  120  feet  in  length,  the  body  80  feet  ii 
width,  witii  a  well  formed  head,  and  the  general  contour  true  enough  t( 
nature  to  astonish  us  at  the  skill  of  its  constructors.  Turtles,  li/ards,  elc 
phants,  and  other  creatures  are  rei)resented  hi  these  earthworks  hi  dift'ereii 
localities :  but  perha])s  the  most  interesting  one  of  all  yet  discovered  i- 
located  near  Cassville.  This  is  in  the  form  of  a  mastodon,  and,  moreover 
was  found  to  contain  the  bones  of  that  long  extinct  animal.  The  obvioii' 
inference  from  liiis  startlhig  connection  of  human  art  with  the  fauna  of  ; 
period  generally  believed  to  have  been  pre-Adamite,  is  that  the  Mouiu 
Builders  of  Wisconsin  were  contemporaneous  with  the  mastodon  and  othc 
creatures  of  the  geological  jieriod  in  which  that  gigantic  animal  flourished 
In  thus  putting  in  a  claim  to  respectable  antiquity  tor  the  magniticen 
Badger  State,  we  have  touched  upon  a  subject  of  great  interest  to  archicol 
ogists,  to  whose  careful  attention  we  ciminieiid  the  entire  region  considerei 
in  this  book,  replete  as  it  is  with  the  evidences  of  human  life  and  labo 
hundreds  of  ages  agone. 

Ah  to  its  geological  characteristics,  Wisconsin  does  not  present  any  wel 
defined  differences  from  the  conditions  of  its  neighbors.     Limestone  under 


lies 

slat( 

give 

sin, 

31(J : 

twee 

Micl 

of  w 

and 

S(|ua 

in  ec 

rivei 

Lak( 

Mag 

prod 

petrt 

0 

Btate 

conti 

more 

land 

from 

watc 

Mic' 

with 

tint's 

diam 

West 

hi  a 

The 

huiK 

ordci 

large 

mile; 

navi' 

200, 

the  (1 

river 

eni])t 

Bervi 

Of  tl 

most 


Thk  (tOLDKN   Nouthwkst. 


9 


.E — MONROK — 
1>U  LAC— 

c. 

now  known  un 
savage  noniadit 
•opean  civilisa- 

elder  civili.sa- 
i  our  ken  seem 
ns  of  oiu'  conn- 
ne  of  the  Amer- 
itH  boundaries, 
•eat  distance  in 
e  found  in  tlit 
Is  " — which  sin 
The  outHnes  d' 
•ry  perfectly,  ii 

ounds,  a  nioum 
airie,  represent^ 
body  80  feet  ii 
triu'  enou<j;li  t( 
:les,  li/ards,  elc 
•orks  hi  dift'ereu 
et  discovered  i- 
,  and,  moreover 
1.  The  ohviou' 
I  the  fauna  of  : 
that  the  Moun 
itodon  and  othc 
limal  tlourished 
the  niagniticeii 
erest  to  arclueol 
egion  considers 
1  life  and  laho 

present  any  wel 
jimestone  under 


lies  the  southern  jjortion  of  the  state,  while  primitive  rocks,  such  as  granite, 
slate  and  sandstone,  prevail  in  the  northern  part.  Chancellor  Lathrop 
gives  the  elevations  of  different  ])oints  in  the  southern  section  of  Wiscon- 
sin, as  follows:  At  Blue  Mounds.  1,170:  head  waters  of  the  Rock  river, 
81(5;  egress  of  the  same  river  from  the  state,  1,28():  and  the  portage  be- 
tween the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivi-rs,  at  22H  above  the  level  of  Lake 
Michigan. 

The  mineral  resources  of  Wisconsin  constitute  one  of  its  great  sources 
;of  wealth.  Three-fouitlis  of  the  great  lead  region  extending  fnmi  Illinois 
and  Iowa,  lies  in  its  south-western  ])art,  and  covers  an  area  of  about  2,000 
8([uarc  miles.  La  Fointe.  C'hi])i)ewa.  St.  Croix  and  Iowa  counties  are  rich 
in  (ojiixT.  PiXcellent  iron  (.res  abound  in  Dodge  county  and  ov  the  Black 
river  and  other  bran(dies  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the  valuable  ores  of  the 
Luke  Superior  regi(m  extend  into  the  state  from  Michigan  in  great  quantity. 
Magnetic  iron,  iron  i)yrites  and  geophite  ore  are  among  the  other  metallic 
products  of  the  region,  which  is  also  prolific  in  fine  marbles.  gy])sum,  salt- 
petre, etc. 

Of  the  beautiful  lakes,  almost  mimbei'less.  which  have  earned  for  the 
state  the  re])utation  of  being  the  most  atti'active  lacustrine  region  on  the 
continent,  we  shall  have  occasion  to  write  in  detail,  regarding  at  least  the 
more  notable  ont^s.  Without  st()p])ing  to  notice  ])articularly  the  great  in- 
land seas  that  wash  the  shores  of  Wisconsin,  a  short  distance  south-east 
fi'om  the  centre  of  the  state  is  situated  Lake  Wiinu'l)ago,  a  line  body  of 
watei',  'i'S  miles  in  length  and  10  nriles  wide.  It  connuunicates  with  Lake 
Michigan  through  the  Fox  or  Neenah  river  and  (nven  Bay.  In  comnKm 
with  all  the  hikes  of  the  locality,  Whniel)ago  has  the  clear  water,  pic- 
tures(]ue  sh(U-es  and  islets,  and  lies  under  the  laight  blue  skies  and  in  the 
diamond  sunlight  found  nowhere  in  such  perfection  as  in  the  (iolden  North- 
West. 

"  The  rivers  which  traverse  \hv  interior',  for  the  most  psu't,  flow  generally 
in  a  south-west  direction,  dischai'ging  their  waters  into  the  Mississip])i. 
The  latter  river  bounds  Wisconsin  on  the  south-west  for  mort'  than  two 
■hundred  miles.  Cimimeiicing  on  this  line  at  the  south,  we  have,  in  their 
order,  the  Wisconsin,  Bad  Axe.  Black,  and  Chii)])ewa  rivers.  Of  these  the 
largest  is  the  Wisconsin,  which  Hows  neai'ly  directly  south  for  over  200 
miles,  aud  then  west  about  a  hundred  miles,  into  tln'  Mississi}i))i.  It  is 
navigable  for  steamboats  for  nearly  200  miles.  The  Chi])pewa  is  about 
200,  and  the  Black  about  150  miles  long.  The  Fox  river,  or  Neenah,  is 
the  outlet  of  Winnebago  Lake,  and  coiniects  it  with  Green  Bay.  The  Wolf 
river,  from  the  north,  is  the  mahi  supply  to  this  lake.  The  Menomonee 
emptying  into  (ireen  Bay,  and  the  Montreal  into  Lak(i  Sujierior,  are  very 
Serviceable  streams  for  maimfacturing  ])urposeH.  These  rivers  form  part 
0f  the  north-east  boundary  of  Wisconshi."-  Navigation  is  ditticult  (m 
inost  of  these  rivers.  Steamboats  ascend  on  the  Wisconsin  to  where  it 
1     Hist,  of  Wiscniisin. 


J 


\ 


10 


The  Goldkn  Nouthwksi-, 


> 


approaches  a  tributary  of  Lake  Winiiel)a^'(),  at  which  point  are  rapids,  ^t  $' 
Around  these  a  canal,  soon  to  he  opened,  will  att'ord  unbroken  navigation  43/,) 
from  the  sea  to  the  MissiHsii)pi.  "  The  Rock  river  is  sometimes,  at  high  vahi 
water,  ascended  by  boats  to  within  the  hmitsof  Wisconsin.  The  Bad  Axe.  \ 
Black,  Chippewa  and  St.  Croix  are  hnportant  channels  for  floating  timbfi  from 
to  market  from  the  })ine  regions  in  the  north-west  of  the  state.  The  river>  first 
Howing  into  Lake  Superior  are  small ;  and  though  unfavorable  for  com-  histc 
merce,  their  ra])id  courses  make  them  favorable  for  mill-sites."^  surrt 

Beference  has  been  made,  in  the  preface  to  this  l)o<)k,  to  the  rapid  growth  by  tl 
of  our  north-western  states  and  territories,  and  in  no  part  of  the  region  comi 
has  the  march  of  civilisation  resulted  in  greater  triumphs  to  the  energy  upon 
and  industry  of  our  race  than  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin.     It  is  to  be  re- 
gretted that  we  uuist  go  back  to  the  beginning  of  the  present  decade  for 
figures  with  which  to  illustrate  the  wealth  and  i)rosperity  of  this  busy,        'j'j 
pushing  people ;  but  there  are  not  any  reliable  statistics  to  go  by,  that  wt  of  Mi 
are  aware  of,  of  later  date  than  those  contained  in  the  re})ort  of  the  V.  S.  p^i-f 
census  tor  1870.     Could  the  whole  truth  of  Wisconsin's  material  growth  u)!  Bay  \ 
to  the  ])resent  time  be  laid  l)efore  us,  it  is  not  to  be  doubted  that  our  pridt  Pere 
in  the  development  of  the  North- West  would  be  largely  and  excusably  in-  stav  i 
creased.     In  1870  the  state  had  a  population  of  1,0;)4,()70,  of  which  l.O/Sl.- bouiu 
351  were  white,  2,118  of  African  extraction,  and  1,'20()  Indians,     The  lattei  thing 
figure  illustrates  the  extent  to  which,  eight  years  ago,  the  red  man  hai  Britis 
been  H(|ueezed  out  of  the  domahi  he  held,  practically  undisputed,   withii  (Jer  L 
the  ])resent  century.     At  the  ])resent  tinu'  the  numl)er  of  Indians  is  knowirernai 
to  be  considerably  less  than  that  given  above.     Of  the  total  populatioi  by  iiij 
given,  090,171  were  native  born;  a  flattering  commentary  upon  the  patrion  tii 
otic  efforts  of  the  young  commonwealth.  move 

In   1870  the  total  acreage  of  improved  land  amounted  to  5,8i)9,84Hdeat 
There  was  wood  land  8,487,442  acres,  and  other  unimproved  land  to  tliiprob; 
extent  of  2,878,;">8()  acres.     The  total  cash  Viilue  of  farms  was  placed  <rfor  i\ 
$800,414,01)4,   and   of   farming  implenu'uts   and  machinery  $14,281),8()-JChest 
The  value  of  all  farm  productions  for  the  year,  including  enhanced  valiiil8l8, 
and  additions  to  stock,  aggregated  S78,027,082.     Orchards  produced  iii>810,the 
268,  market  gardens  $22().()();">,  and  forests  Sl,827,()18.     The  value  of  anidevek 
mals  shuightered  and   sold  for  slaughter  was  .Sll,014,()48,  and  the  totapatins 
valuation  of  all  live  stock  S4o, 810.882.     There  were  within  the  state  252.Chica 
Oil)  horses,  808,877  milch  cows,  58,()ir)  wiu-king  oxen,  1,0()D,282  sheep,  512,      Sh 
788  swine,  besides  many  other  kinds  of  domestic  animals  in  great  numbeiAJexa 
During  the  census  year,  Wisconsin  produced  24,375,475  bushels  of  spriiiR.,  at 
and  1,280.909  of  whiter  wheat ;  15,088,998  bushels  of  Indian  corn;   9m).a'ear 
818  pounds  of  tobacco,  4,090,(570  of  wool,  1,591.798  of  cheese,  and  4,r)8().3uilt 
155  of  hops.     Milk  was  sold  to  the  amount  of  2,059,105  gallons,  and  maiiicnnet 
other  and  important  agricultural  products  might  be  mentioned.    The  manhf, 
ufacturing  iiulustries  of  the  state  produced  results,  for  the  year  1870,  valutyyhat 
1     Hist,  of  Wisconsin.  vitll  t 


ThK   (ioLnEN    NoUTHWKST. 


11 


lit  Jire  rapids,  at  $77,214, :12().  Theiv  wtrc  7,018  estahlishnu-nts  of  all  kinds,  eiiiployiii}.' 
ken  navigation  43,*.)1()  hands,  to  whom  was  paia  in  wages  tlu-  sum  of  S18,r>7r),(>4"2,  and  tiie 
'times,  at  high  value  of  raw  material  used  was  plaeed  at  !?4;'5,Hr)l.*2()(), 

The  Bad  Axe.  We  have  H])()keii  of  the  early  settlement  of  the  North-West  commeiu-ing 
rtoating  timhei  from  the  north-easteni  ])art  of  Wisconsin,  in  our  Introductio.i.  From  the 
,te.  The  river>  ftrst  attempts  at  white  civilisation,  the  history  of  the  region  was  merely  the 
rahle  for  ('(mi-  histoi-y  of  the  ])osts  of  (ireeii  Bay  and  Prairie  du  C'hien.  until  after  the 
eH."^  surrender  of  the  former,  with  the  control  of  the  state,  to  the  I'nited  States 

lie  rapid  growtli  by  the  British  in  171M).  That  portion  of  the  history  of  Wisconsin  properly 
t  of  the  region  coming  within  the  sco])eof  this  work,  will  he  found  in  the  pa])erH  following 
1  to  the  energy  upon  the  salient  i)oints  of  interest  in  the  state. 

It  IS  to  he  re-  ^^^^  MKTlfOl'OLIS  OF  WISCONSIN. 

<ent  decade  tor 

y  of  this  husy.        The  site  of  the  i)resent  important  commercial  and  numufacturing  city 

go  by,  that  wi  of  Milwaukee  was  prohiihly  first  visited  by  the  white  man  in  the  person  of 

)rt  of  the  r.  S.  Pere  Marquette,  who  is  believed  to  have  stoi)ped  there  rii  ronfr  from  (ireeii 

terial  growth  u|  Bay  to  Chicago,  in  October.  1()74.     Two  years  later  another  missionary. 

1  that  our  pridt  Pere  Claude  Alhouez,  visited  the  place.     With  the  exception  of   a  short 

d  excusably  in  stay  made  in  the  locality  by  Jean  Buisson  de  St.  Comes,  who  was  storm 

of  which  1,051.  bound  there  in  WM),  nobody  seems  to  have  touched  at  Milwaukee,  for  any- 

mis.     The  lattei thing  we  know  to  the  contrary,  until  17(12,  when  Lieutenant  (4orrell,  of  the 

e  red  man  lun  British  American  service,  stopped  thei'e  for  a  short  time.     In  1775  Alexan- 

lisputed,   witliii  der  Laframbois  came  from  ^lackinaw  and  established  himself  as  a  trader, 

ndians  is  kiiowi  remaining  six  years,  at  the  end  of  whitdi  time  he  returned  and  was  succeeded 

total  popuhitioi  by  his  brother.     Not  long  after  the  latter  was  killed  by  the  Wiimeba^  jc-s, 

upon  the  patri  on  the  Hock  river.     In  17i>5  Jacijues  Vieux  and  Jean  JJaptiste  Miraiuk'au 

moved  in  from  (xreeii  Jiay.  reviving  the  trading  business  left  vacant  by  the 
ed  to  5, 80^), 84;) death  of  Tiaframbois.  At  about  the  heginning  of  the  present  century, 
ved  land  to  tluprobably  fnmi  1805-180(5  to  1810-1812.  Jean  Baptiste  Beaubien,  an  agent 
s  was  placed  iifor  ^Ir.  John  Kinzie,  of  Chicago,  had  a  trading  post  at  the  foot  of 
ery  $14,23i),8()-JChestnut  street.  The  permanent  white  settlement  of  Milwaukee  h'gan  in 
enhanced  vahil818,  in  which  year  Solomon  Juneau  located  and  engaged  in  trade  with 
produced  $810,the  Indians.  Nothing  further  was  done  worthy  of  mention  in  the  way  of 
he  value  of  anidevelopment  u"^-'  1888,  when  a  number  of  Chicago  settlers  came,  antici- 
t8,  and  the  totiipating  the  withdrawal  of  the  ahorigines.  wliich  according  to  the  Treaty  of 
n  the  state  252.Chicag()  was  to  take  };)ace  in  188(>. 

),282  sheep,  512,  Slamld  the  reader  look  upon  the  building  recently  erected  by  the  Hon. 
in  great  numbeiAlexander  Mitchell,  president  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  R. 
)ushels  of  sprhift.,  at  the  south-east  corner  of  East  Water  and  Michigan  streets,  and  try 
dian  corn  ;  9(5(l,o  carry  his  mind  l)ack  a  matter  of  fifty  odd  years,  to  the  time  when  Juneau 
eese,  and  4,()80.)uilt  his  modest  frame  house  on  the  same  lot,  he  might  be  able  to  conceive 
allons,  and  niaiiiomethiiig  of  the  wonderful  progress  made  by  the  town  (hiring  the  years 
ioned.  The  maithf  'lapsed  between  the  building  of  these  two  representative  structures, 
year  1870,  valuci^hat  would  the  pioneer  of  Milwaukee  have  tho'ight  if  he  could  have  seen 

vith  the  eye  of  prophecy  that  noble  pile,  the  most  magniticent  and  costly 


I 


111 '  i 


■•Y 

i 


12 


The  (ioi.PKN  NoiriHWEST. 


Imshit'ss  t'difict'  in  Amt'ricii.  ivjiriiiji  its  niaHsivc  front  in  tlic  midst  of  ii  ^rv-.w  "*^^^ 
comnierciiil  city,  where  ut  the  time  were  hut  a  few  humhle  lo^^  huts  iuW  ^*^}^ 
frame  shanties '.'  ^"^ 

The  lirst  town  election  was  held  in  the  year  188"),  iV.)  votes  hein^?  cast  y*"^^ 
and  the  foUowinfj  otHcers  elected:  Siii)ervisor,  (ieo.  PL  Walker;  Towi  ^^^^ 
C.'lerk,  Horace  Chase :  Assessors,  James  Sanderson,  Alhert  Fowler  aiii  *^2,  ] 
Enoch  Chase :  Commissioners  of  Roads,  Jienoni  W.  Finch  and  Solonioi  * '**' 
Junean  :  Constahle,  Sciota  Evans  ;  School  Inspectors.  Encxdi  Chase  ain  ^i^'^' 
Wm.  Clark:  Path  Masters.  Enoch  l)arlin^^  JJaizillar  J)(m},dass  and  C.  H  was 
Smith:  Fence  Viewers.  Paul  IJnrdick.  F.  J^.  Smith  and  (i.  H.  Walker  rail'' 
Pound  Master,  Enoch  Chase.  So  small  was  the  population  at  this  tini^  ^i^'" 
that,  as  will  he  seen  from  the  "slate."  there  were  more  than  enou^di  ottict  ^^''^i' 
to  j2;o  around.  It  is  satisfactory  to  know  that  this  excess  in  the  supply  (  t'^t'in 
positions  of  honor,  tiust.and  emolument,  was  not  experienced  hythe  {jfoo  ^t'lil 
citizens  of  Milwaukee  for  any  alarming  lenjfth  of  time,  nor  has  it  ever  n  ®*  '^' 
turned  to  annoy  them.  At  the  ])resent  date  it  may  he  said,  in  fact,  thii^*^"''' 
offices  in  that  princely  young-  city  are  sought  for  hy  patriotic  inhahitaiit  ®^^'  *' 
to  an  extent  whi(di  precludes  the  necessity  of  giving  three  or  four  to  p^ntr 
single  num.  us  was  necessarily  done  in  the  initial  campaign  of  '85.  ^^^  '^ 

The  lirst  sale  of  lots  occurred  in  Novemher,  1H85,  and  by  the  beginniii .  '^* 
of  1H8()  the  new  village  had  entered  u])on  a  season  of  s})eculation  and  ra])i  ^'^'^^'^'^^ 
growth  known  only  in  the  history  of  our  frontier  towns.  Of  this  i)r()spt:P'^'"'" 
ous  era.  Mr.  J.  S.  ]iuck  writes  in  his  excellent  Pioneer  Plistory  of  ^lilwai^®"^*' 
"Stocks  of  goods  would  he  sold  out  in  manv  instances  hefoiv  tlu  ^'^"^ 


Ke( 


were  fairlv  opened,  and  at  an  enormous  profit.     Every  one  was  sure  hP'*'^*^' 
fortuiu'  was  nuide.  and  a  stittVr  necked  i)eople.  as  far  as  prosj)ective  wealt 


was  concerned,  could  not  l»e  found  in  America.     Nothing  like  it  was  ev 


seen  before  :  no  westi'rn  city  ever  had  such  a  birth, 
the  rapidity  of  its  growth  :  all  felt  good.     *     *     * 
were  erected,  manv  of  them  of  goodly  dimensions. 


People  were  (lazed 
Some  sixty  buildiii: 


Milwi 
the  M 
thee 


Streets  were  grade. ^/^^^^ 
fences  established  :  officers  of  the  law  a))pointe(l :  medical  and  agricultui  * 
societies  formed  :   a  court  house  and  jail  erected ;   and  all  in  live  slir^®**  ''J 
months."  '^^ 

The  \  ear  188()  was  notable  as  witnessing  the  erection  of   a  territ()n„!f*"1 


Tht 

city 


government  in  Wisconsin,  and  the  following  officers  were  appointed  to  ; 
nunisterit:     (iovernor.   Henry  Dodge;    Secretary,   J.   S.   Horner:    Chi'     . 
Justice,  Charles  Dunn;  Associate  Justices,   Wm.  C.  Frazier  and  Dav®^*""L 
Irwin;  Attorney  (general,  W.  W.  Chapman;    ^larshal.   Fraiddin  (ieh(.??^*'*| 
The  first  sheriff  of  ^Milwaukee  county,  Henry  M.  Hubbard,   was  conmi:  '^*' 
sioned  by  (iovernor  J)odge,  August  2, 188(5.     At  this  time  the  po])ulatioii?Jf^' 
the  county  amounted,  accordhig  to  a  territorial  census,  to  2,898.  .  J  ^^| 

Considering  the  enter])rising  character  of  the  early  settlers  of  Milwa  I 
kee,  it  is  not  surprising  that  even  at  this  period,  co-incident  with  the  i'^^  M 
fancy  of  railroad  projects  in  America,,  they  should  have  set  their  heai  .  ^1 
upon  the  possession  of  an  iron  highway  to  connect  the  great  lakes  with  t 


«rh 


osi 


ThK    (ioi.DKX    NoUTHWKST. 


l:^ 


hnidst  ol"  a  irivii!  Mississip])!.     liyioii  Killiouni,  wlio  will  l)t'  iH'iiU'inlx'ri'd  to  tin-  vud  of  our 

loir  InitH  aiii'  ii**^^ •<'>''''  'J*f  'i*^  t^'^'  latlKT  of  Wisconsiirn  splendid  niilroiid  system,  visited 

Mihviiukee  on  ii  snrveyin<j;  tour  in  1H;}4.  and  settled  tlieie  in   the  followinji; 

)tes  beintr  cast  Y^'^^'-     '"  eonnection  with  his  career  as  a  railroad  operator,   \\v  find  him 

W'lll'er  •  Towi  ^^^^  mentioned  as  secretary  of  a  meeti   u'  held   in   Milwjuikee,   Se})teml)er 

.   v„«1j^.^-  j^ii,  22,  1h;5('),  foi-  the  purjiose  of  petitioning^  the  territorial  leyislatnre  to  (diarter 

li  iind  Solonioi  *  t'oinpany  for  tiie  construction  of  .i  niihvay  from  Milwaukee  to  the  Mis- 

1    (jn,ij^^.  mi,  siKsippi.  l»y  way  t)f  Mineral  Point.     I'he  proje<'t  conceived  at  this  nieetinfj; 

1...  ..,.,1   r    i!  was   not  curried  oi;t  until    1H41>.   when    the    Milwaukee   and    Mississiijiji 

/'     xj    W'llker  r8,ilroad  was  starti'd,  hut  from  the  time  the  idea  was  lust  hroached   liyron 

•it  this  tini- ^^^''"^"" '^'"^  "^  **'^^   associates  lU'Ver  lost  si^ht  of  the  advantaj^'es  to  the 

,    .,,,!>  <>m,.<  section  to  he  reaped  hv  means  of  railroiids.  and  his  and  their  efforts  were 
in  enou}j;n  omct  .     '        .     , 

tl   '  sunnlv  I  thenceforth  iniceasinn'  until  the  present  system,  whudi  is  a   proud  monu- 

•    1  1  vthe  «M)(i  '^^'"^  ^"  *^'*'  *'ntei'])rise.  industry.  ])erseverence.  statesmanshi|)  and  ))atience 

,,      ■-.  j.^  of  its  promoters,  was  com])leted  in  the  construction  of   the  Chicago,   Mil- 

•  1    .'    ,.     .    xi,.waukee  and  St.  Paul  railroad,  the  most  important  line  in  tlu'  state,  and 
id,  in  laet,  tii.i                            ,     ,        ,         ,                       •     ,,            , ,  „„  • 

•  i.-     •   I  .1  u...,tOlie  ol  tile  }j;reatest  and  most  prospei'ous  m  tlie  world.  J  Ins  corporation 
lotic  mlial)itaiit                    p         i        .•       i       i        i        r         xi  ui        ^      i 

»•  „,.  +,«   controls  1,AM  miles  ot  railroad,  and  <>ridir()ns  the  commonwealth,  extend- 
'ee  or  tour  to  .  .  ... 

,.  ,.j-  ina  as  well  to  the  nei^dd)oring  states  of  Illinois  and  Minnesota. 

1     11     1  '  .;,„.;,,       'l^*'  the  tourist  the  earlv  history  of  a  i)lace  like   Milwaukee  must  he  of 
l)Y  tile  l)e"iiiiiiii  '   .     .      ■ 

,   ,.  "^1  ,  ..-interest,  and  to  till' settler  it  is  also  valuahle,   as   illustratin<(  the  results 

Illation  and  rap.        i        i  i     i      i         i        i       ,        •  ,     i  w     ^  r      ^i 

,.,.  ,,  •  .    produced  hv  hard  work  and  enterprise,  seen  to-dav.     \\e  iiave  tor  tiiese 

Of  this  prosjK  *'  •  1  XI        •  1    •     u       •.  •    1  •  1 

('  Ml  vii^'®"'^"''^  rather  leaned  toward  the  pioneer  e])0('li  m  tlie  city  s  history,  since 

■  ,    ,/       ,1   from  the  (dirvsalis  of  that  earlv  dav  hurst  forth  the  i)owerfiii  state  of  the 
nces  helore  tlu  x       „  V        ,        •       aii     '    i    '  -n       .  ■   ,       +        • 

1  present.     IJetore  leaviii''  Milwaukee  we  will  note  a  i)oiiit  or  two  m  cimnec- 
(me  was  sure  lif.  r  .  .        /   . 

,■  i.tion  with  its  <>i'()«>;rai)lucal   position,   population,   tacihties.   and  so  fortli. 

irospective  weali  ,■  x,  x  ,  -•  V    i      at-  i  ■  x  n  xi      .• 

.,      .,     ._  ,        Milwaukee  lies  on  the  western  snore  ot  ijake  Miciu<>an,  at  tiie  moutii  of 

'   ^       . .  i.  .    1  the  ^Milwaukee  river.     From  a  northerly  direction  the  river  flows  toward 

^      .  ^     1    -IT    the  city  nearly  iiarallel  with  the  shore  of  the  lake.     The  Meiunnoiiee  river 
le  si\tv  huildni'        .    •  •    '  -xi     x     ,      x  .    u-  •,     ,■ 

flowui"-  from  tile  west  forms  a  connueiice  witli  it  ahout  iialt  a  mile  from 


ets  were  grades 


il  and  a<>ricultui 


outlet.      Naviuation 


for  large  vessels   extinds 


all  hi  live  sh<  v      i      ^ 

for  a   distance  ot    ahout 

,       .,      two  miles  ui)  these  rivers, 
11  oi    a  territori  ' 

.    ,    n  ,        Ine    i)0])ulation    ot    the 

:'  appointed  to  a  .        '    ' 

, ,     .„  /n  city    lias    heen    recently 

S.   Hcmier:    C  li     ,*•       x    i   i  .     "x 

1    ,v    estimated   l)v  eom])eteiit 

razier  and  J^s'^  ,,,      ■,     ^^,^- ani\       i 

, ,.      /,  1   authoritvatr2i).0()() souls. 
Franklin  (Telii;_,  •  . 

^  Ine      commercial      and 

ard,  was  comm  v    ^     •  .■        ,■ 

,   ,.     manutacturiiiK  section  ot 
e  the  population  ..  •      i    n 

,    '  ,  IVlilwaukee  occupies  hotli 

to  2,Hi);-J.  .J  ,.    ,1         .  ,. 

,.  ,r\     *ides     ot    the    river    tor 
lettlers  ot  Milwii 

. ,     ,      .,,     ,,      ;Wo  miles.     Here  are  the 
ident  with  the  i .  . 

,   ,,    .     ,      Jtately   wareliouses   into 
/e  set  their  lieai  .      •  x    i     .i 

,  ,  ,         .,,    whose  great   depths   are 
ivent  lakes  witli  t 


THK    NKWHAIiL    HOUMK. 


llilil 


^iti 


' 


14 


ThK    (ioLDKN    N()UT}{\VKST, 


]»omv(l  the  ii^n-icultnnil  wealth  of  tlie  (ioldeii  North-West.  Ak  to  siiiiitni  T 
ii(lviintaj,'eH,  Milwaukee  enjoys  a  reputation  unexeeUed  hy  any  of  the  Ann  ling  o 
lean  nietr()i)oH.  Its  (h'aina}j:e  is  perfect,  chniate  eipiahle  althou<,'h  moderate  1  comn 
cold  in  winter,  find  in  every  resjject  it  justilies  tiie  a])propriate  title  lucipal 
stowed  u])(.ii  it  l>y  the  sava«j;e  poets  of  the  race  that  left  its  neijjihhorhod sever 
so  sadly  and  reluctantly  hut  a  few  years  a}j[o—" The  l^lace  of  the  Jieautifui.plaijr 
To  the  traveler  who  nni^y  desire  to  visit  Milwaukee  comfortahly,  we  su^'j,'(-Betlu 
in  conclusion  that  the  Newhall  Fiouse,  the  ])rincipal  hotel  m  the  cit}popul 
presents  every  attraction  in  the  way  of  central  locution,  comfort,  luxury,  anand  s 
UKxh'rate  charj^'es,  and  should  he  i)atronised  in  [)reference  to  any  other.     Betla 

A  (UJEAT  NOUTHWESTEUN  SPA.  *P<^  * 

visito 
The  beautiful  town  of  Waukesha,  Wis.,  which  has  of  late  years  hecouimgjji., 

so  celebrated  for  the  curative  powers  of  the  waters  of  its  numerous  niiii^g^^^i^. 

era!  s])rin,us,  is  the  county  seat  of  Waukesha  county,  Wisconsin;  <'hariii(jypp(. 

injj;ly  situated  on  the  Fox  river.     Tt  is  distant  from  Chicago  105  miles,  aiithg  ],| 

from  Milwaukee  '20  miles,  and  is  reacdied  hy  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  aii^ess 

St.  Paul  Jl.  li.,  the  Prairie  du  Cliien  branch  of  whicdi  road  runs  throu;,r 

the  town.     Since  the  accidental  discovery,  in  IHOH,  of  the  medicinal  <pial; 

ties  of  its  springs,  Waukesha  has  grown  ra])idly  in  wealth,  population,  an       Lt 

p()]iularity  as  a  summer  res(u-t.     Crowds  of  invalids  and  pleasure  seekeipossil 

visit  the  locality  every  sumnmordini 

f^^^^Tw-^^'^irm  rf^^gr  i'liilMK-<fey ' '  \      _^iS:^:'^  and  a  more  fashionable  wateriii^urer, 

place  than  Waukesha  has  growcities 

to  l)e  would   be  ditticult  to  tiiithe  Ki 

anywhere  in   the   country.     TliJa^t's 

hotel  acconnuodations  of  WaukilSS*"^' 

sha  are  excellent.     The  :Mansi(i3abin 

House,  conveniently  and  centrallisi^t 

located  as  to  the  s})rings,  de])e'^^  ^1'" 

drives,  and  so  tVu-th,  is  the  leadiii-*i<^^  <^ 

hotel,    and   was   built   about  sP^^^iH 


^  years  ago,  with  especial  refereii 


'^'Mf^-/ 


THE   MANSION   HOUSE. 


i: 


I  m  tilt 

to  the  new  wants  of  the  phutj! 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  grove  of  tine  shade  trees,   and  possesses  extensiv  ,  .-,' 
jileasure  grounds,  laid  out  in  correct  taste.     In  addition  to  the  ^Mansio       \ 
House,  there  are  several  respectable  and  comfortable  hotels  which  prospt 
upon  the  overflow  of  the  former.  ,  ' 

.  S  fljl)(' 

Nature  never  endowed  a  place  with  more  mnnerous  or  a})preciable  aii . 

vantages  as  a  sanitarium  than  she  has  the  localitv  of  Waukesha.     Tli'. 

climate  of  the  section,  southern  Wisconsin,  is,  to  begin  w"ith,  salubri(ms  i       ,. 

•  ir©  111 

the  extreme,  the  natural  situation  of  the  site  is  remarkably  })ictures(jUn|^ 

and  inviting,  and  to  crown  all,  the  advantages  otJered  by  the  waters  ;  ii       , 

these  together  combine  to  render  the  place  certain  of  becimiing  one  of  tli  .^^     . 

leading  "  Spas  "  of  the  w\)rld. 


9 

I 


ThK    (lOLOKN    NoIlTHWKST. 


15 


JANESVILLE  AN  J)  MONliOE,  WIS. 


As  to  Hanitai        The  resident  ])()|mlati<)n  of  Wiiiikeslui  is  ai)ont  4,0()0.  this  iiuinher  he- 
iiiy  of  the  Ann  ling  of  course  hir{j;ely  increased  diirinj,'  the  season.     It  has  (•onsideraI)le 
i)n<,'h  nioderatt!  commercial  and  a<,'ricultnral  importance  of  a  local  character,  hut  its  ])rin- 
•()])riate  title  lucipal  source  of  jjrospi-rity  lies  in  its  marvelous  sprin<^s.     Of  these  there  are 
its  neij^hhorlnx I  several  more  or  less  favored  hy  i)eoi)le  who  liavt'  foinid  relief  iroui  the  c(mi- 
[  the  lit^autiful. plaints  for  which  they  may  almost  he  said  to  he  severally  specifics.     The 
ahly,  we  su<,'<,'t'-Bethesda  sprinf^,  the  earliest  discovered,   formerly  enjoyed  the  f^nvatest 
)tel   in   the  cit}popularity.  hut  others  have  since  heen  found  to  disi)ute  the  h(»nors  with  it, 
ifort,  luxm'y,  an  and  since  the  Glenn  s|)rin'!:  was  formed   hy  oi)enin<i;  a  new  outlet  to  the 
to  any  other.     Bethesda  stream,  the  (|ualities  of  the  Hethesda  are  said  to  have  deteriorated 
and  the  flow  <j;reatly  diminished.     At  ])resent  the  (iU'im  is  the  fiivorite  with 
visitors  to  the  springs,  and  its  healing  waters  are  shijjped  in  harrels,  in  im- 
ate  years l)econijnenH(.  ({uantities,  all  over  the  civilised  world.     The  (ilenn  mineral  sjjring 
>  numerous  nni^ater  is  efficacious  in  the  following  diseases:     Diahetes,   Bright's  disease, 
sconshi ;  <'harii:(|ygj)(.|,siji,  torjjid  liver,  alhuminuria,  dropsy,  indigestion,  intlannnation  of 
'()  105  miles,  anthe  hiadder  and  kidneys,  calculus  or  stone  in  the  Madder,   female  weak- 
Milwaukee  aiiness,  gout,  rheunuitism,  ])aralysis,  and  many  other  diseases, 
id  runs  throu<i: 
medicinal  (inal; 

1,  population,  an       Leavhig  the  immediate  neighl)orh()od  of  the  state  metropolis,  it  is  hu- 

ideasure  seekcipossihle   to  travel  in  any  direction  without  finding  points  of   more  than 

y  everv  sunnni 'Ordinary  interest,  whether  viewed  with  the  eye  of  the  merchant,  manufac- 

lionahle  waterin^urer,  settler,  or  tourist.     One  of  the  many  thriving  and  attractively  located 

kesha  has  (rl•()^\ cities  for  which  Wisconsin  is  noted,  is  Janesville.  situated  on  hotli  sides  of 

difficult  to  liiitli®  Kock  river,  and  occui)ying  jjortions  of  the  townshijjs  of  Haiinony,  I  lock, 

e   countrv.     Tli^*^*'"^^'!'*'-  '^^^'^  LaPrairie.     The  white  settlement  of  Janesville  began  in 

ations  of  Waukil888,  in  which  year  a  family  named  Holmes  hnilt  the  iirst  house — a  log 

t.     The  ^Iansi(i3*^iii — ^^^^  tlie  west  side  of  the  rivei',  opposite  the  liig  Hock,  then  a  promi- 

ntlyandcentrall'i^'^t  feature  in  the  scenery  of  the  valley,  and  which  gave  to  the  crossing 

le  simn^s,  deixi''*  *^''^^  l)oint  the  name  of  Big  Rock  Ford.     Hohnes,  during  the  same  year, 

rth  is  the  leadin-^'^  ^'^it  "  town  which  he  called  Itockport,  covering  the  ground  now  consti- 

huilt   about   si'^^*^"f-'  ^^^*"  fourth  ward  of  the  present  city.     A  number  of  pioneers  settled 

L  •  >i  ...  iv<,.- ,,  )n  the  east  side  of  the  river  in  188(5,  among  them  Henrv  Janes,  who  erected 

fs])ecial  retereui  .  '  .       . 

,       ,.   ,1        ,1  tavern,  where  a  large  business  block  now  stands.     The  citv  is  called 
uts  ot  the  plan  .        ,.,.,•         ,  .     .       ,     -,00-   i  i     ^1       "       . 

,       .  lanesville  after  this  earJv  r"sident.     In  lH,-i<  it  was  made  the  countv  seat 
ssesses  exteiisn  .  r,     ,  ,  i  ii    '  i.  x  1  1    -u  ^i      1  1    «:* 

,      AT.      ■       Hock  county,  and  the  p  'eseiit  court  house,   limit  111)011  the  \)hin  over- 

,  .  /  '    '     ooking  the  city,  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  tinest  jiublic   buildings  in  the 

swhiclipros]).^^^^^^^     It  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $112,000.     The  poiiulation  of  Janesville 

.  , .        8  about  9,000,  and  its  industries,  principally  milling  and  manufacturing, 

\v     1*^  -1'        mi  jive  ample  employment  to  both  the  capital  and  labor  of  the  city.     The 

.   '     ^  '    ' !         iver  furnishes  one  of  the  tinest  water  powers  in  the  West,  and  its  shores 

'    1 1"    '  •  .1    ,   ,    I''®  lined  with  establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  various  products. 

^'^  '  •    ^     ,       '     The  tlour  made  at  this  place  has  achieved  an  enviable  reputation  in  the 

^     .  ^     '        f'  iVolfcrkets  of  the  world,  and  success  has  also  attended  the  enterprise  of  its 

iiasens  in  the  manufacture  of  woolen  and  cotton  goods  and  agricultural 


I 


\ 


16 


Tick  (iolmk.n  NoinnwKsi', 


H 


i 


i( 


p; 


1 1 

! 


irnplfini'iitH.  Tlic  country  siirroundint,'  .iHiU'svillc  is  well  luliiptcd  to  tlii^A  i 
growth  of  tlic  Ictidiiif,'  cereals.  esix-ciuHy  wheat.  As  tlu'  Kock  river  is  Hd-  -i 
navi}i;ahle  to  any  considerahle  extent,  the  coninierce  of  the  town  is  ''iii''"i»''o-JB(i 
on  hy  means  of  its  i-aihoud  conmuniications.  which  are  anii)le.  The  ''"'it'^^ijQ 
viMe  and  Monroe  hranch  of  the  C'hica^'o.  Milwankee  and  St.  I'anl  road  \u„u^ 
the  principal  oiith't  for  trade,  and  a  hranch  of  the  C.  \-  N.  \V.  road  ^'^'f''"*!^'  ^nn  , 
the  former  at  this  point,  o])enhif,'  connection  for  the  city  with  every  imijoij^  ^^ 
tant  |»oint  in  the  hind,  and  hrin},'in<j;  it  (Hrectly  to  the  doors  of  its  i)rincip;i.^jyg  ^ 
nnirkets,  Chica^M)  and  Milwaukee,  from  the  latter  of  whicdi  it  is  oidy  '.Qntr 
miles  distant.  A  pleasant  place  to  visit  or  for  pernninent  residence  at  ii  ^g+jj,, 
times,  in  the  summer  and  auttuini  .Janesville  is  as  attractive  a  town  ii^Qj*,,, 
nature  and  art.  hacked  hy  larj^'e  material  pros})erity,  could  well  nnike  i'^j  ^^^ 
The  (dimate  is  e(pnihle,  and  hut  very  little  siidvuess  is  known  in  the  vi('init\y|y 

Another  very  pr()s])erous,  fhiely  located  and  attractive  locality,  on  tlij^+i.- 
same  ])ran(di  of  the  ('.M,\-  S,  P.  with  .Janesville  (and  its])resent  te)'minu>,QQj| 
is  the  town  of  Nlonroe,   with  a   po])ulation  of  ahout  4,(K)().     It  is  distai' 
from  Milwaukt'c  105  miles.    It  is  prohahle  that  the  railroad  will  he  extendi 
hefore  l()n<,'  to  the  Mississippi,  where  it  will  strike  the  river  at  Dnnleith,  111      At 
opjxtsite  l)uhu(pie,  Ta.     "Moiu'oe  is  situated  in  an  a^'ricultural  district  notttf.  & 
for  its  ri(dmess,  and  is  rapidly  yaininjj;  as  a  centre  for  the  large  trade  of  tiaige  i 
stu'roimding  region.  his  ol 

S('HLESIN(iEiiVlLLE,  WIS.  .  )ld  hij 

It  is  necessary  to  retrace  our  Hte])s,  and  commence  again  at  Milwauki 
Journeying  northward,  the  traveler  might  spend  many  weeks  in  visitii 


the  numerous  places  of  resort  att'ected  variously  hy  the  s})ortsman,  angit 
or  Humu-.er-day  idler.     Prohahly  the  first  jxHut  on  the  line  which  would 


laed  t\ 
)eooni 
hem 

rest  the  attention  of  the  tourist,  wtndd  he  the  village  of  Scddesingervill  ®"*] 
Washington  county,  80  miles  north  of  Milwaukee,  ahout  115  miles  frd®**^"^] 
Chicago,  and  JM)  from  St.  Paul.  It  is  reached  hy  the  Chicago,  ]\IilwauL^''^  j 
and  St.  Paul  K.  11.,  through  its  liipon,  Oshkosh  and  IJerlin  division.  TijfP"^] 
vicinitv  of  Schlesingerville  shows  traces  of  having  heen  a  favorite  resi,        J 


of  the  Indians  in  remote  days,  as  indeed  it  wa.s  within  the  memory  of  ear 
settlers  yet  living,  the  reascn  heing  found  in  the  excellent  shooth)g  a 
tishing  of  the  locality.     Cedar  Lake,  a  heautiful  sheet  of  water  and  o 


he  wi| 
3oalit 
nth( 
nd 


of  the  prettiest  hi  the  extended  system  of  lakes  of  the  state,  is  only  tin 
miles  from  the  village.     It  has  a  local  reputation  for  its  hass  fishing,  ai 
of  late  years  has  heen  largely  ])atronised  hy  ])arties  fnmi  the  Soutli.     T:    g^. 
ccmntry  ahout  is  rollhig,  fertile,  and  well  tind)ered,  and  the  sanitary  fon'ated 
tions  are  all  that  could  he  desired.    In  the  village,  manufacturing  is  <'arrijjjg|^ , 
on  in  a  limited  way.    Accommodations  for  travelers  are  said  to  he  adeipniig^j^ 

WAUPPN,  WIS.  lanyl 

Waupun,  in  Dodge  county,  notal)le  princijjally  as  'oeing  the  neat^^^J 
the  Wisconsin  State  Prison,  is  a  town  of  2,500  inhahitants,  on  t\.  . 
Kock  river.     It  is  distant  from  Clii(^ago  15().  from  Milwaukee  ()8,  and  fri®''^  ' 


TlIK   (ioLDl-lN    NoUTHWKHT. 


r 


luliiptcd  to  tli,^^^  |,j,„|  .J,,,,  ,jji,,.^  r,,j|^.  h.adiiii,'  (.hjcct  of  iutt-rt'st  is  tlie  state  prison,  two 
ock  nviT  IK  ii"rjjii(.^  troiii  tlic  .stiitioii,  wliicli  is  ii'iicind  l)y  stunt's  rinminj,'  re^nilarly.    Tht- 

town  IS  '*"■*•  "'prigoii  |)iiil(liiiy  is  a  line  stnictin-c,  and  is  ^'cnt'i'ally  considered  to  he  one  of 
))le.  1^''*' •"'"*''^-jhe  most  complete  and  perfectly  appointed  penolo<,Mcal  institntions  in  the 
>t.   I  aul  voad  'United  States.    A  ri(di  <frain  and  stock  country  surrounds  the  town.    Wan- 

\V.  road  •'i'<»«^tpmi  ^^y^^^^  fii-^t  settled  hy  whites  in  the  year  IMHO.  nnd  has  prot,'ressed  rajjidly 
ith  »'very  |"U""n  wealth  and  industry  to  the  present  time.  The  i)rincipal  local  nuinufa<-- 
i  oi  its  Pi"i"*'M'^'-,iue  is  carried  on  in  the  |)rison,  where  i)'A)  convicts  are  em])loyed  under 
ch  it  IH  onl>    'contract  with  a  leadinji  Thiciiuo  hoot  and  shoe  house,  turnintj[  out  products 

residence  at  ii  ^atimated  in  value  at  Sl.OdO.OOO  anmuiUy.  There  is  an  estahlishment  of 
ictive  a  town  i'joine  extent  in  the  town  for  the  numufacture  of  wind-mills.  Am|)le  means 
Id  well  make  I'^f  communication  are  had  with  tiie  outside  world  throujj[li  the  Chicaj^o, 
,n  in  the  vicinit)yjii^..^„l.^,^.  ,^„,l  ^1    Paul   H.   H.  system.     (Ireen  ].ake  and  Lake  Emily. 

locality,  (Ui  tli^^jjjj,  ^,.^^y  distance  of  tiie  place,  furnish  excellent  resorts  for  i)leasure  and 
(resent  te)'nnnu^,QQ(|  lishinj,',  and  are  lar^'elv  visiti'd  from  Waupun. 

;'•,"'"'!'"'"  HOlilCON  JUNCTION. 

I  Will  he  exten(l( 

rat  J)nnleith,  111      At  the  south' vn  end  of  Horicon  Lake  this  station  is  situated,  on  the  ('. 

iiral  district  notr^I.  &  S.  P.  Jl.  11.,  iifty-four  miles  from  Milwaukee.     Near  the  Junction  a 

larj^e  trade  of  tlarge  dam  was  erected  many  years  ago,  and  the  hack-water  resultinj,'  from 

his  ohstruction  flooded  the  country  for  miles  around.     Deprived  of  their 

)ld  hi<,'hway  to  other  waters,  the  fish  in  Horicon  lake  increased  in  numl)er 

i.  i\r-i    ,„i   intil  the  water  was  literallv  alive  with  them.     The  neit^hhorinff  farmers 
am  at  Mdwaukt    „ ,  ,    ,      ,  , ,    .  ■'  ,    ,i  *      i       +i     i  1 1     + 

,      .       •  •,•  laed  to  hack  their  wagons  into  the  current,  when  tlie  hoxes  would  at  once 
weeks  m  visitii  f  i.     i-  4.^       i  ■  n    i 

,  >ecome  nlled  with  nsh  ;  a  little  energy  on  the  ))art  or  the  drivers  enahled 
iportsman,  angK  i      i     -Ii       i      i    t-  iP"  •  -u  i  ii        ■  x- 

'     ,  .  ,  11    nem  to  get  on  land  with  a  load  ot  their*  finnv  i)rev,  and  the  victims  were 

e  which  would  ii  'T      ,    ,  ,     ,,      ,.    ,.,.     ,.         i-  .i     i     "r     /    .  i       xi      i 

,.,,,,     .  Mii/t  once  devoted  to  the  iertihsation  of  the  land.     Later,  when  the  dam  was 

t  Schlesmgervill  x      i  t^  ^       ^     i     t  i        i  •  i 

,   ^^^      •,       ,.    emoved,  the  suhsidence  ot  the  water  left  a  vast  extent  ot  marsh,  winch 
it   llf)  miles  tro  n     i        t  i    *•  •    i       t      -n   *      i      rn        i  i 

I  ■  ATI        1 'ery  soon  hecame  the  l)reeding  ground  ot  mvriads  ot  wild  fowl.     Ihe  oh 

Incago,  Milwauk     '',.,,.,,,  ^  ,  .  i  '  ,       ^  ,  ,.  .,, 

,.     1-  .  •  riv)opularitv  or  the  ])lace  as  a  tishing  ground  gave  phu'c  to  equal  favor  with 

flni  division.      1,*^  "     <•  ^i  n  i       tj        n  ,  I-     i     u\\  w 

..         ..      . , .  a©  lovers  ot  field  sport.     Here  the  sportsman  may  nnd  all  the  varieties  ot 

,.  .     he  wild  duck,  hesides  hrant,  geese,  and  swan.     Large  parties  visit  this 
le  memory  or  eai  i-     ii     i      x-  i  r  i  •  i  i-     -i-x    •    c        i 

,,     ,     ,      ,.         Dcality  every  seae^^on  tor  the  hunting  and  lishmg,  and  evervlacilitv  is  found 
[lent  sliootmg  a'  •'       x  I-     xi     .•  n       •  x  7       •    x     /^      .•    x  1 1  "  "     i  x- 

1     n  the  s])ot  tor  the  lull  eiiiovnientot  a  visit.    (()miortal)le  accommodations 
ot  water  and  o:  i,      x  x    i       1 1   ■      i      xi      x  rxw     u 

,    ,      .         ,     xi    nd  good  hoats  are  to  l)e  ohtamed  without  dimcultv. 
;tate,  IS  only  tin       ^ 

i  bass  fishing,  ai  J3EAVE1!  DAM. 

n  the  South.  1  Beaver  dam.  a  manufacturing  town,  and  popular  summer  resoii,  is  h)- 
tlie  sanitary  t'onij^^d  (>,j  Beaver  i)am  liiver,  an  (mtlet  of  l^eaver  lake.  The  lake  is  eight 
facturing  is  t'arn-jijgi^  in  length,  hy  a  alxmt  two  wide,  its  trend  heiiig  northwest  and  south- 
aid  to  he  adeipiaig^gtj;^  '£i^^,  town  ])()ssesses  a  \alual)le  water  power,  whicdi  supplies  the 
lany  manufacturing  establishments  along  the  river.  There  are  six  flour- 
,    .        ,  .ig  mills,  a  large  agricultural  implement  factory    two  extensive  woolen 

\  '    .,  ^  ^       '    '  .utis,  and  several  other  enterprises  of  lesser  dimensions.     The  soil  of  the 
inabitants,    on    '  .  ,  ,      .  x      •      •  i        i  x-    xi  i  •  •  i 

1  t  e^hhoring  countrv  is  rich  and  fertile,  and  a  ])ros]K'rous  gram  growing  and 
aukee  ()ft,  and  tn^*  ^  .  i       i  r.         t-  e^ 


1 


91 


i| 


ir 


18 


TlIK    (lOLDKN    NoUTirWKST, 


dairy  Hcction  tiiuls  M  <j;o()(l  iniukt't  lit  Hi'iivcr  Dimi,  win-nee  the  cropH  in 
Hhipped  to  Milwaukee  or  (Ihicii^'o.  the  latter  point  hi'in},'  only  149  niileH  dis 
tant.  The  nieans  of  conninniication  with  all  parts  of  the  country  are  an 
pie,  UH  tlu'  ('hi(aj,'o,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  l{.  H.  syHteni  touehen  tli 
point,  ott"erin<j;  a  hi<,diway  in  every  direction  thronj,di  its  numerouH  radiatin 
hraindies  and  conni'ctionK.  Heaver  lake  is  well  stocked  with  f^anie  tish,  tl: 
pickerel  \)v\uii  es])ecially  notahle  for  their  innnense  size  and  supi'riorHavo; 
Last  spring'  the  state  ti;.h  coniniission  planted  14(),()(K)  younjj;  Mackinit 
trout  in  its  waters,  whi(di  in  a  few  yj-ars  will  arrive  at  siithcient  nniturit 
to  delight  the  anj^ler  an<l  adorn  his  camp  larder. 

HI  PON. 


But 

upo 

mm 

the 

of  s 

a£fe( 

tod 

equi 

Owe 

uoul 
life  i 


Cl 


A  nund)er  of  natural  heauties.  cond)inin^'  with  advantajj;es  of  situ;  '| 
tion  and  historical  associations  of  no  little  interest,  render  the  litt  fjQ,, 
city  of  Hipon.  Wisconsin,  a  point  o\  more  than  ordinary  attraction,  evt  rivei 
among  the  numy  intei-estin*,'  ))laces  in  this  hivored  state.  The  city  is  si  ^n„; 
uated  in  the  western  ])art  of  Fond  du  Lac  county,  H'6  miles  from  Milwiu  pQJ,, 
kee,  at  the  point  where  the  C'hicaj,'o,  Milwaidvee  and  St.  Paul  road  diver}.'"  town 
to  Oshkosh.  the  crossiufj;  of  the  Shehoyyan  and  Fond  du  Lac  K.  1{.  ('  plac, 
the  latter  line,  six  miles  west  of  Hii)on,  is  Green  Lake  station,  on  the  \n\  inffi 
of  the  same  name,  lon^'  celehrated  among  the  disciples  of  Izaak  Walti  factr 
for  its  magnilicent  fishing,  and  poi)ular  with  the  sportsmen  of  the  counti  busii 
as  well  for  the  excellent  (hu^k  and  other  shooting  its  neighhorhood  ation  unsu 
in  season.  The  lake  is  irregular  in  form,  and  is  ahout  fifteen  miles  ites  i 
length,  with  an  average  width  of  three  miles.  Facilities  for  reaching  tli  mji^, 
inviting  sjjot  fnmi  Hi])on,  are  ample,  hy  stage  or  hy  the  trains  over  tl  ^jj 
Shehoygan  and  Fond  du  Lac  road.  Juc 

l^ipon  was  incorporated  a  city  in  iKfJH,  and  has  at  the  i)resent  tinu  ,Je8 
population  of   ahout  4,000.     A  considerahle  manufacturing  interest  In  tion 
sprung  u])  and  the  local  industries  are  in  a  tlu'iving  condition.     There  ii  mun 
flouring  mills,  wind  mills,  saw  mills,  carriage  works,  and  a  large  piclvtran 
factory  in  successful  operation.     The  Hipon  college,  the  result  of  loi  cap: 
enterprise  on  the  ])art  of  Captain  Mapes  and  other  pioneers  of  the  plai  "Wji 
is  located  here,  and  is  a  flourishing  and  i)opular  educational  institutio 
The  locality  of  Ripon  will  ever  prove  interestiiig  to  the  student  of  socioloi: 
inasmuch  as  it  was  at  this  spot  that  one  of  the  most  earnest  and  conipi 
liensive,  and  for  a  time  successful,  efforts  in  history  was  made  to  estahli-  **^^ 
a  social  community  in  accordance  with  the  theories  of  Fourier  and  otli^"I 
philosophers  of  that  ilk.    Harmony  Colony  was  estahlished  in  1834  or  IHl^p 
and  prospered  so  well  that  within  a  couple  of  years  it  had  over  three  hii, *" 
dred  and  fifty  members.    The  families  possessed  everything  in  eommo,  *  ,' 
and  their  united  efforts  iij  the  field  of  agriculture  soon  gave  the  commmii  ^, 
an  accumulation  of  property  regarded  in  those  days  as  considerable.    TI't;*^^ 
people  were  frugal,  industrious,  temperate,  law-abiding  and  religious,  ai®^/ 
80  long  as  their  position  remained  isolated  they  got  on  very  well  togetli*  ^"' 


I! 


T 


TlIK    (idl.KKN    NoinilWKHT. 


19 


L'  the  ('r()])H  III 
ily  149  niilcH  (li> 
country  are  tin 
cm  touches  til 
[uerouH  riuliuti 


But  niter  a  few  years  other  aiiil  uon-Hocialist  |)ione«'rs  liefian  to  encroach 

upon  the  adjacent  hiiuls.  lUscords  appeiired  within  tlie  ciich-  of   the  coin- 

miuiity;  a  few  "aiivanced"  nieinliers  eiidiavored  to  ^' raft  upon  the  system 

the  then  novel  i(h'a  of  free  love,  and,  in  short,  contact  with  the  older  forms 

of  society  witliout,  and  with  mw  and  dt-nioralisin^'  intluences  within,  so 

til  •'ame  lish  tli  aff»'»*ted  the  peace  and  |)rosperity  of  Ilarmony  Colony  that  it  was  decicU'd 

d  sunerior  tiaviii  to  divi(U'  the  common  sto<k,   and  this  was  accomplished  peaceiihly  and 

I'ouni'  Mackinii   equitaldy.  we  lielieve.  in  IHM7.    The  experiment  at  Itipoii,  like  Kohert  DaU' 

fficient  uuiturit  Owen's  in  Indiana,  and  Hrook  Fiuni  in  New  iMij^'land,  was  short  lived;  it 

could  not  stand  a^'ainst  the  immense  pressure  of  personality  in  American 

life  and  enterprise. 

jp  WINNKCONNE. 

inta}i;es  ot   situ;         '|'],if^  pk-asant  town  is  in  \Vinneha<i;o  county,  fourteen  miles  north-west 

render    the  htt  from  Oshkosh,  where  it  is  situated  on  Wolf  rive)-,  near  the  mouth  of   Fox 

attractum,  evi  nvcratlhe  outlet  of  I'oyynn   lake.     The  nortlu'rn  terminus  of  the  Mil- 

The  city  ih  sr  ^aulvfc  and  \\'inneconne  line  of  the  ('.  ^i.  \'   S.   1'.  railway  tou(dies  tliis 

es  from  Mihvai  poiut.     Winnecomie  has  a  population  of  neiirly  M.OOd,  and  is  a  thriving 

'aul  road  diver},'<  town  in  tlu"  midst  of  a  prospi-rous  lumher  and  a<fricultural  (hstrict,     Tiie 

u  Lac  li.  11.     ('  place  was  settU'd  in  IHII,  and  lias  enjoyed  a  steady  ^'rowth.    The  imhistrial 

ition,  on  the  h\\  interests  of  Winneconne  are  i)rincipally  in  the  d-vection  of  lumher  numu- 

of  Izaak  \Valt(  fftcture.  and  there  are  a  numl)er  of  wealthy  tinus  en!j;a^'ed   in  tliis  line  of 

en  of  the  counti  business.     'J'he  facilities  for  sport  and  pleasun-  possessed  hy  this  town  are 

{hhorhood  atfon  uusur])assed.     Toysan  lake  is  rai)idly  l)ecomin<^  one  of  the  jjreatest  hivor- 

t  lifteen  miles  ;  [^^  amonjj;  all  tlu-  lakes,  for  nuntin^'  and  iishin<jf :  it  contains  an  area  of  70 

1  for  reaching  tli  miles,  heinjr  ahout  twelve  miles  in  lenj^th  and  an  averaj^'e  of  four  and  a  half 

le  trains  over  tl  rniles  wide.     Its  shores  and  hiiys  ahound  with  snii)e,  plover,  wood-cock, 

ducks  and  pra.rie  chit-kens,  while  its  waters  teem  with  f^ame  lish  of  numy 

le  i)resent  time  descriptions :  amon<f  these,  hass,  stur^H'on.  pickerel  and  pike  nuiy  he  men- 

U'ing  interest  li:  tioned.     In  addition  to  its  railway  connections,  this  place  has  water  com- 

liti(m.     There  ii  niunication  with  Oshkosh  aiul  New  London,  via  the  Wolf   river  line  of 

nd  a  larjre  pi<*^  transports,  and  to  lierlin  hy  way  of  Fox  river  steamhoats.     A  fair  hotel, 

he  result  of  lot  oapahle  of  acconu)datin^'  a  moderate  numher  of  giit'^ts,  is  maintained  at 

eers  of  the  phu  "Winneconne. 

itional  instituticx  OSHKOSH. 

udent  of  hocioIo.o       ,p^^^_  ^  .^^.  ^^^  Oshkosh,  the  county  seat  of  Winnehago  county,   is  a  line 


nest  and  eonipi 


town  of  15,000  hduihitants,  situated  on  hoth  shores  of  Wolf  river,   at  the 


imade  to  es  a  *  |ppjjj^  where  it  empties  uito  Lake  Winnehago.  It  is  the  northern  terminus 
r"T8S4  m^^  *^^^  Oshkosh  and  Milwaukee  hue  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St. 
led  m  lbS4  or  .  p^^^j  j^  ^^  ^^^^^1  ^^.^^  water  communication  hy  vessel  to  Wolf  river  points, 
ad  over  three  li^^^j.^  Winnehago  is  noted  as  heing  the  largest  lake  in  the  state,  as  well  as 
thing  m  comm()j^  ^^^^  extreme  heauty  of  its  surroundings.  It  has  an  area  of  ahout  212, 
ftve  the  commuiii^^^  Its  greatest  length,  which  is  north  and  south,  is  ahout  tvventy- 
considerable.  ^'g^iit  miles,  and  its  width  from  ten  to  eleven  miles.  On  the  eastern  shore 
and  I'elipous,  aMp.^^  ^^j^^^.  formation  skirts  the  lake  for  fifteen  miles.  It  consists  of  a  wall 
t^ery  well  togetln 


;.5 


\ 


20 


ThK    (iol.DKN    NoltTHWKST. 


'':M 


'Mjt' 


of  sUnw  piled  aliout  Hvc  tVct  IukIi.  inul  ho  n^nilaily  thiit  it  iipin-ars  to  Inn:   ha. 
artilicial  i-oiistnictioii ;  l»ut  it  is  (louI»tli'ss  due  to  the  action  of  ice  tliron«,'l    In 
hui},'  jji'i-iods  of  time.     This  lake  lies  within  the  houndanes  of  Wiiuiehann    Gn 
Calumet  and  Fond  du  Lac  counties.     It  lies  at  an  elevation  of  KU)  fe(    of 
uhove  the  level  of  Lake  'Michiuan.     The  depth  of  the  water  is  varyinf^  ain   rac 
in  places  (piite  shallow.  I)ut  in  <j;eneial  it  is  sutticient  for  pur])oses  of  navi   euli 
gation.     Vox  river  forms  an  outlet  for  the  ship  canal  connectin<,'  the  Fo 
and  Wisconsin  rivers.     Oshkosh  owes  its  connnercial   and   industrial   iiii 
portance  to  the  lumht-r  trade  of   Northern   Wisconsin,   for  which  it  wii 
formerly  the  j^reat  nnirt.     A  innui)er  of  saw  mills  and  the  nianufacturiii    -yyj, 
estahlishments  em|)loy  a  consideraMe  amount  of  cai)ital  and  a  lar<j[e  nuiii  jj^^j 
her  of  hands,     (.'onsideriuf^-  the  natural  advanta^^es  possessed  hy  this  cit\   ^^^ 
it  seems  evident  that  it  is  destined  to  hecome  an  im])ortant  connnerciii  ^f  ^ 
point.     Its  connnerce  extends  far  north  to  the  limits  of  the  statt\   wlienr  ^q  j^ 
the  supply  of  hnnher  is  drawn,  and  it  is  hivored  in  havin<i[  exceptional  iiii  ^qj^j 
vantaj,'es  of  railroad  connuunication.  as  well  as  vi'ssel  navifjjation  to  tli  gQul 
tjveat  lakes  unol)Ktrncted.     Oshkosh  has  lu'en  twice  destroyed   hy  lire,  i:  ^jjg  ^ 
18")!)  and  in  1874.  and  each  time  within  a  year  tlu'  city  was  rehuilt  in  hetti   pgj.f 
shajx'  than  ever.     Sinct'  the  last  <ireat  contlai^ration,  strini,'ent  ordinanci   ygjjj 
liave  heen  ado])te(l  restrictinj^'  the  erection  of  frame  huildini^s,  and  as  tL  q^h  ; 
town  is  nearly  lire  proof  and  has  an  ample  and  convenient  supply  of  watc!  )jQ,\t. 
it  is  not  likely  that  disasters  of  this  kind  are  to  he  aj^ain  suffered.     TL  ^t  n 
shores  of  the  lake,  within  a  few  mimites"  walk  of  the  husini'ss  district,  ni  \iim\ 
lined  with  the  villas  of  the  wealthier  citiseiis.     Vessels  of  all  kinds  ))ly  i;  fjjjj 
and  down,  while  pleasure  yachts,  hoth  steam  and   sail,   dance  over  tl   men 
<n'ystal  deep.     There  is  not  a  ])lace   in  the  world  that  can  lay  claim  i  gjijo 
greater  adaptability  to  the  needs  of  a  ureal  sunnuer  resort,  than  can  tl  Hy 
city  of  Oshkosh,  vj^^jl 

FOND  1)1    LAC.  stfttJ 


The  city  of  Fond  du  Lac.  17(1  miles  from  Chicago,  lies  at  the  soutlui 
extremity  of  Lake  Winneha<j;o.     ft  has  a  ])opulation  of  18,000,  and  is 
place  of  considerahle  commercial  and  industrial  imjjortance.     The  prim  tow 
pal  manufactures  are  agricultural  implements,  wagons,  ])a])er,  and  Inmli  mer 
products.     There  is  a  tine  high  school  building,  twenty  (dnu'cdi  editices.   in  t 
costly  and  handsome  post  otitice,  and  many  other  public  buildings  of  arcl  ing 
tectural  pretensions.     Several  good  hotels  acconunodate  the  traveling  pii  con 
lie.     The  city  proper  is  located  on  the  banks  of  the  upper  Fox  river,  ai  At  ij 
about  a  mile  from  the  lake.     A  peculiarity  of  Fond  du  Lac  is  the  iiumli  fori 
of  artesian  wells  that  it  contains ;  over  three  hundred  of  these  supply  t:  ton 
citizens  with  the  purest  water  imaginable,  drawn  from   depths   of  six  Gn 
to  four  hundred  feet.     The  advantages  of  the  plact;  as  a  summer  resort  ii  fact| 
many.     The  climate  of  the  region  in  summer  is  nearly  jierfect.    The  ch  mo 
atmosphere  is  impregnated  with  tlie  balsamic  odors  of   the  pine  fore  div 
growing  in  every  direction  ai)out  it.     X  mineral  s])ring  called  the  Fountii  pro 


'^m 


'I'hK    (ioM>KN    N()l!TH\Vi;sT. 


•21 


i( 


il^pcars  to  hv  n: 

of  ice  throii^'l 

of  Wiinit'lifij^o 

ion  of   1()()  f('( 

f  is  viii'yiii<i  iiiii 

ir])os('s  of  iiavi 

lectin^'  tlie  F(v 

iii(liistvi!i]   ini 

)i-  wliicli   it  wa 

"  niaimfuctiii'iii, 

11(1  a  lar<j;e  mini 

st'd  l>y  this  cit) 

ant  coninKTciii 

staff,   wlu'iic 

I  ('X(H'))tional  aii 

lavifiiition  to  tli 

loyt'd   l)y  tiiv.  i; 

i  ivhiiilt  in  hetti 

lijiciit  ordinanct 

iiiLis,  and  as  tl: 

t  suiiply  of  watt; 

n  Kuti'i'ivd.     Tl: 

^iness  district,  m 

f  all  kinds  ])\\  n 

,   danct'  ovt'V  tl 

can  lay  claim  i 

ort,  than  can  tl 


'S  at  the  soutlu'. 

18,000,  and  is 
mci'.  The  prim 
|)a])cr.  and  Innil' 
chnrcli  edifices, 
l)iiildhij>s  of  arcl 

tlu'  travelinjr  ])u 
er  Fox  river,  ii' 
Liac  is  the  nunil- 
f  these  snpply  t: 
11  depths  of  siN 
Slimmer  resort  a 
perfect.  The  clt 
>f  the  pine  tore- 
-ailed  the  Fountii 


ha>.  ioiifi'  in-en  celebrated  for  its  medicinal  (|nalities.  which  are  hijihly  tonic. 
In  addition  to  the  beauties  of  \Vinnel»a<zo,  l^jjkliart  Lake  on  the  east,  and 
Green  Lake  on  the  west,  affoi'd  ureat  attractions  to  the  visitor.  A  tine  fleet 
of  yachts  on  Lake  \Vinnei)a,uo  annually  en^aire  in  a  nuniher  of  re^'attas. 
races,  and  so  on.  and  in  fact  everythiii<,f  is  to  he  found  at  Fond  du  Lac  cal- 
ouhited  to  make  a  sununer  holiday  ph'asant  and  recreative. 

MLNASITA. 

Menaslui  is  a  pictures(|ue  town  which  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  Lake 
Winnel)a!i:o.  where  it  finds  its  outlet  through  ]''o\  river.  The  (diarmin^ 
little  body  of  water  known  as  Lake  Hutte  des  Morts.  just  south-west, 
washes  the  confines  of  the  place.  Between  the  beauties  and  advanta<ies 
of  these  lakes  and  the  river,  the  visitor  has  o])portunilies  of  the  best  sort 
to  indul«i;e  his  taste  for  fishin<^\  huntinji;,  boatinj^i  or  sailinjj;.  to  his  heart'.s 
content,  riie  accomodations  furnished  by  the  National  Hotel  are  all  that 
could  be  desired.  This  house  has  lonj^'  enjoyed  a  well  deserved  reputation  for 
the  excellence  of  its  cn'niinc,  and  for  the 
perfect  prei)arati()ns  it  makes  every 
year  for  the  comfort  of  summer  board- 
ers and  tourists,  lioats  of  all  kinds, 
bait.  tackl(\  and  <iuides.  are  furnished 
at  reasonable  rates,  and  vehii-les  of  all 
kinds  are  to  be  found  at  the  stables  of 
the  hotel,  for  the  convenience  of  s])orts- 
men  and  the  many  quests  who  yearly 
enjoy  the  beautifid  drives  of  the  local-  ^f 
ity.  Menasiia  is  lai'^cly  patronised  Ity 
vifiitoi's  from  the  western  and  southern 
states. 


MI-'AAKHA. 


NATKINAI,   HOTKI 

^  M^FNAll  AM)  ALPLKTOX. 

Besides  the  atti'Mctioiis  which  this  retired  l)ut  busy  and  ))rosi)erous  mill 
town  of  Neeiiiih  otters  to  tourists,  it  is  a  spot  nnudi  visited  l)y  pc  oph'  sum- 
mering' at  ^leiiiislia.  only  a  few  niiles  distant,  and  at  other  watei'in<>'  ]daces 
in  the  vicinity.  It  is  located  on  the  l''ox  river,  and  its  Iieautiful  surround- 
inps  recommend  the  locality  to  the  lover  of  nature.  No  |)leasanter  place 
conld  be  found  for  families  of  moderate  means  to  spend  their  vacation. 
At  the  ])oint  on  the  Jiower  l''ox  "'ivei'.  where  the  ra])id  descent  of  tln'  waters 
forms  the  rapids  known  as  the  "(Maud  Chute,"  stands  the  city  of  Ai)ple- 
ton.  It  occupies  a  nearly  central  position  between  Lake  AVinnebaj^o  and 
Gri'eii  Bay.  in  a  district  noted  for  its  fertility  and  beauty  of  scenery:  in 
fact  the  Fox  river  valley,  whether  rei^arded  practically  or  esthetically.  is  a 
most  favored  rt'jjjion.  The  country  immediately  ab(nit  A])pleton  ))resents  a 
diversified  surface,  at  once  atj;reeable  to  the  eyi'  and  favorable  to  the 
]p:()ductive  needs  of  the  inhabitants.     The  Tellulah  springs,  with  curative 


a 

4 


22 


The  Golden  Northwest. 


powers  siiid  to  be  similar  to  those  possessed  by  tlie  famous  spriiijj;s  of  Wai; 
kesha.  are  located  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  town,  (rame  and  fish  abonmi 
and  every  convenience  necessary  to  the  enjoyment  of  life  in  town  or  com, 
try,  is  ()l)tainable.  Appleton  is  t'  >  seat  of  Lawrence  University,  an  insti 
tution  of  learninfi;  i)atronised  extensively  by  the  people  of  the  state.  Acces 
to  ^  is  lovely  retreat  is  nained  l)y  the  ^Milwaukee  and  Wisconshi  Lake  Rhoi 
Railroad. 

SHEBOYGAN. 

One  of  the  most  accessible  and  at  the  san)e  tinu;  ])opidar  and  fashioim 
ble  waterinj^-  places  (m  the  «j:reat  lakes,  is  the  port  of  Sheboygan,  on  Lak 
Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sheboygan  river.  For  those  who  enjoy 
long  sea  tri]),  the  steamers  from  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  afford  an  agrecii 
ble  way  of  reaching  the  place.  By  far  the  greater  number  of  visitor 
however,  prefer  the  journey  l»y  rail,  which  is  more  rapid  and  (]uite  as  eaw} 
The  Chicago,  ^Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad  connects  at  llipon  with  tli 
Sheboygan  and  Fond  du  Lac  line,  over  whi(di  roads  the  bulk  of  the  travt 
to  Sheboygan  ))asses.  The  town  itself  is  a  growing  and  prosperous  com 
rnnnity,  havhig  a  i)opulation  of  about  7,(K)(),  and  is  largcdy  engaged  in  tli 
fishing  business,  in  whi(di  enterprise  a  number  of  sailing  vessels  and  steal, 
yachts  are  em])loyed.  Between  the  lake  and  the  river  une(|aalled  opportii 
nities  for  the  i)ui'snit  of  a(|natic  sports  are  enjoyed.  The  bos(mi  of  Miclii 
gan  about  this  locality  is  seldom  so  ruffled  l»y  storms  in  the  summer  as  t 
render  yacditing  dangerous,  and  this  pastime  is  nnich  followed  by  the  ])ci 
pie  of  the  ])lace  as  well  as  visitors,  Boathig  and  fishing  are  also  favorit 
recreations,  and  the  excellent  hotels  of  the  town  supply  the  means  of  con: 
fortable  residence  while  all  the  above  advantages  are  being  indulged  ii 
Sheboygan  is  the  county  seat  of  the  county  of  the  sanu'  name,  is  the  mai 
ket  and  entrepot  for  a  considerable  section  of  country  adjacent,  and  alti 
gether  a  place  of  local  importance.  It  has  many  churches,  a  ccmrt  lious. 
schools,  and  other  public  buildings.  The  recent  discovery  of  a  fine  minci 
al  spring,  claimed  to  ecpial  in  healing  (lualities,  as  it  is  said  to  resemble,  tli 
Congress  si)ring,  of  Saratoga,  has  added  materially  to  the  other  advaii' 
ages  of  tlu'  town  as  a  resort.  The  waters  of  this  spring  are  free  to  all.  !. 
is  situated  in  the  middle  of  the  public  park.  Sheboygan  Falls,  a  prett 
village,  five  miles  ui)  the  river,  is  a  favoiiie  objective  point  for  a  driv' 
There  are  other  pleasant  drives  in  the  neighborhood,  and  nothing  is  wan 
ing  to  give  the  port  every  (|ualilication  to  rank  some  day  as  the  Nev 
port  of  Wisc(msin. 

MANITOWOC  AND  TWO  RIVERS. 

The  fornu'r  of  these  towns,  (m  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  and  Wester 
railroad,  is  a  progressive  and  prosperous  lake  port,  boasting  a  po})ulati(> 
of  5, ()()().  it  has  many  imp(u-tant  manufactures  and  a  considerable  lake  an 
inland  commerce,  all  of  whi(di  interests  are  being  rapidly  develops 
Steamers  ply  l)etween,  Manitowoc,  Milwaukee  and  Chicago,  and  both  I 


rail 
hote 
to  at 
and 

Micl 
rail, 
abor 
vant 
seek 
little 


\  m 


T»K  (toldkn  Nouthwkht. 


28 


,  ...     rail  and  wattT,  lumibers  of  Summer  tourists  visit  the  town  annually.     The 

^  ^  ,  ,.^'     ,      '  i  hotel  accommodations  are  ahovi'  criticism,  and  evervthiny:  else  calculated 

and  nsli  anomiii ,       --       .     •    ^        •    ii  t  j.   r  i  ■        in'-  i      <.• 

to  attract  visitors  Ml  tlir  wav  or  sport,  nshnifi;.   I)atllln•,^  scenerv,   l»oatm<j; 

in  town  or  couii      n        \  r  +    c        w"    ^.i  i- 

,  and  yaclitni^  are  to  tound  tor  the  seekmjjf. 

versitv,  an  msti       m       i>-  ii  i.  w^-  •     i.  •      -j.     a   i        11 

•  1  wo  !i\ers,  another  enterprisiiifi;  Wisconsin  town,  is  situated  on  Lake 

^^'^  '\  *^  \    lil^'  ^ic^ii"'^^'"  ^  f^^'  miles  ahove  Manitowoc.     It  is  connected  with  the  latter  hy 
'^'*^^  ^        ^'^  ."  rail,  and  in  Rummer  hy  steamers  on  the  lake.     The  })o])ulation  numhers 
about  8,00<)  and  is  increasing  with  noticeahle  celerity,  since  the  many  ad- 
vantages of  the  locality  are  heginning  to  he  api)reciated.     To  the  pleasure 

dar  and  t'ashioiui  seeker  it  offers  the  same   attractions  as  does  its  sister  town,  and  there  is 

hoygan,  on  Lali  little  ditt'erence  either  as  to  the  (|uality  or  ipiantity. 

ose  who  enjoy 
att'ord  an  agreisi 

ml)er  of   visitor? 

and  quite  as  eas} 

at  llipon  with  tli 

)u]k  of  the  travt 
prosperous  con: 

ly  engaged  in  tli 

vessels  and  steai. 

lecpialled  opportii 

e  hos(mi  of  Mich; 

:he  summer  as  i 

lowed  hy  the  ]Hi 

:  are  also  favoiii 

the  means  of  con. 

)ehig  indulged  ii 

name,  is  the  mai 

djacent,  and  alti 

les,  a  court  housi 

ry  of  a  tine  minci 

lid  toresemhle,  til 

the  other  advaii' 

are  free  to  all. 

X'du  Falls,  a  prett 

point  for  a  driv 

d  nothing  is  wan 
dav  as  the  Ncv 


i(1'.hiui;n<i'.  (IK  r>.  n.  vuknch.  i,akk  dki.i.s.  nkau  mii.w  aikki; 


Shore  and  Wester 
isting  a  ])()))ulati(' 
nsiderahle  lake  an 
rapidly  develops 
icago.  and  i)oth  1 


CIlAPTKi:  II. 


PEWAVKEK — MILTON — MADISON  —MIDDLKTON  —    I'UAIIUK  Df    I'HIKN  —  LAKKSIDK  €3 

MARTIiAND— NASHOTAII — DELAFIKLD — (UFFOUD — OCONOIMOAViX; — VVATEli-  \ 

TOWN — COI.rMHrS — PORTAOE — FOX  LAKE       KlT-l!OntN  CITY  AND 

DELLS    OF    THE    WISCONSIN  —  MAISTON  —  TOMAH —  j^^^.^ 

SPARTA  —  HANCiOl!        LA    CROSSE.  i'  " 


■'    ^^ 


""V^EAH  the  fiieo^ra pineal  centre  of  Waukesha  county,  and  at  a  point  d 
-  ^  tant  from  Chicago  ahout  104  miles,  one  of  the  most  heautiful  and  w 
mired  localities  hi  the  Golden  North-West  may  be  found.  The  town  of  I 
waukee,  situated  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  Pewaukee  lake,  is  the  point 
which  we  may  reach  a  retired,  delightful  resort,  that  has  hecome  so  widi 
known  within  a  few  years  as  to  he  familiar  to  almost  every  angler,  spoi. 
man  and  summer  tourist  in  the  West.  The  comity  in  which  this  town  a 
lake  are  located  is  noted  for  the  numbt-r  and  heauty  of  its  lakes,  of  wlii 
there  are  forty-one,  as  well  as  for  their  ixipularity.  None,  however,  amc 
them  all  excel,  if  indeed  any  ecpial.  the  charming  features  of  Pewaulv 
enhanced  by  the  material  comforts  the  visitor  is  enai)led  to  enjoy  tlirou 
the  ease  with  whicdi  access  is  possible  to  every  point  of  interest.  T 
country  surrounding  is  a  fertile  fanning  <listrict,  whi(di  is  thickly  popuhit 
by  an  intelligent  and  wealthy  cdass  of  agriculturists.  It  was  first  sett! 
ill  1837,  hut  did  not  make  any  very  great  progress  until  a  comparativi 
few  years  ago,  when  its  advantages  as  a  summer  resort  began  to  he  api" 
(dated.  Since  that  time  it  has  steadily  advanced  in  population  and  \^x^ 
perity. 


TlIK    (t(»M)KN    NoiiTMWKST 


25 


UIKN         KAKKSIDl 
lOWOC, — W.VTKIi- 
N  CITY  AND 
UAH  — 


and  at  a  point  il 
t  beautiful  and  a 
1.  The  town  of  1 
lake,  is  the  point 
Ls  become  so  wid 
any  an<i;ler,  spoi- 
•hicli  this  town  a 
its  lakes,  of  wlii 
le,  however,  ani(v 
turcs  of  Pewauk' 
(1  to  enjoy  thron 
1^  of  interest.  T 
is  thickly  popuhit 
It  was  tirst  settl 
til  a  comparativi 
i  betian  to  be  ap]>i 
)pulation  and  ]n' 


While  otlier  resorts  lioast  the  si/e  and  nia^niiticence  of  their  hotels,  Pe- 
waukcc  is  j)iii-  rrrcllciicf  tbc  paradise  of  the  can)i>inj,'  ])arty.     Durinjir  the 

warm  months,  hun- 
dreds of  families  and 
parties  of  sj'ortsmen 
may  be  encountered 
■'  jzypsyinfj; '"  in  their 
Miowy  tents  about  the 
sborcs  of  this  beauti- 
ful lake.  If  one  long's 
for  a  taste  of  out-door 
life,  and  the  freedom 
from  conventionality  it 
allows,  all  that  is  nec- 
essary is  to  ])rocin'e  a 
tent  and  cam])  kit  and 
<j;o  to  Pewaukee.  Even 
the  l)()at  necessary  to 
enj  oyment  of  the  splen- 
did iishin<i;  may  be  car- 
ried, like  a  small  valise, 
in  the  hand.  Tlie"Au- 
. AMi-iN(i  (iiT  ON  piavAiKii;  LAKK.  (lubou"  foldlug  cauvas 

boat,  manufactured  by  W.  W.  Barcus  iV  Co..  Chicajio,  is  just  the  tliinf>'  for 
this  purpose. 

The  Oakton  s))rinf!;s,  near  Pewaukee.  have  for  scmie  time  enjoyed  a  rep- 
utation for  medicinal  properties  almost  etpial  to  the  more  celebrated  min- 
eral waters  found  in  other  parts  of  the  country.  At  this  ])oint  a  ma^nili- 
cent  liouse  known  as  the  Oakton  S])rin<j;s  Hotel,  is  open  durinj^  the  season, 
and  is  ])atronised  extensively  by  the  wealth  and  fashion  of  the  leadin}:^ 
American  cities.  It  is  luxuriously  furnished,  and  is  further  noted  for  the 
suiJerior  character  of  its  table.  Every  facility  for  boatinj^'.  batliin<i;  and 
tishiliK  is  ))rovided  l)y  the  ])r<)prietors.  and  the  results  of  liberal  mana<)e- 
ment  are  seen  in  the  lar^'e  concourse  of  }j;uests  that  annually  take  up  their 
residence  in  the  "Oakton  Hi)rin<jrs."  Pewaukee  is  reached  by  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  U.  li..  and  the  other  places  of  interest  in  the  same 
region  are  nearly  all  on  the  lines  of  that  road,  or  witlhneasy  carriage  drive 
of  the  town. 

MILTON  TO  MADISON. 

The  Junction  bearing  the  somewhat  aspiring  title  of  Milton,  is  ])robably 
BO  named  from  a  local  ])elief  that  hereabouts  the  poetic  John  might  have 
found  the  earthly  I'jden  concerning  which  he  was  so  fond  of  speculatuig  in 
Wank  verse.  He  this  as  it  nuiy,  the  country  around  this  station  possesses 
attractions  in  the  way  of  scenery,  sport,  and  so  on,  calculated  to  excuse 


126 


The  Goldkn  Nohthwkst. 


I? 


^'i 


i; 


■Ml": 


Mi.\ 


liii 


K  I 


!^. 


the  t'litliusiasm  of  its  residents,  us  well  as  the  many  others  who  Inn 
visited  that  neiuhhorhood.  Lake  Koshkonnonj^'.  live  miles  distant,  teeii; 
with  tish,  pre-historie  works  of  the  moinid  huilders  abound,  and  the  driw 
for  many  miles  about  are  unsurpassed  hi  the  state.  Milton  Junction  is  tli 
eastern  terminus  and  junction  of  the  Janesville  and  Moiu'oe  l)ranch  of  tli 
Chicago,  j\rilw}Mikee  and  St.  Paul  K.  It.,  sixty-two  miles  fnmi  Milwaukt. 
It  otters  <,'ood  hotel  acconnuodations,  is  somewhat  noted  in  the  surroundiii. 
regions  as  the  seat  of  ]\Iilton  College,  and  presents  to  the  traveler  tli 
means  of  ccmveniently  visiting  several  interesting  points  not  far  off. 
very  rich  and  fertile  farming  region,  this  ])art  of  Hock  ctmnty  is  chiefly  ol 
servabie  from  the  fact  that  the  principal  crop  cultivated  is  tobacco. 

Whitewater,  to  the  east,  and  Edgerton  and  Stoughton,  to  the  west  > 
Milton  -junction,  are  all  growing  places,  well  worthy  of  a  call  from  tl: 
tourist. 

MADISON. 

The  capital  of  the  state  of  Wisconsin  is  not  only  an  important  politica 
centre,  but  as  well  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  picturescpie  places  in  tL 
country.  As  a  watering  place  alone  it  possesses  attractions  and  advantajit 
tha,t  give  it  a  pre-eminently  forward  place  in  the  favor  of  seekers  aftt 
summer  rest  and  fashionable  recreation,  with  all  the  delights  of  purcl 
sylvan  life  thrown  in,  as  often  as  one  wishes  to  enjoy  them.  Madison,  i 
addition  to  its  other  honors,  is  the  county  seat  of  Dane  county,  and  occi. 
pies  an  isthmus  al)out  three-fourths  of  a  mile  wide  between  Lakes  Mend 
ta  aiul  Monona,  in  the  centre  of  a  broad  valley  surroiuided  by  bights  froi 
which  it  can  bi>  seen  at  a  distance  of  several  miles.  The  distance  fmi: 
Chicago  to  Madison  is  only  188  miles,  and  from  Milwaukee  i)5  miles.  It  i 
reached  by  the  Milwaukee  and  Prairie  du  Chieu  line  of  the  Chicago,  Mii 
waukee  and  St.  Paul  li.  R.,  and  it  is  connected  with  northern  and  nortL 
western  points  by  branch  lines  which  strike  the  Chicago  and  St.  Paul  lin 
of  the  same  road  at  Watertown,  thirty-six  miles  east,  and  at  Portage  Citv 
thirty-nine  miles  to  the  north. 

The  resident  ])opulation  of  Madis(m  is  placed  at  15.000,  but  during  tl: 
summer  this  mnnber  is  largely  increased  l)y  fashionable  immigration  froi 
all  parts  of  the  United  States,  the  South,  however,  being  best  represents 
It  is  very  rarely  the  case  that  a  watering  place  is  able  to  combine  the  a; 
tractions  of  unspeakably  beautiful  scenery,  excellent  hunting  and  tlshiii!. 
surroundings  of  the  greatest  interest  to  the  botanist  and  archa'()h)gist,  wit 
all  the  refinements  and  facilities  of  metropolitan  life,  ^[adison,  throuj.' 
her  state  instituticms,  university,  library,  and  so  forth,  otters  all  those  o\ 
portunities  for  study  so  dear  to  the  professional  or  scientific  man,  and  tli 
further  and  important  desideratum  of  a  wealthy  and  cultivated  residci! 
.society  is  not  to  be  overlooked.  Lying  right  around  the  city  are  four  mo- 
charming  lakes.  On  the  north-west,  Lake  Mendota,  the  largest  of  thest 
is  about  six  miles  in  length  by  four  wide.     It  is  edged  with  sliores  of  dc: 


shin 
stea 
has 
mak 
1 
ston 
abo^ 
four 
bro\ 
mile 
driv 
to  1 
are 
seve 

of    Si 

ager 
sum 


but 

tion 

as  b 

toer 

by  1 

onh 

van 

sevt 

foui 

€av 

mir 

tot 

moi 

ven 

whi 

int( 

the 

the 

bra 

the 

Th« 

per 

set 

arr 

be( 


Thk  Golden  Northwkht. 


27 


thers  who  lia\ 
es  distant,  tet'iu 
I,  and  the  drivt 
)n  Junction  is  tli 
oe  l)ran('h  ol'  tli 
I'oni  Mihvaukf. 

the  suiTouncHii. 
the  traveler  tli 

not  far  otf. 
uity  is  chietiy  ol 
s  tohaeeo. 
II,  to  the  west  > 
a  call  from  tl; 


nportant  politico 
iqne  places  in  tli 
[IS  and  advantage 
r  of  seekers  afti 
lelit^hts  of  pure! 
era.  Madison,  i 
ounty,  and  occii 
!en  Lakes  Mend 
ed  hy  hijj;hts  froi. 
he  distance  froi: 
ee  1)5  miles.  It  i 
he  Chica«,'o,  Mii 
■tliern  and  nortli 
and  St.  Paul  liii 
d  at  Porta(j;e  City 

1)0,  hut  durinp:  tli 
immigration  froi 
J  hest  representee 
)  comhine  the  a; 
iitini>-  and  tlshiii!; 
andueolofijist,  wit 
Madison,  throui; 
tfers  all  those  o] 
ihc  man,  and  tli 
ultivated  resideii 
city  are  four  mo- 
'  larfiest  of  thest 
th  shores  of  elf; 


shiniufj:  {ifravel,  and  is  deep  eiiouj^h  (averajJie  (M)  feet)  for  uavifiaticm  hy 
steamboats.  The  sec»md  in  size.  Luke  Monona,  is  somewhat  smaller,  and 
has  not  so  preat  a  depth,  hut  is  still  able  to  su])])ort  a  snuill  steamer  whicli 
makes  ])leasant  excursions, 

Amoni>'  till!  ])rotninent  features  of  the  town  is  the  state  cai)itol,  a  tine 
stone  structure  built  u])on  a  connnandin^'  eminence  some  seventy  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  lake,  and  surrounded  by  a  handsimie  ])ublic  i)ark  of 
fourteen  acres.  Collefje  hill,  and  the  I'niversity  of  Wisconsin  upon  its 
brow,  are  also  noticesible,  lo(miin<j:  u])  above  their  surrounding's,  about  a 
mile  .vest  of  the  capitol,  and  125  feet  above  Lake  Mendota.  I)eli«,ditful 
drives  abound,  and  everythinj>  may  l)e  found  at  hand  to  tem])t  the  visitor 
to  linjjter  on  and  on  until  snowfall.  Facilities  for  procurinji;  board 
are  adeciuate,  excellent  boardinfj;  houses  al)()und.  and  there  are  in  addition 
several  passable  hotels.  A  majority  of  visitors  ])refer  the  (juiet  and  ])rivacy 
of  semi-private  families,  hence  the  hotels  have  not  had  sufficient  encour- 
agement, perhaps,  to  c(mipete  with  those  of  other  and  even  less  favored 
summer  resorts. 

MTDDLETON  TO  PPAIPIE  DL  CHIEN. 

Situated  in  the  sanu-  county  with  the  state  capital,  and  distant  from  it 
but  a  few  miles,  the  little  villaj^je  of  Middleton  has  claims  u])on  the  atten- 
tion of  the  traveler,  whi(di  are  i'ecoj,niised  by  all  who  visit  ^ladison,  as  well 
as  hy  many  who  even  ])refer  its  sim])licity  and  economy  to  the  more  aris- 
tocratic life  of  the  city.  With  the  latter  this  charminp;  hamlet  is  connected 
by  both  steam  and  rail,  as  it  is  a  station  on  the  C.  ]\[.  »!t  S.  P.  R.  H.,  and 
only  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Lake  Mendota.  Added  to  the  natural  ad- 
vantasJtes  it  enjoys  in  cimimon  with  its  distinf^uished  nei<ihbor,  there  are 
several  considerations  that  \xi\e  it  a  character  peculiar  to  itself.  About 
four  miles  from  the  station  there  is  a  lar<2;e  cavern  known  as  Pichardson's 
Cave,  easily  accessible  by  carria<j;e,  which  has  excited  the  wonder  and  ad- 
miration of  thousands.  The  cave  is  of  natural  formation,  but  according 
to  tradition  has  furnished  a  safe  retreat  for  outlaws,  who  were  not  uncom- 
mon in  the  ])i()neer  days  of  Wisconsin,  and  who  found  at  this  spot  a  con- 
venient de])()t  for  plunder  and  place  of  rendezvous  near  the  settlements, 
while  their  operations  extended  southward  into  Illinois  and  westward  far 
into  low.a.  On  the  very  site  of  the  peaceful  villa<i;e  of  to-day,  once  stood 
the  camp  of  Blackhawk's  dusky  army,  and  where  now  the  church  bell  calls 
the  people  to  thoughts  of  love  and  mercy,  the  scalp  dance  of  the  savage 
braves  was  celebrated,  not  so  long  ago  but  that  people  yet  live  who  tied  as 
the  invading  Indians'  horrid  yell  broke  the  stillness  of  the  lovely  valley. 
The  adjacent  country  is  devoted  to  farming  and  stock  raising,  and  i)ros- 
perity  has  long  shone  upon  the  locality.  All  that  is  left  to  remind  the  older 
settlers  of  the  struggles  of  early  days,  is  an  occasional  tomahawk  blade  or 
MTow-head  picked  up  now  and  then,  as  the  good  wife  trowels  her  garden 
beds,  or  the  farmer  turns  a  furrow  hi  the  wheat  held. 


«««■' 


\ 


28 


Thk  (tOLDKN  Nohthwkst. 


«! 


il'  lilil 


M 


;   I 


IHI 


Betwet'ii  Middk'ton  and  Prairie  dn  Chit'ii  tlu-  C.  M.  cV  S.  I',  traiim  win 
the  traveler  tlirou}j:li  a  section  overHowiuj,'  with  Ht'e  and  lia])))in('ss,  and  di 
jdayinK  every  indication  of  nniterial  i)ro<j:ress  and  i)roH))erity.  Want 
space  prevents  us  from  ^ivin<i-  a  detailed  description  of  the  tlirivinf,'  towi 
scattered  over  tliis  stretch  of  country:  the  leading  ones  are  Cross  IMjiiir 
Bhick  Earth.  Mozonianie,  Arena.  Heh-na.  Spring' Green,  Lone  Uock.  Avdi 
Mnsco(hi.  Hhie  Hiver.  l^oscohel,  Wocxhnan,  Wauzelsa.  and  Hridfj;eporl.  Oi 
of  the  al)ove  is  entitled  to  jjarticuhir  mention,  in  the  interest  of  iill  \vi 
are  devotees  of  trout  tishin.t;-.  l-oue  l^ock  station.  "225  miles  fi'om  ChiciL 
and  140  from  ^lihvaukee.  is  noted  for  the  (piantity  and  (puility  of  i 
speckled  trout,  and  for  tile  thie  shooting  t(»  he  had  in  the  nei^dii)orli(io 
Numerous  ))arties  from  the  cities  visit  Lone  Hock  hi  the  summer  and  f;i 
The  name  of  the  jilace  is  derived  from  an  isolated  rock  standinj^  in  t! 
Wisconsin  river  at  this  ))lace,  which  was  used  hy  the  Indians  as  a  Ini 
mark.  In  visitin<>'  the  locality,  sportsmen  should  hi'  careful  to  provi 
themselves  with  an  "  Auduhon"  portable  foldinj^'  canvas  hoat.  as  otlurwi 
they  may  experience  ditticulty  in  ohtaininj^'  craft,  or  even  then  in  inakii 
coin'cnieiit  i)orta}i;es  without  this  friend  at  need  of  the  voya<^cur. 

PlIAlltlK  J)r  CHIEX. 


We  have  remarked  in  another  ])liU'e  that  the  history  of  the  posts 
Prairie  du  Chien  and  Green  Bay  cover  ahout  all  that  is  known  of  ti 
early  wdiite  settlement  of  Wisconsin,  comprising'  nearly  its  entire  reconl  i 
to  the  present  century,  Pere  ^lanpiette  is  l)elieved  to  have  visited  the  si 
of  Prairie  du  Chien  in  June.  1(')7!5.  at  the  time  when  he  reached  the  Missi 
sip])i  hy  ])assin<>;  up  the  Fox  to  the  Wisconsin  river,  and  thence  (mt  up' 
the  hroad  ex])anse  of  the  Father  of  Waters.  Later,  in  KJHO.  Pere  Lor 
Hennepin  was  prohahly  in  the  locality.  The  ])lace  was  occn])ied  hy  tl 
French  as  a  fortitied  i)ost  at  a  very  early  day.  The  exact  time  is  a  matt 
of  disi)ute  amon<i;  liistinianH.  hut  there  seems  to  he  some  evidence  that 
was  at  as  remote  a  time  as  KiHl). 

According  to  current  opinion,  in  172()  a  hunter  and  trapper  from  Canai 
settled  here  i)ermanently.  His  name  was  Cardinelle.  and  he  came  accoi 
jianied  i)y  his  wife.  !Mme.  Cardinelle  was  undtmhtedly  the  first  win 
woman  who  ever  saw  the  spot  where  the  ])ros]ierous  city  of  Prairie  i 
Chien  now  stands.  Her  mennn-y  should  he  held  hi  reverence  hy  the  ci' 
sens  of  the  town,  for  she  honored  it  in  survivinff  to  the  good  old  a»e  of  !• 
years,  thus  hestowing  upon  the  neighhorhood  the  very  l)est  euloginni 
could  have  for  the  sanitary  excelleiuie  of  its  climate.  Numhers  of  peo]' 
have  attempted  to  tHpnil  the  old  lady's  longevity,  and  with  every  desire  ' 
accomplish  the  feat.  l)ut  without  success ;  still,  the  environment  of  tl 
city  remains  to  this  day  favorahle  to  health  and  prolongation  of  lite. 

By  the  treaty  of  1768  the  town  passed  from  French  into  English  hand 
and  at  this  time  the  former  are  suiiposed  to  have  ahandoned  the  settlemei; 
for  Captain  Jimathan  Carver,  wdio  visited  it  in  17fi6,  found  an  Indian  to^ 


of  8( 
of  th 
Praii 
the  J 
furs 
the 
souh 
Capt 
Chie 
undt 
Ame 
most 
from 
A 
not  1 
are  i 
Fort 
181() 
is  ki 
to  hi 
a  ne 
jecti 
ing 
cessi 
flood 
land 
1832 
toric 
are  t 
cam 
cons 
kno> 
spiri 
riet> 
life  . 
toF 
heai 
as  it 
ing, 
80  it 
and 
into 
whi< 
evid 
stall 


.,!«»'■• 


ThK    (rOLDKN    NoilTHWHST. 


29 


S.  1'.  tniiiiH  will  of  800  iiiliiilti.iints.  and  vet'erred  to  it  Jis  a  mart  for  tin-  tradinj,'  ciitt'i-priseH 
ai)])iiu'ss,  and  di  of  the  ni'i<i;hl)oi'in}i;  tril»c'K.  Dnvinjj;  the  stnif^'j^do  for  American  indt-pendt-nce. 
■i))t'rity.  Want  Prairie  du  Cliien  was  the  scene  of  an  affair  in  wlii(di  a  small  expedition  in 
le  thrivin},'  towi  the  liritisli  interest  descencUid  n])on  the  i)lace  and  destroyed  a  (|uantity  of 
are  Cross  Plaiii  furs  ^^athered  there  hy  American  traders.  In  \7H(\  it  was  snrrendered  to 
jone  Hock.  Aver  the  I'nited  States.  Major  Z.  ^I.  Tike.  l'.  S.  A.,  found  a  villa<j;e  of  '570 
1  Hrid<j;eport.  Oi  souIh  here  in  IHOr),  and  the  fort  had  then  a  small  ^'arris(m  connmmded  hy 
terest  of  all  \vi  Captain  I'^isher.  l)iirin<j;  the  second  war  with  (Ireat  Britain.  I'rairie  du 
iles  from  ChiciiL  Chien  was  a<iain  taken  possession  of  hy  an  Knf^lish  and  Indian  expedition 
nd  (|nality  of  r  under  Col.  ^Iclvay.  The  fort  capitulated  after  a  yiallant  defense,  and  the 
the  nei^'hhorliDii  Americans  were  allowed  to  end>ark.  not,  however,  without  cal!in<r  forth  the 
summer  and  fa  most  strenuous  ett'orts  on  the  part  of  the  British  connnander  to  save  them 
i  standing  in  t!  from  massacre  hy  his  savage  allies. 

ndians  as  a   liii        A  v<'ry  interestin«4"  i)a])er  on  the  history  of  I'rairie  du  Chien  appeared 
areful  to  provji  not  lon^  a^o  in  the  Wiacoiinhi  Slutc  Joiointl,   the  authorship  of  whicdi  we 
l)t)at,  as  otherwi  are  not  advised.     Amon^-  other  thinjis  some  recollections  connected  with 
I  then  in   makii  Fort  Crawford  appear,  which  we  think  well  worthy  of  reproduction:     "In 
181(>,  old  Fort  Crawford  was  erected  here  hy  Colonel  Hamilton,  upon  what 
is  known  as  the  Island,  or  where  the  railway  de})ots  now  stand  ;  hut  owin<? 
to  hi<>h  waters  of  ''21,  *'2(),  ''2H,  it  was  decided  hy  Col.  Za(di.  Taylor  to  erect 
a  new  fort  on  ]ii<>her  j^round.     The  site  chosen  was  Pike's  Hill,  a  hijj:h,  pro- 
jecting hlutt'.  three  miles  helow.  on  the  Iowa  side,  hecause  of  its  command- 


)ya<>-eui 


ry  of  the  ])osts 
;  is  known  of  t 


ts  entire  record  i  ^^^  ''"^''  ^^'*'  ^^  i^*''"'^'^'  'i^'<^  i\Iississii)pi  rivers,  hut  after  two  years  suc- 


cessive failure  to  huild  a  road  that  could  not  he  affected  hy  the  disastrous 
floods  that  visited  the  rej^ion.  it  was  ahaudoned,  and  a  position  on  the  main 
land,  which  is  ahout  forty  feet  hijj;her  than  the  island,  \>.is  selected,  and  in 
1832  New  Fort  Crawford  was  comi)leted  and  occupied.  Many  are  the  his- 
torical reminiscences  jjiven  of  the  early  days  of  Fort  C'rawford,  and  many 
are  the  incidents  and  adventures  related  of  the  nu^n  who  suhsetpiently  he- 
evidence  tint  ^*^^^'  f<'us))icuous  in  the  amuils  of  our  history.  Perhaps  none  tifjure  more 
conspicuously,  or  so  oftt'U,  as  does  .lelf.  Davis  -or,  as  he  was  familiarly 
known  in  those  days,  "the  little  nisTjJter  " — not  hecause  of  his  exhuljerant 
spirits,  amountin<i"  to  dare  deviltry,  hut  rather  hecause  of  his  recent  noto- 
riety. True,  here  he  first  recieved  his  initiation  into  the  ri<i;or  of  military 
life  on  the  frontier  ;  hut  as  he  remained  here  hut  a  short  time,  hehig  ordered 
to  Fort  Winnehago  as  speedily  as  possihle  hy  (!ol.  Taylor,  who  disliked  him 
1  1 1  .,„p  ,a'  1;  heartily,  we  camiot  credit  that  he  ligured  in  all  the  incidents  related  of  him. 
as  it  would  have  necessitated  a  continual  season  of  wakefulness  and  fast- 


iive  A'isited  the  si 
eached  the  Missi 
1  thence  cmt  u])* 
1(180,  Pere  Loi: 
1  occupied  hy  tl 
•t  time  is  a  nnitt 


ipper  from  Canai' 
id  he  came  accoi 
ly  the  first  win 
'ity  of  Prairie  i 
rence  hv  the  cit 


hest  eulogiuni 
lumhers  of  peop 
th  every  desire 


ing,  neither  of  which  are  leading  characteristic's  of  our  Jeff.     Here  it  was, 

so  it  is  said,  that  he  surreptitiously  wooed  and  won  the  fair  Noxie  Taylor, 

ivirmment  of  tl  ^^^^  ^^'*^'  ^'^'^i^^'MHt'iit  ill-will  of  putev  fdmU'uix,  Old  Zach  !     This  has  passed 

'ition   )f  life  ^^^  history  ;  and  the  window  through  whicdi  she  eHcai)ed,  and  the  rope  hy 

.+  .1.^,.  ,1,- .1.  i> .,.  1  which  she  descended  to  the  arms  of  "the  little  Nig,"  would  he  shown  as 
iHO  JiiUgnsn  nanii       .  i-iiiiipi  i-ii 

1  ,,        4. ,1       „  evidence  ot   the  trutntulness  of    the  romance,  had  the   house  heen  left 
lied  tiie  seitienieii    .,.  i,,  iii         i^iiin 

1        T    lia    f  n  staiiduig  and  the  rope  preserved ;    but,  untortunately  tor  posterity,  they 


80 


ThK   (ioLDEN    NoUTHWKHT. 


are  iminlKTod  unions  the  thiiifrs  that  were,  ami,  iiuiHinuch  as  she  was  k 
twelve  and  he  twenty  when  he  was  stationed  here,  and  they  did  not  man 
for  over  four  years  after  tliis,  and  tlien  in  Lcniisiana,  the  faithful  ehronol. 
^'ist  is  forct'd  to  write,  upon  the  authority  of  one  who  knew  hotli  ])arti. 
intimately,  and  who  learned  his  first  words  in  Kuwlish  fnmi  Jet}",  that  tl 
whole  story,  oi-  rather  all  the  stories  of  the  eloi)ement,  are  of  the  puiv 
fiction.  " 

Prairie  du  Chien  at  tiu'  present  time  is  a  town  of  alumt  4,000  inliai 
itants.  It  is  the  eounty  si-at  of  Crawford  e<mnty,  and  is  the  western  tern 
inns  of  the  Prairie  du  Chien  hraneh  of  the  Chieaf^'o,  Milwaukee  and  S 
Paul  llailroad.  We  are  aj^'ain  indehted  to  the  pai)er  ])uhlished  in  the  .SVw 
■JoKnidl:  "  It  is  situated  JiOO  miles  helow  St.  I'aul,  70  above  Duhuciue,  (li' 
ahove  St.  Louis,  OH  west  of  Madison,  and  V.YA  miles  fr(mi  Milwaukee.  I 
is  easily  aect'ssihle  from  all  ])()ints  north  and  south,  as  well  as  east  an 
west,  as  the  C.  1).  i^  M.  road  i)asses  up  the  river  on  the  Iowa  side,  wit 
which  connections  are  made  daily  with  all  trains  at  North  Mc(ire^'or,  in 
tnediately  opposite  the  Prairie,  Ity  the  Milwaukee  an.l  St.  Paul  transfc 
Trains  east  or  west  are  transferred  by  u::eansof  the  celei)rated  pile  pontoi 
l)''idfi;e  of  (len.  John  Lawler,  the  patentee,  owner  and  builder.  It  bein 
the  only  railway  brid<j;e  of  the  kind  in  the  world,  an  inspection  of  it  \vi. 
re])ay  the  visitor.  It  is  8,000  feet  long,  crosses  both  channels  of  the  Mi- 
sissii)i)i  river  at  this  point  and  an  intervening^  island,  and  connects  tli 
Iowa  and  Prairie  du  Chien  divisions  of  tlie  M.  tt  S.  V.  Uailway.  It  is  coi 
structed  of  two  parts — the  pile  or  stationary  i)art.  and  the  ))onto()n  i 
movable  })art.  The  latter  consists  of  two  floating  draws,  one  in  each  chai 
nel,  which,  when  closed  from  an  unbroken  track,  aft'ording  a  safe  and  rajii 
transfer,  and  when  ()i)en  leaving  a  clear  space  of  400  feet,  permitting  tii 
widest  ra  fts  and  largest  tows  to  i)ass  with  ease  and  safety  at  all  times.  Tli 
eastern  draw  consists  of  three  pontoons  connected  lengthwise,  and  repn 
senting  a  distance  of  800  feet.  These  ])()ntoons  are  each  twenty-eight  fit 
w^ide,  five  feet  high,  and  ten  inches  draft.  The  western  draw  consists  i 
one  pontoon  408  feet  long,  twenty-eight  feet  wide,  four  feet  high,  and  tweh 
inches  draft,  of  great  buoyancy  and  strength,  having  a  Howe  truss  passiii. 
through  its  entire  length.  When  trains  are  passing  over,  the  draft  is  in 
creased  to  eighteen  inches.  The  extreme  rise  and  fall  of  the  river  is  twenty 
one  feet,  and  to  overcome  the  varying  height  of  the  i)lanes  between  the  ])il 
bridge  and  the  pcmtoon,  a  movable  track  is  employed  which  is  adjusted  h 
powerful  screws  and  movable  blocks,  operated  by  men  who  are  stationc 
on  the  pontoons." 


It 

a  goo 

room 

enjoy 

Badg 

8ecti( 

muni 

Lake 

kee. 

Suffi( 

every 

point 

of  oil 

stear 

a  fas 

there 

visitc 

bund 

room 

ings 

uneq 

excel 

man; 

nortl 

the  I 

is  eq 

from 

tunit 

comi 


a  nu 
Sum 
of  P 
neigl 
popn 
a  plr 


i 


;| 


In  ctmclusion  we  may  say  that  this  enterprising  town  has  always  occii  A 
pied  a  leading  position  in  the  history  of  Western  develojjment,  and  especiall;  lake 
with  the  advance  of  our  civilisation  upon  the  u])])er  Mississippi.  There  i-  kee, 
every  reason  to  look  for  a  continuance  of  its  prosperity.  itors 


.Jflv*' 


■'Til 


h  lis  shf  WHS  Id: 
ey  (lid  not  nmn 
iiithful  chroiKili 
iiuiw  hotli  i)iutii 
oni  .It'tt',  tliat  tl 
,re  of  the  puiV' 


out  4,000  iiiliai 
he  western  teiii 
Iwaukee  and  S 
ished  in  the  .S7(/ 
>ve  l)uhu(iue,  (il» 
1  Milwaukee.  I 
well  as  east  an 

Iowa  side,  wit 
1  McOre^'or,  in 
t.  Paul  transiV: 
ated  pile  pontoi 
uilder.  It  hein 
eetion  of  it  ui. 
nels  of  the  Mi- 
nd coiniects  th 
ilway.     It  is  coi 

the  ])ont()on  i 
)ne  in  each  cliai 
!.  a  safe  and  ra]ii 
t,  permitting  tii 
it  all  times.  Tli 
wise,  and  repn 
twent>'-ei<j;ht  fii 
draw  consists  i 

high,  and  tweh 
nve  truss  passin. 

the  draft  is  in 
le  river  is  twenty 
i  between  the  ])il 
fli  is  adjusted  li) 
ho  are  stationc 


iias  always  occu 
nt,  and  especiail; 
ssippi.     There  i- 


TllK    GoLUKN    NoUTHWKST. 


LAKKSIDK. 


81 


It  has  been  our  pleasure  to  show  to  the  world  how  Wisconsin  can  lodge 
a  good  part  of  the  world  in  her  hundreds  of  summer  hotels,  with  i)lenty  of 
room  and  convenii'nces  left  for  thousands  who  sensibly  prefer  the  i)rimitive 
enjoyments  of  camp  life.  But  the  varied  advantages  of  summer  life  in  the 
Badger  State  do  not  sto])  here.  One  of  tln^  most  engaging  resorts  in  the 
section  is  entirely  contined  to  cottage  life,  and  every  year  a  temi)orary  com- 
munity of  cultivated  ijeojile  from  all  parts  of  the  country  is  established  at 
Lakeside,  a  collection  of  sinnmer  cottages  on  the  beautiful  Lake  IVwau- 
kee.  Of  the  lake  itself,  we  have  written  at  sonu'  length  in  another  place. 
Suffice  it  to  say  that  at  the  (piiet  and  lovely  spot  now  under  coiisideration, 
every  advantage  is  enjoyed  which  could  be  realised  l)y  stoi)])ing  at  any  other 
point  in  the  locality,  in  addition  to  whi(di  the  i)ossession  of  a  little  home 
of  one's  own  for  the  summer  is  to  be  calculated.  Lakeside  has  frecpient 
steamer  ('(mimunication  with  the  Oakton  S])rings  and  Oakton  Springs  Hotel, 
a  fashionable  watering  ])lace  on  the  opjjosite  side  of  the  lake,  besides  which 
there  are  row-boats  and  ya(dits  in  abundancH",  according  to  the  taste  of  the 
visitor.  Altogether  there  are  ac(;oniodations  in  the  cottages  for  about  <me 
hundred  guests,  a  large  and  elegant  dining  hall,  drawing  and  reception 
room,  billiard  room,  two  bowling  alleys,  etc,,  etc.  Connecting  the  iaiild- 
ings  are  over  five  hundred  feet  of  veranda,  atiording  a  promenade 
unequalled  at  any  other  resort  in  the  state,  loathing  and  fishing  not  to  be 
excelled,  airy  and  comfortable  sta))les  for  private  horses  and  carriages,  and 
many  other  ccmveniences  are  attainable  here.  Lakeside  is  located  on  the 
north  side  of  Pewaukee  Lake,  twenty-three  miles  west  o{  Milwaukee,  on 
the  La  Crosse  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  P.  P.,  and 
is  equi-distant  from  Waukesha  and  Oconomowoc,  being  about  ten  miles 
from  ea(di  of  those  places.  Sunnner  residence  at  Lakeside  affords  oppor- 
tunities for  obtaining  the  benefit  of  the  various  Spas  for  which  Waukesha 
county  is  celebrated. 

HAPTLANl). 

Near  this  station,  108  miles  from  Chicago  and  23  from  Milwaukee,  are 
a  number  of  the  beautiful  lakes  that  stud  the  bosom  of  Waukesha  county. 
Summer  (cottages  for  the  entertainment  of  visitors  abound  on  the  east  side 
of  Pine  Lake,  on  Beaver  Lake,  and  on  North  Lake,  all  in  the  immediate 
neighborhood.  The  last  of  these  has  of  late  attained  to  a  considerable 
popularity,  vieing  with  the  older  resorts  of  Waukesha  and  Oconomowoc  as 
a  place  for  fashionable  summer  residence. 

NASHOTAH,  DEL  AFIELD,  AND  GIFFOPD. 

At  Nashotah  we  strike  the  centre  of  Waukesha  county's  remarkable 
lake  system.  The  stati(m  is  111  miles  from  Chicago,  and  26  from  Milwau- 
kee, on  the  C.  M.  &  S.  P.  R.  E.  Nashotah  is  the  entrepot  for  summer  vis- 
itors, who  yearly  flock  to  resorts  on  Pine  Lake  and  at  Stone  Bank  to  the 


1 


!!■   n 


m 


TllK    (iol.MKN    NoUTinSKST. 


north  ;  imd  soiitli  to  PrlMlit  Id.  wlurc  tiir  N. mitliliiii  Spiiiiys  Cotiipimy  ai  whicl 
iiiiiKin^' iniprovfiuciith.  Niisliotali  is  the  srjit  ol  m  tlicoloyiical  sciiiiiiai  to  th( 
(•oiiiicct((l  with  thf  Anuhciiti  chinch.  The  hiiihhii^'s  .»l'  this  iiistitiitii^  <'iattM 
cover  sonic  of  the  most  iittiiictivc  sites  in  tin  iici^hhorhctod,  \vhi(di  tiltoiiiiH  heffiii 
witli  positions  h»r  the  erection  of  piihhc  liiiil(hn<,fs  or  residences,  of  siirpiissii  Hearc 
iieiiuty.  l''oiir  hikes  in  ;i  chi.-^ter,  the  two  Nii^liotiihs  Mild  the  two  Neniai  lowei 
hiiis.  snrroiiiKh'd  !•>■  hi^h  lninU.  alford  m  viiriety  of  (hdijihtfiil  hindsca|  the  ti 
sehloni  e(|iiiilhd  in  other  places.  The  lishiiiij'  ithoiif  this  lociihty  is  so  <f(i,  Hinee 
that  it.  alone,  attracts  a  laritc  niiiiil»er  of  people  from  distant  points  t'vci  reRio 
year,  while  all  the  other  <|iialitications  of  a  hishioiiahle  summer  rt'sort  in  roucd 
possessed  l)y  Nasiiotah.  Delatield.  and  their  imiiiediate  siirronndin^is.  j 
the  utmost  def^ree.  .\nioii.ii-  otlici'  mi'aiis  of  eiiioynieiit.  the  (h'ives  heii 
uhoiits  are  celehrated  for  their  sceiierv.  as  well  as  for  the  excidlence  of  tli 
roiids. 

Those  who  visit  this  part  of  Wisconsin  with  the  especial  ohject  of  an^liii:  :^ 
for  the  most  part  <^'()  to   Delatield,   where  the   popular  N'a«iawi(d{a  ("ottiiu 
furnishes  an  ideal  home  for  the  sportsman.     A  free  omnihus  connects  ,l 
the  trains  with  this  house,  and  visitors  are  furnished  with  everythine  i,l 
(piired  in  the  way  of  hoats.  hait,  tackle,  and   other  conveniences.     AIhuj 
two  miles  south  of  Delalield  encliantiii>^  drives  lead  from  seviirul  dir<'cti(ii,l 
to  the  ohservatory.  on  (loNcrnnient   Hill.     A  gradual   rise  of  lieavily  eii.l 
howered  hills  leads  to  this  comniandin}^  eminence.  (ITO  h'ct  ahove  the  siil 
roundin;^'  country.     A   government    ohservutory.    KM)  h'ct   hijih,   fornieii^ 
occupied  the  hrow  of  this  hill.     It   was   Imrned   a  few   years  aj^'o.   hut  w:-- 
])rohahly  he  rehuilt  shortly.     l''rom  this   point   a   view  for  miles  in    evti= 
direction  may  he  ohtaiiied.   whi(di  has  heen  refjrardcd  h>r  its  pictiires(|i 
i)eauty  and  variety  of  scene,  sha(U'.  life  and  tone,  to  rank  amon<i;  the  liiu 
hindscaiie  ett'ects  in  the  world.     Over  thirty  lakes  may  he  seen  from  tlij 
mount,  and  thi'  mean(U'rin<is  of  the  streams  whiidi  connect  them  ari'  noti 
in  fi;limpses  of  s))arklin,u:  water,  here  and  there,  as  they  appear  and  disa]' 
pear  in  the  ciUH'ses  throULrh  (h'lisi' woodland  and  open  tields  :  no^v  liiddt 
in  deeply  shaded  valleys,  and  a<i;ain  windinij  throu<^li  acres  of  «i()lden  {j;raii 

OCONOMOWOf  . 


Ocononiowoc.  in  the  (halect  of  the  I'ottow atomies,  means  the  Phice 
the  Beaver,  and  this  title  was  niven  hy  its  Fndian  possessors  to  the  localil 
wliere  the  tlonrishinji;  city  of  the  siime  nanu'  stands  to-(hiy.     Oconomowi 
has  a  population  of  ahoiit  2, odd.  and  is  situated  on  a  narrow  isthmus  h< 


tween  Lac  La  Belle  and  Fowler's  Lake,  in  Waukesha  county,  Wis.,  1 


A^ 


miles  from  Chicago,  hy  the  C'hica<io,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  ll.  iJ.  '1 
town  and  its  nei^Jihhorliood  would  he  interesting  alone  for  the  remarkai 
wealth  and  advanced  development  of  its  aj^ricultural  resourceH.  One 
the  richest  farming,'  rejijions  in  the  world,  it  has  <irown  a])ace  under  the  sp 


rin  l&ket 


fomi 
their 
with 


of  modern  improvements,  in  the  methods  and  ap])liances  of  a{i[ricultui'^® 
until  it  presents  to  the  eye  the  pictiu'e  of  a  great  ^nirden.  every  incdi  -    ®  ^ 


'I'lIK    (iul.Kl.N    NtillTirWKsi 


:{;{ 


lys  Coiiipimy  ill  which  is  niiidc  to  im'oiIikm  n  lidi  rctiini  lor  tlif  liii.-.l>itii(hiiiiii's  mw.     Miit 

lo<j;ical  sciiiiiiai  to  the  y;tiit'nil  |iiililii-.  Ocoiiomowoc  i.s  lultci"  Known  iind  nioir  widflv  jipprc- 

tliis   institutiii  ciated  MS  one  ol  our  Iciidini,'  Anirriciin   Wiitcrin;,'  places.     Tlic  tdinuitc  to 

I,  \vlii(di  iiltoiiiiil  hej?h»  wiili.  is  dcliLfliltul.  and  a  wtlcoiiif  (■lian<i;i'  to  tlir  visitor  l>l,is<    ot  tlir 

•CH,  of  sui'passiii.  seartdiinu  uiii(U  ol  the  !:icat  lake  slioi'»>,  oi  tlir  Inaw  atinosplicci'  ol'  tlu' 

the  two  Ncniiil   lower  I' ;iiiuis  to  tile  south  aial  tast.     The  rarilird  condition  of  tlic  air  a> 

j^litliii   landscai  the  tra\fltr  approacdics  this  point,  hnitnics  rcadiJN' appariiit  to  the  scn-cs. 

ocality  is  so  j,Miii  since  i'roni  the  cast,  from  the  hordcrs  of  Lake  Miidiij^an.  nv  fi'oni  the  thit 

tant  points  cvci  regions  westward,  there  is  a  j^'raihial  rise,  until  at  tlie  town  an  elevation  is 

luniei'  I'esort  !i!  reached  of  ;{()(i  feet  ai)o\e  the  le\el  of  Lake  Mi(diij4an. 

surroundings, 

the  drives  \u-\< 

eXcelh'Uce  of   ti 

ohject  of  anjihii: 
i^iawi(dvK  ("ottiiL 
ihus  coinieets  ,i 
111  I'Vi-rytliint:  i 
eniences,     Alini 
several  dii'ectioiii 
I'  of  heavily  en 
I't  ai>ove  the  sin 
t   hiuh.   foi'meii 
'Mrs  aji'o.   hut  \\ 
>r  miles   in    evu 
)r  its  pictui'es(|i 
i  amonji'  the  lini 
•e  seen  from   tli 
ct  them  are  not' 
ppear  and  disn 
t'lds  :  now  hid(k; 
's  of  <>()l(len  }4raii 


eaiiK  the  Phut 
;ors  to  the  localii' 
ay.  OcononioWi 
irrow  isthnuis  ii' 
iionnty.  Wis,.  U 
Fauiri.  \{.  Til 
or  the  rennirkal 
esources.  One  • 
at'e  under  the  spr 
:es  of  a<i;ricultuii 


OCONOMOWOC. 


en,  everv  inch 


Within  a  radius  of  nine  miles   from  Oconomowoc,  there  are  forty-one 

lakes,  all  ott'erinjT  the  most  enrdiantinj?  scenery,  and  presenting  natm-e  in 

forms  so  prolific  in  variety  and  l^eauty  that  the  pen  is  powerk'ss  to  depict 

their  attractiveness.     The  clear  waters  of  all  these  lakes  are  fairly  alive 

with  fish  of  every  variety  sought  for  hy  the  fisherman,  while  the  romantic 

woods  and  hills  around  abound  with  game  of  all  descriptions  common  t<') 

the  state.     In  and  about  the  town,  on  the  various  shores,  a  number  of  gen- 

3 


V? 


\J 


I 


m 


84 


Thk  Goi.dkx  Nouthwkkt, 


tlemeii  from  Cbica},'().  Milwaukee,  iiiid  the  South,  have  ek-f,'ant  villas,  w  the  r 
spacious  and  handsome  grounds  attached.  The  jaunty  ili  et  of  steam  a:  of  th 
sailiuf,'  yachts  owned  l)y  these  cottage  residents,  forms  a  ])leasing  eleni.  ^^ 
in  the  summer  idyls  of  the  place.  Near  the  Draper  House  and  within  t  ^atec 
city  limits,  the  elegant  and  hospitable  country  seats  of  Clarence  and  Haii  Dodj 
Peck,  George  Shufeldt,  (ieorge  Severance,  and  Charles  A.  Dupee.  all  St.  F 
Chicago,  form  an  important  adjunct  to  the  charming  social  life  and  giivi  Milw 
of  the  resort,  i  or  the  facilities  of  visitoi's  who  are  not  fortuiii  St.  I 
enough  to  own  places,  there  are  ample  accomodations  in  the  way  of  a  li  oatio 
hotel  and  numberless  boarding  places.  Draper  Hall,  with  ample  a  &  N. 
pleasant  grounds  sloping  to  the  shores  of  both  lakes,  has  long  enjoyed  gent 
enviable  reputation  for  the  extreme  neatness  and  ]ierfection  of  its  appoii  three 
raents  and  the  excellence  of  its  riiitt'nu\  This  house  was  opened  in  iHd'j  ports 
a  strictly  sunnner  hotel,  but  its  popularity  became  shortly  so  great  as  cessf 
justify  its  bting  kept  open  the  year  through,  as  it  has  been  now  for  sevc  gaw  i 
years.  A  larg'^  numi)er  of  trim  and  rakish  yachts  and  row-boats  are  kt  prod' 
l)y  the  proprietor  for  the  convenience  of  his  visitors  ;  bowling  alleys,  w:  A 
rooms,  nnd  bath  houses  are  within  the  grounds,  and  everything  has  h  leges 
done  that  money  and  taste  could  do  to  make  Draper  Hall  the  embodinit  them 
of  a  summer  resting  place  for  bachelor,  belle,  or  family.  Luth 

One  of  the  institutions  of  Oconomowoc  is  the  Young  Ladies'  Seminiii  a  br« 
presided  over  by  Miss  Grace  P.  Jones,  a  lady  whose  labors  in  her  professi  Two 
have  earned  for  her  the  well  merited  reputation  of  being  among  Wisconsii  tunil 
foremost  educators.  During  the  summer,  academic  i)ursuits  are  suspend  in  th 
at  this  establishment,  and  it  is  then  devoted  to  the  entertainment  of  gut'-  the  i 
of  wh(mi  there  are  enough  to  more  than  fill  the  capacious  buildings  evt  wallf 
year.  A  quaint  looking  Episcopal  chapel  on  Church  Point,  a  cliarnu  perh 
little  pnmiontory  jutting  into  Fowler  lake,  nuikes  a  ])()int  of  beauty  in  t  evidt 
landscape,  providing  as  well  for  the  religious  wants  of  habitues.  stree 

WATEKTOWN.  ^*^ 

About  fifteen  miles  west  from  the  centre  of  the  fascinating  lake  re^'i  jjote 
whereof  we  have  been  treating  in  the  i)ai)ers  innnediately  preceding  t  j^  tr 
one,  the  tourist  finds  himself  at  ibe  busy  manufacturing  and  commei(  \^at« 
city  of  Watertown,  in  Jefferson  county.  Concerning  this  fertile  section  ftnel 
the  state,  we  quote  from  a  letter  written  us  by  a  gentleman  promincii'  gmoi 
connected  with  its  bushiess  in^e'csts.  He  writes  :  "  This  is  one  of  the  ■yyhic 
terior  counties  of  the  state.  Its  surface  is  gently  undulating,  and  'u\\<  ^ij^, 
spersed  with  woodlands,  prairies,  and  oi)jnings.  It  is  abvmdantiy  watci  of  ii 
by  numerous  lakes,  rivers,  rivulets  and  si)rings,  and  in  places  thiclthe  ( 
covered  with  heavy  forests  containing  a  choice  variety  of  timber,  ani| 
sutiicient  for  all  commercial  and  economical  puri)oses.  The  soil  is  li 
.and  well  adai)ted  to  the  production  of  wheat,  l)arley,  rye,  v)ats,  potato^  P 
fruits,  and  other  staple  crops.  The  county  ccmtains  8(18,040  acres  of  laiat  th 
wo-thirds  of  which  are  under  cultivation,  and  more  than  three-fourths  cana 


TlIK    (i()I,l>KN    NoKTHWKST. 


36 


one 


'It'fifant  villus,  w.  the  rt'iiiiiiniU'r  ciipabU'  of  cultiviition.  lii  ivj^iivd  to  water  power,  it  is 
lit  et  of  steam  a:  of  the  most  favored  counties  in  Wisconsin. "' 
L  i)le:isni},'  elenii  Watertown,  aptly  so  named,  is  a  city  of  abont  11,000  inhabitants,  sit- 
use  and  within  t  uated  on  both  sides  of  the  Hock  river,  at  a  line  between  Jefferson  and 
larence  and  Hail  Dodge  counties.  Ji  is  distant  12i»  miles  from  Chicajj:o.  and  '280  miles  fnmi 
".  ^;.  ?^"1'*'*''  "''  St.  Paul.  At  this  point  the  Watertown  and  Madison  bran(di  of  the  Chicago 
'lal  hte  and  ^nsw  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway  forms  a  junction  with  "le  Chicago  aiul 
are  not  fortuii;;  St.  Paul  line  of  the  same  road,  attVu-dinjj;  the  city  ample  railroad  connnuni- 
1  the  way  of  a  ti  cation  with  all  points,  'riie  Minneapolis  and  Wisconsin  division  of  the  C. 
with  ample  n  &  N.  W.  K.  11.  also  touches  the  town.  The  llock  river  furnishes  a  maf,miii- 
s  long  enjoyed  gent  water  power  at  this  i)lace.  which  has  been  utilised  by  the  erection  of 
ti(m  or  its  ap])oii  three  dams  a(;ross  the  stream.  It  is  a  point  of  considerable  business  im- 
•■,  opened  in  IHd'j  portance,  and  a  number  of  extensive  manufacturing  "utevprises  are  suc- 
•tly  so  great  a^  cessfuUy  carried  on.  There  are  several  large  Houring  mills,  a  bri(d<  factory, 
een  now  tor  sevc  gg,^  mills,  foundries,  i)ottery  works,  wagon  factories,  and  factories  for  the 
•ow-boats  are  kt  production  of  sashes,  doors,  blinds,  and  cabinet  ware. 
)wling  alleys,  \\\  A.8  an  educational  centre,  Watertown  is  worthy  of  mention.  Two  ctd- 
erything  has  Ik  leges  of  more  than  hx^al  importance  have  their  seat  in  this  city ;  one  of 
A\  the  embodiiui  them  is  a  dencmiinational  school  under  the  patnmage  of   the  (lerman 

Lutherans,  and  the  other  is  the  College  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Sacred  Heart. 
Ladies' Semhiiu  a  branch  of  the  celebrated  Catholic  college  of  Notre  Dame,  in  Indiana, 
rs  in  her  profesM  Two  large  halls,  with  a  capacity  foi  seating  over  1,;')00  peo])le,  afford  oppor- 
among  Wisconsii  tunities  to  the  citisens  for  availing  themselves  of  all  the  current  amusements 
suits  are  suspend  in  the  way  of  drama,  opera,  or  lecture.  Watertown  is  well  stocked  with 
tamment  of  guo  the  means  of  graci",  as  there  are  twTiity  flourishing  chundies  within  its 
us  buddings  evt  walls,  and  the  satisfactory  amount  of  "  prosperity  within  its  ])alaces  "  may 
Point,  a  chariiii  perhaps  be  referred  by  s<mie  to  the  (dumdi-gohig  proclivities  of  its  peo])le. 
it  of  beauty  in  t  evidenced  by  the  large  number  of  slender  spires  that  s])ring  from  its  busy 
labitues.  streets,  holding  their  long  fingers  up  far  into  the  azure  air  in  -i  manner 

significant  of  warning  to  the  wrong-doer. 

The  comfort  oi  the  traveling  public  is  catered  to  by  several  ctmifortable 
mating  lake  re«;i  hotels,  and  the  pushing  life  of  the  energetic  residents  finds  variety  and  rest 
tely  preceding  t'  Jq  trips  to  Lake  Mills,  a  summer  resort  ten  miles  south  of  the  city.  From 
ig  and  commeic/vVatertown  to  this  latter  point,  and  in  fact  throughout  the  entire  locality, 
IS  fertile  section  finely  graded  roads  offer  seductive  bait  to  citisen  and  stranger  to  enjoy  their 
email  promineii  gjnoo^jjju.}^^  .,,,,1  attractivness  of  the  local  scenery,  behind  a  spanking  team 
lis  IS  (me  of  the  which  a  very  uuderate  outlay  will  always  secure.  The  foreigner  "doing" 
ulating,  and  m'' America  lu'cd  lot  think  he  has  seen  our  country  until,  among  other  ])oint8 
biindantiy  watci  of  hitcicst,  he  has  paid  a  visit  to  Watertown  and  the  spJendid  section  of 
in  places  thi(l>the  Golden  North- West  in  whicdi  it  lies. 

^^l*^"^^'^^;  .'^^'"  PORT \(^K  CITY, 

llie  soil  IS  11 

ye,  oats,  potato  Portagi'  City,  the  shire  town  of  Columbia  county,  Wisconsin,  is  situated 
M)40  acres  of  laiat  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Wisconsin  river,  as  well  as  on  the  shi]) 
m  three-fourths  canal  which  t-omiects  the  Wisconsin  with  Lake  Michigan.     The  population 


< 

\ 


f4 


ii' 


36 


The  (tolpkn  Northwest. 


of  this  town  is  something  over  5.000,  iiiid  it  justly  claims  no  mean  coi 
mercial  importance,  as  its  lumber  interest  has  tor  many  years  suppoii. 
an,  extensive  commerce  with  the  leading;  markets  of  the  country.  Steam^ 
and  hartres  are  in  constant  movement  between  this  point  and  Green  Ba 
and  the  tratlic  in  the  lumber  and  other  lines  of  trade  supports  this  thrivi 
community  in  a  manner  justifyin<i:  the  hicrease  of  population  which  1 
been  noticeable  during  the  past  years. 

A  very  tine  water  power  is  derived  from  the  Fox  river  canal,  which  1: 
a  fall  of  seven  feet,  and  this  is  utilised  by  a  number  of  manufactnn 
establishments.  It  may  be  interesting  to  note  that  the  water  level  at  ti  gpol 
place  is  778  feet  higher  than  the  Atlantic  o(;ean,  195  feet  higher  than  L:i  lege 
Michigan,  and  178  feet  higher  than  the  Mississippi  at  the  mouth  of  t  ] 
Wisconsin  river.  Portage  is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Madison 
Portage  line  of  the  Chicago.  Milwaukee  and  8t.  Paul  Railroad. 


the 

to  \ 

scei 

or  t 

this 

for 

<liti( 


FOX  LAKE. 


com 
and 
thai 
19R 

■  UI; 


Fox  Lake,  in  Dodge  county,  "Wisconsin,  is  a  pretty  and  prosper  „ './ 
town  of  2,000  inhabitants,  located  on  Beaver  Dam  river,  at  the  foot  of  1 ,, 
lake.     It  has  an  excellent  water  power,  and  contains  a  number  of  inu 
manufacturing  establishments.    The  lake  is  a  beautiM  body  of  wat  ,^ 
nearly  circular  in  form  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  three  miles  in  diamet . 
It  is  studded  with  romantic  islands,  and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  anult. 


nun 


Forty  thousand  young  Mackinaw  trout  are  planted  here  annually,  a    ,  . 
these,  with  the  numerous  game  fish  indigenous  to  the  waters,  give  i  ,, 
locality  a  deservedly  high  reputation  for  its  piscatorial  allurements.         ,  • 
The  only  public  institution  of  note  in  the  vicinity  is  the  Fox  Lake  He.   j,! 
inary,  a  mixed  school,  very  highly  esteemed  throughout  Dodge  and  !     , 
adjoining  counties  of  the  state.     The  land  in  this  locality  is  high  and  n 
ing,  and  a  good  deal  of  prairie  is  encountered.     The  soil  is  a  rich  bli^pQ, 
loam,  with  clay  sub-soil.    Like  all  that  part  of  the  state,  the  country  li-     . 
is  iinely  wooded,  red  and  white  oak,  hickory,  poplar,  white  and  black  a 
basswood,  white  and  red  elm,  ])lack  cherry,  and  a  limited  amount  of  li 


lim 

Dpe 


a*  ".  soft  maple,  being  the  leading  timl)ers.  The  agricultural  products  i^^j 
principally  wheat,  the  leading  crop  ;  corn,  oats,  barley  and  potatoes,  lii^gj^ 
way  connection  is  maintained  with  all  Christendom  by  way  of  Fox  Lt  i 
Junction,  two  miles  distant,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  11;^^^^ 
way.  With  this  station  the  town  is  directly  connected  by  a  line  of  sti  ^  ^ 
cars.  Fishhig  parties  who  visit  Fox  Lake  will  tind  reasonable  facilit^^j^j 
for  obtaining  Imats  and  tackle,  but  those  who  desire  to  be  prepared  foi'^+e 
fullest  enjoyment  of  the  sport  will  tind  it  to  their  advantage  to  procure 
"Audubon"  canvas  folding  boat  in  Chicago,  with  which  portages  muv  . 
made  with  no  more  trouble  than  carrying  a  hand-vr.lise  iicvoss  a  held  wo 
entail.  ^ 


-IC: 


Thk  (toLDKN  Nofjthwest.  87 

his  no  mean  cm  KILHOriiN  (ITY  AXJ)  DELLS  OF  THE  WISCONSIN. 

ly  years  support.  fhe  iiei^'lihorliood  ol  KillKtuni  City  is  in  many  respects,  without  doubt, 
country.  Steaiii'  tjjg  most  interesting  point  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin.  Here  the  tourist  halts 
it  and  Green  Hi:  to  visit  the  Dells  of  tlic  Wisconsin  River,  a  treasure-house  of  the  wildest 
pports  this  thrivi  scenery,  than  wliich  the  famed  beauties  of  the  Canons  of  the  Yellowstone 
mlation  which  1  or  the  pictures(|iu!  Watkin's  (Jlen  in  New  York,  are  not  greater.  Nor  is 
this  loc  ality  alone  interesting  because  of  its  wierd,  impressive  surroundings, 
er  canal,  which  1  fQj.  connected  with  it  are  reminiscences  of  Indian  days,  and  tales  and  tra- 
r  of  manufactun  ditions  of  the  wild  raftsmen's  life  of  early  white  settlement.     Almost  every 

water  level  at  ti  gpot  ahnig  the  baidcs  of  the  river  for  miles  hereabout  is  identified  with  M(mie 
b't  higher  than  Ln  legend  of  tragic  interest. 

;  the  mouth  of  t  Kilbourn  City  is  a  small  town  of  l.'iOO  inhabitants,  situated  on  the  Wis- 
)f  the  Madison  Hconsin  river,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  K.  R., 
lailroad,  a^jj^j  ^.^^  named  in  honor  of  Byron  Kill)()urn,  who  was  superintendent  of 

that  road  at  the  time  the  village  was  located.     It  is  distant  from  Chicago 
198  miles,  from  Milwaukee  109,  and  from  St.   Paul  "225  miles.     The  tirst 
'«'Bi«A';n«xs,  a  dwelling  house  and  a  printing  office,  were  erected  in  1855,  and 
,  :  l\    hdlowing  year  a  number  of  settlers  came  in.     The  crossing  of  the 

stty  anc  p  ■  1  ^ 'railway  had  been  anticipated  at  a  point  a  little  lower  on  the  river,  and 
^^' ^  there  (juite  a  settlement  had  sprung  up  ;  but  when  the  l)ridge  was  finally 

a  num  ei  o  ''jjggm^  at  its  present  site,  the  houses  were  pulled  down  and  the  community 
^iM  body  of  wal ^^j^^^^  ^^^  .^  family  moved  up  to  Kilbourn  City.  As  ^o.  the  general  charac*- 
ee  miles  mdiamH^^j.^f^j^^^^^^.,^..j^,^^;j^^  -^  j^  "generally  rollhig  and  broken  by 

^e  lesoi     o        ix  '^Ymraeiom^  ravines,  the  latter  generally  transverse  to  the  Wisconsin  river, 

here  annually,  ii^jjjgjj  borders  the  village  on  the  west  and  south.  The  soil  varies  somewhat 
:lie  waters,  give  l^^^^  ^j^^^  fashion  of  a  checker-board :  a  tract  of  clay  covered  heavily  with 
alluiements.  ^vhite  and  black  oak,  alternating  with  ii  ])atch  of  light  sandy  soil  marked 
IS  the  J^ox  Lia^e  >  t^-^j^  ^l^^^^|.^^j^  j^ij^.,._^,^|.^  j^^^^l  (j.^^,j^  phies."  Clay  or  clayey  loam  predomi- 
liout  Dodge  and  '^^^^^  .^^^^^^^^  fouvfifths  of  the  land  being  adapted  for  tillage.  The  leading 
ihty  IS  high  and  i.p^^^^^^,^^  .^^     ^^.i^  ,^  .^^^^^  ^^j^^_^.  ,.^,^.^,.^1^^  jj^^^^j^   potatoes,  and  apples."     Some 

soil  IS  a  iicn  '  years  ago  -  .>'>,••  i  City  was  the  most  important  supply  market  for  hops 
ate,  the  country  lij^^  ^j^^  state.    ■  u'    tiie  falling  off  in  prices  of  late  vears  has  materiallv 

1*1.1111,  '  * 

white  ail'  "^'•'^''^ '':^iniinislied  the  i  <•  -uction.  Several  manufacturing  establishments  are  in 
iited  amount  or  'operation  in  and  almut  the  village,  among  wliich  a  saw  mill  and  flouring 
cultural  Pi'ocii^t'ts  i^-jj  ^j,^_  ^^^^  most  ini])nvtant.  There  are  many  stores,  live  churches,  a  post 
y  and  potatoes,  lij^c^,^  several  insurant  offices,  and  the  Rank  of  Kilbourn,  the  latter  an 
>y  way  or  i^ox  ^ngtitiifion  of  greater  influence  and  importance  than  the  size  of  the  town 
vee  and  St.  Paul  l' j;yould  naturally  suggest.  It  is  presided  over  by  the  Hon.  J.  Bowman,  who 
Hi  by  a  line  of  «t' s  also  )"-ident"  (Urector  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  R.  R., 
reasonable  lat'i'i'iiid  li,....  {,,;eu  honored  several  thnes  with  a  seat  in  the  Assembly  and  Sen- 
to  be  prepared  for  ^^g  ^f  ^  :,     ,^,,  ;„ 

■antage  to  procure      ^j^^^.^^  .^  .^^^  excellent  and  popular  hotel  at  Kilbourn  City,   the   Finch 

'  '     1         ^  '     ,'";:Iouse,  where  every  accomodation  needed  by  the  traveler  or  summer  visitor 

8  supplied  as  completely  as  the  most  exacting  watering  place  habitue  could 


'  I  mm 


1 


[ 
I 


!lf:i!l 


88 


The  Goldkn  Northwkst. 


ask.  Tlie  ])nl)lic'  are  to  n  jn'cat  extent  under  ()l)lif,'ati()n  to  tlie  i)roi)ri.t 
of  this  house,  :Mr.  W.  H.  Finch,  for  the  ceU^hrity  his  efforts  have  <iiven  t! 
Dells.  With  the  hitter,  Mr.  H.  H.  Bennett,  the  noted  hindseape  artist 
the  Dells,  divides  the  honor  of  having'  hrou<iht  the  re<];i()n  to  pul)lie  atti 
tion.  The  cuts  with  which  +his  pa])er  is  illustrated  are  from  stereosc  )i 
views  taken  hy  him.  Copies  of  the  ori<;inaIs  are  scattered  over  the  wlii 
civilised  worhi,  as  there  are  scarcely  any  rivals  of  this  enterprisinjj;  ai 
enthusiastic  artist  in  the  wholesale  photographic  husiness  in  the  Nort. 
West.  Kilhourn  City  is  connected  with  other  points  hy  the  Chica^^o,  M 
waukee  and  St.  Paul  li.  U.  and  its  connections.  There  are  stage  lin 
running  (hiily  to  Barahoo  and  other  local  points. 

Of  course  hy  far  the  greatest  claim  that  Kilhourn  City  has  upon  t; 
attention  of  the  outside  world,  consists  in  its  position  as  the  gateway  of  t; 
Dells.  Overshadowed  hy  the  greater  attractions  of  these,  still  alone  worti 
to  make  the  place  one  (■!  *  <T;-est,  within  the  town  limits  there  is  a  heair 
ful  glen,  only  the  more  cu,  ng  heeause  one  almost  steps  out  of  the  stiv 
into  its  secluded  depths.  Jii.-.t  hack  of  the  handsome  puhlic  school  huii 
ing,  and  only  a  l)lock  or  so  from  the  Finch  House,  Taylor's  Glen  cdi 
mences.  It  is  a  pity  that  such  a  romantic  spot  should  he  handicapped  wr 
such  a  plehian  name,  hut  in  this  respect  it  is  not  more  unf(n-tunate  tli 
Watkiu's  (xlen,  the  very  designation  of  which  is  enough  to  keep  peo] 
away  from  it.  Prosaic  or  not,  this  is  Taylor's  Glen,  and  the  visiter 
amply  repaid  for  his  trouhle  in  ramhling,  or  rather  scramhling  through 
At  the  head  of  the  glen  it  is  only  an  ordinary  lookhig  ravine,  hut  advamr 
a  few  hundred  feet  the  descent  is  considerahle  and  the  walls  on  either  >i 
nearly  meet  overhead.  The  sides  of  the  canon  are  festooned  with  vin 
and  chmhing  wild  flowers,  while  tufts  of  sweet  fern  and  mosses  form  fn 
of  the  richest  velvet  hrown  and  green  hues,  setting  otf  the  gaudy  colors 
the  more  i)retentious  wild  Hora  around.  Farther  on  the  dell  ends  al>ru]'' 
at  a  tunnel  ahout  a  hundred  feet  in  length,  hollowed  out  of  the  solid  w 
It  consists  of  a  single  low  chamher,  dark  as  night,  through  which  t 
pedestrian  has  to  walk  nearly  dou])led.  At  the  lower  mouth  of  the  tuiii 
the  scene  opens  on  a  miniature  lake  surrounded  hy  high  walls.  Ascendi 
the  practicahle  side  of  this  pocket,  the  path  leads  on  to  a  ccmimandi 
hlutf  that  overlooks  a  hroad  hend  in  the  river.  From  al)ove  the  suhdii 
sound  of  water  as  it  rushes  through  the  rapids  helow  the  railroad  crossii 
greets  the  ear  pleasantly,  and  the  view  connnands  a  hroad  landscape, 
eluding  river,  hill  and  valley,  too  placidly  heautiful  for  description.  Ht 
on  the  hlutf  one  may  well  imagine  the  scene  of  savage  sacrificial  rites,  wli 
from  its  jutting  front  Indian  maidens  may  have  dashed  themselves  into t 
sorrow-heaUng  depths  l)elow,  as  prohahly  as  from  the  thousand  other  roi 
in  the  Golden  North- West,  said  ttt  have  heen  thus  consecrated  to  romaii 

Below  this  point  the  river  winds  its  way  to  the  south-west,  amid  scci 
of  savage  heauty  only  less  picturescjue  than  the  Dells  ahove.  To  the  gt 
ogist,  angler,  or  adventurous  idler,  nowhere  in  the  country  is  such 


opp( 
cane 
sciei 
plac 
thei] 
part 
plac 
boat 
men 
inch 
men 


Del 
tot 
wre 
trai 
saf( 
pro 
tre( 


'I'hK    (i()IJ)KX    NoinilWKST. 


39 


to  the  pro))!!!!  opportunity  for  pleasure  or  study  ottered  us  here,  in  the  chance  to  nuike  a 
fts  have  <j[iven  tl  canoe  voyaf,'e  down  stream  to  the  Mississippi.  Every  season  a  nuniher  of 
mdscape  artist  scientists  or  loiterers  l)rin^' their  "  Auduhon"  foldinj,' canvns  hoats  to  this 
I  to  puhlic  attt  place,  and  layin<^'  in  n  supply  of  necessaries  at  the  l-'inch  House,  launch 
from  stereoscDi'  their  slender  l)ut  tou{4h  and  trusty  crafts  upon  the  water.  For  the  jjireater 
id  over  the  wlii  part  of  the  voyage  it  is  not  necessary  t(»  take  the  boat  apart,  but  in  several 
enterprising'  ai  places  there  are  necessary  portages  next  to  impossible  for  anything  but  a 
ss  in  the  Noit.  boat  like  the  "  Audubon."  For  the  benefit  of  the  voyageur  it  should  be 
he  Chicago,  M  mentioned  that  this  slauiich  little;  vessel  only  weighs  thirty-live  pounds, 
e  are  stage  lih  including  n.  sectional  paddle,  and  when  folded  is  no  more  of  an  impedi- 
ment than  a  moderately  tilled  hand-valise.  It  is  to  be  procured  in  Chicago. 
ity  has  upon  t'; 


the  gateway  of  t: 
,  still  alone  woiti 
s  there  is  a  beair 
psoutof  the  stiv 
ublic  school  bail 
'aylor's  Glen  cdi 
}  handicapped  wi 
'  unfortunate  tli 
igh  to  keep  pco] 
and  the  visitor 
Imbling  through 
ivine,  but  advami 
walls  on  either  si 
estooned  with  viii 
I  mosses  form  lo. 
:he  gaudy  colors 
L'  dell  ends  abrup' 
it  of  the  solid  nu 
through  which  t 
mmth  of  the  tuiii 
h  walls.    Ascendi: 
1  to  a  commandr 
above  the  subdii 
le  railroad  crossin 
oad  landscape, 
•  description.     H* 


1,1.1. AM)   I'OIN'I',    DKI.I.S    OF   THK    WISCONSIN 


The  trip  from  Kilbourn  City  through  the  Dells  is  nuide  on  the  steamer 
acriticial  rites  wli"^®^  Queen,  a  staunch  and  handsome  boat,  built  expressly  with  reference 
I  themselves  into t*®  *^^  *^'^^^"^'^"''^^^  "'^^'8'^^^*^'^  "*  ^^^*'' ^"^^*^^"  ^"  ^^"^  1''^^"^  **^  ^^^  course.  The 
lious'ind  other  hk  wrecks  of  other  boats  and  the  non-support  of  some  still  existing,  shows  the 
leerated  to  romaii'*^*^*^^*"'^  1  lainly  that  he  should  be  careful  to  enter  the  "jaws"  only  on  the 
h-w^est  amid  sccr®*'^®^*  ^"'*^  ^^"^ ''^  ^^''^^*"'^'  Tlu' master  of  the  J)ell  Queen,  Captain  J3ell,  is 
d)ove  '  To  the  ir,  P^®^'^'*ly  **"^'  ^^^  ^1^^'  '*'^'  I'ving  persons  capable  of  safely  navigating  these 
country  is  such  ^'®8,cherouH  waters  ;  his  experience  on  this  river  dating  from  boyhood,  and 


c 

\ 


40 


ThK    (i()T,l»KN    NoItTIIWKST. 


ii; 


!!l|'!'i 


IT' 
i'i 

i  i 


ll 


u   h 


'■i 


1.  f ; 


i  ivfli 


his  knowli'd^'c  of  it.  iucludinj^-  cvii y  rock.  eddy.  ciuTciit  iuid  bar  from  ■ 
ln'iidwiitcrs  to  the  Mississippi. 

From  just  aljovr  the  si»lt'iidid  iron  bridge  of  tlif  ("lii('af?o,  IVEihviui 
and  St.  Taul  IJailroad,  that  throws  a  span  across  the  river  400  feet  h 
thf  IVll  Queen  points  its  how  \^^  stream.  On  the  ri},dit  as  the  stoainli 
handiny;  is  h4't  behind,  the  saw  niiU,  perched  upon  a  hi<j;h  bank,  is  pa,- 
and  then  the  river  makes  a  wide  bend  to  the  nortliward.  its  rifzht  ha 
alternately  hills  and  roUiuij;  mounds,  covered  with  living;  <rreen  in  every  t 


Rocli 
are  f 
twitt 
A 
sugg 
a  lor 
City, 
base 
and 
earlj 
regie 


I.ONK   llOCK,   I>KLLS  OP  THK'  WISIONHIN. 


and  shade.     On  the  opposite  side  the  blutts  rise  al)rnptly  from  the  watt 
forming-  ])Rlisades  the  very  miniature  of  those  jjirand  natural  structures  < 
the  Hudson.     These  ])alisa(les  slo])i'  ^n-adually  to  the  point  where  the  si 
^nilar  formation  known  as  the  Pillared  Ikocks  occurs.     Above  these  natiuthe  ] 
colonnades,  in  the  face  of  the  walls,  myriads  of  swallows  have  built  tlitStop 
nests,  and  their  busy  Hinht  in  and  (iut  of  their  tiny  domiciles  lends  to  t!cre\\ 
scene  a  feature  of  microscopic  life  and  strife  that  delicately  tones  dovnum 
the  otherwise  ru^f^edness  of  Nature's  visa|i;e.     Past  the  Pillars  the  shortoge 
bend  inward  to  the  Jaws  of  the  Dells,  a  nairow  ])assage  guarded  on  eitliQun] 
side  l)y  Hi«j;h  Hock  and  Romance  Cliff.     A  little  further  on  Chinniey  Ho  and 
stands  up,  looking  like  the  ghost  of  some  deserted  fireside.    After  Chimii' wat( 


TllK    (iol.nKN    N(ti:l'H\VKS'I'. 


41 


t  .111(1  bar  from  ■  Rock  comes  a  little  patch  of  clear  samly  Iteacli  over  which  tlie  swallows 
are  flitting  hy  thonsaiids.  tlutterinu  as  they  hathe  at  the  water's  edfje,  and 
'hicaffo.  ^[ilwau!  twittering'  to  each  other  like  so  many  little  ma<j;])ies. 

iver  400  feet  Id  A  sudden  chan<je  from  the  innocent  bird  life  of  the  heach  just  left,  is 
t  as  the  steainli'  suggested  hy  the  siyht  of  an  old  wicked  lookin«i-  house  that  stands  alone  in 
?h  l)ank.  is  ]y,\>-  a  lonely  place,  at  thi'  second  hend  of  the  river  to  the  north  from  Kilhourn 
ird,  its  ri<i:ht  I w  City.  The  site  is  the  old  hed  of  the  river,  surrounded  ])y  the  l)lutfs  whose 
(i  <j:reen  in  every  t:  bases  were  once  washed  hy  its  rapid  How.  This  is  known  as  Allen's  Tavern, 
and  its  h)under  still  lives  there,  a  recluse  and  nrisanthro])e.  Here  this 
early  settler  ])lanted  hiuiself  in  1H87,  when  the  only  white  men  in  the 
region  were  the  raftsmen  who  floated  through  the  Dells  on  their  way  from 


^^ 


i^ 


i 


ly  from  the  wat 
tural  structures 
)int  where  the  s 


l.lXiKINi;    Ul'   THK    lllVliK   FUDM    TIIK    K.I. HOW.    llKM.S   OV   THK   WISniNSI.N. 


^hove  these  natiu  the  pim!ries  to  the  (xreat  River.  With  these  wild  men,  Allen's  was  a  favorite 
vs  have  built  tin  stopping  place.  The  rapids  below  made  it  necessary  for  them  to  double  up 
liciles  lends  to  tlcrews,  and  here  while  tlie  passage  of  the  chute  below  was  being  effected, 
icately  tones  dovnumbers  of  these  desperate  characters  were  wont  to  congregate  for  days 
Pillars  the  Klidrtogether,  and  through  the  whole  season  there  were  always  a  greater  or  less 
'  guarded  (m  eitlinumber  quartered  at  the  place.  Dark  stories  hang  about  the  old  house, 
r  on  C'hinniey  Uoiand  legends  of  men  murdered  for  their  money  and  thrown  into  the  secret 
de.    After  Chimii' waters  of  the  river,  are  whispered  to  this  day  in  the  gloaming,  as  the  farm 


ri; 


!M 


'-\ 


'9 


■ 


42 


ThK    GoLPKN    NoilTHWKST, 


houHe  ciiclf  f,'iitlu'rs  round  tlu'  lire-pliice.  Doiully  (iimnrls  have  been  fou^' 
out  l)et\veen  the  house  and  the  shore,  the  victims'  bodies  laUin«  prey  t(i; 
water-tiend  of  the  Dells,  who  never  f^'ives  up  his  dead.  Tpon  the  seen.- 
those  days  h^ht  has  never  been  thrown.  ()M  man  Allen  could  tell  tali- 
he  would,  but  he  sebUmi  s])eaks  to  his  fellow-man,  even  casually,  or  i 
less  s(mie  necessary  want  compels  him  :  but  lives  in  the  old  deserted  ta\>! 
whose  windows,  boarded  up,  shut  in  with  him  the  ^diosts  and  pliant 
erit's  and  l)lood  stains  of  a  time  and  life  fort,n)tten  by  all  around  save  t. 
Hole  surviviuij;  actor. 


strik 
from 
obliq 
Attl 
oppo 
the  ; 
hidii 
bush 
for  n 


NAVY   YAUl),    DHI,I,S   OP  TUK    WISCONSIN. 

North  from  Allen's  the  river  rushes  through  tlie  Narrows,  a  place  fiUfj^jjjj 
for  its  dangerous  navigation,  and  to  this  day  the  terror  of  lumbernHgijQ^ 
In  the  spring  of  the  year  the  current  is  so  rai)id  and  treacherous,  and  'g^it 
charmel  shifts  so  often,  that  the  chances  are  terrible  of  breaking  a  raft  take 
pieces,  and  hurling  logs  and  men  helplessly  down  into  the  mad,  foambittc 
depths.  The  river  at  this  place  is  only  tifty-two  feet  wide,  but  nothiujineaj 
seen  on  either  side  that  could  aft'ord  a  foothold  or  even  a  hand  graspityj 
the  drownhig  man.  Once  in  the  water,  the  strcmgest,  most  expert  swichai 
mer  goes  down  and  down,  never  to  come  up  again.  Above  the  Narnfchat 
the  action  of  the  current  has  chiseled  out  of  the  solid  wall  one  of  the  luDel 


TftK    (tOM.KS    NoHTHWKMT. 


43 


Is  have  l)eeii  toui'  ^trikinji;  forniations  ever  sctu.  It  lias  licconu'  known  as  tin-  ""  Navy  Yard." 
;  talhnfi;  prey  tot  from  tlu' I'act  tliat  tlic  locks  shelve  ontward  from  the  l»ase.  and  poiutinsj: 
I  l)on  tne  sctiic-  obliquely  up  the  stream,  look  for  all  the  world  like  a  row  of  ships'  prows. 
I  could  tell  talt'N  ^^^  |;jjj^  ])oint  the  view  is  nrinul  and  impressive  in  the  extreme.  On  the 
n  casually,  or  i:  opposite  side  of  the  livei-  JMack  Hawk's  Cave  may  he  seen  near  the  toj)  of 
)l(l  deserted  tavt!  tijg  bank.  Here,  han^inu  ovir  the  hoilinjj;  torrent,  the  oi)enin<4'  to  his 
osts  and  phaiiti  jjijjjng  place  scretaied  by  thi' friendly  foliage  of  cre\ice-y;rown  tn-es  and 
around  save  t:  bushes,  the  i)()ld  and  dreadt'd  Indian  ))rince  lay  secreted  from  his  enemies 
for  many  months.     Parties  of   whites  and   their  native  allies  scouted  up 


t# 


STAND   KOIK.    l>K,Lr.S   OK   THE    WISCONSIN. 


rrows,  a  place  taiig^jj^j  ^Iq^h  the  Wisconsin,  and  all  over  the  surrounding  country ;  hut 
iTor  of  htmberniigijo^efl  away  in  his  narrow  hole  in  the  rocdc,  ]ilack  Hawk  laufi:hed  at  pur- 
■eacherous,  and  'g^jt  until  treachery  exposed  the  place  of  liis  ccmceaiment,  and  he  was 
f  breaking  a  raft  taken  prisoner.  The  truth  of  this  chief's  capture  at  the  Dells  has  been 
)  the  mad,  foambitterly  assailed,  Init  the  statement  rests,  nevertheless,  upon  strong  and 
ide,  but  nothiiiji nearly  conclusive  evidence.  Lerun,  who  was  an  Indian  agent  in  the  local- 
^n  a  hand  grasp  ity  at  the  time,  stated,  a  few  years  ago.  that  he  met  Black  Hawk  under 
most  expert  swicharge  of  One-Eyed  Decorah,  between  Portage  and  Fort  Winnebago,  and 
Above  the  Narrithat  the  former  infornunl  him  that  he  was  taken  near  his  cave  at  the 
A'all  one  of  the  wDells.     Yellow  Thunder,  an  Indian  chief  who  died  recentlv  at  the  age  of 


\ 


44 


'rilK    (1()I,1»KN    NoliTHVVKST. 


]■,! 


i  i 


i  :  r  i 

t  ■  ■  ■     I  ■■/ 


12(1,  ot'tfii  stilted  to  residents  of  Killiouni  City  that  Bliick  lliiwk  was  c; 
tured  within  ii  h'W  hinuhvd  yards  of  the  rave,  and  tliat  the  {^a-eat  eliiet'l, 
repeatedly  told  him  so.  at  the  same  time  relatinj,'  th(^  cireumstances  df 
eaptni'e  in  detail. 

Kattlesnake  Ivock.  a  hitili.  round  mound,  looms  uj)  heycnid  tlu'  ca 
Its  name  sn^'j^ests  the  cause  of  its  rath<'r  unpleasant  notoriety,  and  i 
deni/ens  of  this  elitV  have  been  interesting,  if  not  aj^reealde,  subjects 
fonsideration  hy  the  people  around.     Artist's  (ilen,  a  narrow  and  clmi" 

injj;  littk'  sixit.  winds 
moHS-eovered  way  it 
the  hills  near  tliis.  a 
l)repare»  the  visitor ! 
tlie  greater  wildncss  n: 
heanty  of  Cold  Wii; 
Canon.  Here  the  stcii: 
er  makes  a  hinding,  a: 
a  long  plank  walk  lea 
the  visitor  into  the  dt'])! 
of  the  canon.  For  so; 
hundreds  of  feet  the  p;. 
winds  between  high  \\;i 
whose  altitude  must 
nearly  200  feet, and  wli 
almost  meet  at  the  top. 
cold  spr'ng- water  Im 
flows  at  the  bottom 
the  cleft,  rendering  i)t 
vi/oH  LK.u.iK,  DELLS  OF  THK  wiHcoNsiN.  griuatiou  somewljat 

ticult.     Presently  the  sides  widen,  and  the  Devil's  Jug  is  reacdied.     Tlii- 
a  most  peculiar  and  startling  freak  of  nature,  scarcely  susceptible  of 
scription,  but  suggt^stively  named  from  its  singular  formation. 

Leaving  Cold  Water  Canon,  the  succeeding  objects  of  interest  to  i 
north  are  Rutitle  Rocks,  and  Fortress  Eock  (vulgarly  called  Steani^ 
Ro(dv.  from  the  fact  that  steamboats  are  barely  able  to  circunnnivigate  i 
The  latter  is  an  island  cut  otf  fnmi  the  mainland  by  the  terrible  force 
the  water,  and  stands  out  in  the  stream  solitary,  a  monument  of  sc 
rock  sixty  feet  high  by  three  hundred  in  length,  with  about  half  that 
width.  All  along  the  shores  on  either  side  points  of  interest  crowd  u] 
the  eye — grottoes,  chapels,  caves,  pillared  caverns,  through  which  a  n 
boat  can  easily  push  its  way — and  the  most  grotesipie  forms  chiseled 
the  hand  of  Nature  abound,  until  the  eye  is  almost  weary  of  the  wi 
phantasmagoria  presented  to  it.  The  Devil's  Arm-Chair,  a  comfortii 
seat  hewn  out  of  rock,  occupies  a  commanding  position  on  the  summit 


Tmi;  (M)i,r>K\  Ni)iriii\\i;sT, 


40 


■k  flawk  was  ( 

the  nn'iit  ('lii(  f  1 
I'cimistjinccs  (it 


hcyoiid  the  cii 
notoriety,  and  t 
ccahlc,   suhjccts 
arrow  and  clmi" 
ttlc  s])ot,  winds 
-covered    way  ii 
ills  near  this,  n 
irefi  the  visitor ! 
reater  wildness  a 
ty    of    Cold   \Va: 
n.    Here  the  stiir 
fikes  a  landin},',  ii: 
g  plank  walk  lea 
isitor  into  the  depi 
e  canon.    For  sm 
reds  of  feet  the  pa 
sbeLweenhi{i;h\v 
^e  altitude  must 
ly200feet,andw! 
)st  meet  at  the  top. 
spr'ig- water  ln' 
i  at  the   l)ottoiii 
deft,  renderinfj  pi 
ition  somewhat  > 
is  reached.     Tlii- 
f  susceptible  of 
(nation. 

1  of   interest  to  ' 
,'    called  Hteanibi 

circunmavigate 
he  terrible  force 
morunnent  of   sf 

about  half  that 
nterest  crowd  ui 
'ougli  which  a  k 

forms  chiseled 
w^'ary  of  the  wi 
liair,  a  comforta 
Q  on  the  summit 


(•OLD  WAIKU  CANON,   DKI.LS  OK  THK  WISCONSIN. 


ii  hiub  Idiilf.  Tilt  11  coii- 
vcnifiitly  iiciir,  the 
Shark  s  Heads  crop  out  ; 
gaunt,  saviigc  lookinu 
protulicniiict  s  IVoni  the 
l)aiik,  wickedly  waiting 
for  soiiietliiiig  to  criisli 
against  their  vicious 
fronts.  After  these.  Dia- 
mond (Irotto :  and  then 
there  are  rocks  that  look 
in  shajie  e.vactiy  like  the 
great  oyster  shell  one 
sees  hung  out  for  signs 
in  front  of  seaside  res- 
taurant". One  could 
easily  imagine  them  to 
be  the  mummies  of  giant 
progenitors  of  our  shell 
fish.  Siudi  forms  and  a 
hundred  others  occupy 
the  attention  until  the 
crowning  scenic  glory  of 
tlie  dells  is  reached — 
the    Witch's  Gulch. 


.«**. 


46 


ThK  (i()M>KN   Nokthwkht. 


Here  a«ain  in  a  Hteamer  latidiiij,'.  aiul  with  some  dimculty  the  tough  lit  Paul. 
Dell  Queen  in  warped  to  the  hank.  A  footway  leads  around  the  face  .ii  of  thii 
hohl  promontory,  and  alonw  the  hank  of  a  ereek,  following  up  to  the  Hoiii-  of  the 
of  the  little  rivulet,  far  in  the  recesHeH  of  the  gulch.  Wild  an  is  the  seen,  soil  c< 
of  Cold  Water  Canon,  it  is  nothing  to  the  sonihre,  rugged,  satanie  wil(lii>  portic 
of  the  Witch'sCiulch.  A  short  walk  leads  through  a  canon  of  great  height,  fi.  scrub 
which  the  light  of  day  is  all  hut  excluded,  only  peeping  in  at  the  top  !  The  8 
tween  crevices  of  the  great  lapping  rocks,  to  Phantom  Chamher,  wlur.  worki 
the  lights  and  shadows  play  in  ghoulish  sport,  and  where  the  force  of  t  faotui 

elements  has  product        Tl 
style  of  architecture  oi  the  n' 
agreeable    to    phaiifi  try. 
and    perhaps    era  and  a 
people.  Bluflf 

is  sai 
Two  cascades  of  ((  captu 
siderable  height  and  ■  Chim 
ume    have   to    be  si  prii^e 
mounted  in  the  explor  than 
tion  of  Witch's  Gulceptic 
and  when  the  mo>  west 
grown  steps  over  the  In  tri ' "' 
ter  and  larger  of  tlii^ 
are  climbed,   the  mii  bi-.  * 
is  forcibly  called   ba 
to  experiences  in  the  Ca 
of  the  Winds  at  Niagii       T 
Falls.     Ordinary  t  a  with 
will  avoid  a  wetting, ala^©' 
the  climber  soon  tin  this 
himself  in  the  air  a  milef 
sunlight    again,  in  its  m 
pretty  little  vale  betwt  itors 

PHANTOM  CHAMHER.  DELI-H  OF  THK  WISCONSIN.  j^.^^j^      j^.jj^      j^^gt     back    HOUJ 

the  gulch.    A  rest  and  a  lunch  here  is  a  good  preparation  for  the  return  ti:  A.  m 
during  which  last  there  is  leisure  to  fix  in  the  mind  the  beauties  that  are  to 
carried  away  for  future  reflection. 

Let  not  the  tourist  think  he  has  gazed  upon  the  wild  natural  scenery 
America,  until  he  has  visited  the  Dells  of  the  Wisconsin. 


MAUSTON. 


8 
LaC 
Chic 
cago 


This  town,  situated  in  Juneau  county,  is  a  small  place  of  1,200  inhasum: 
itants,  chiefly  interesting  because  of  its  attractive  surroundings  and  tiP***' 
facilities  the  neighborhood  affords  for  hunting  and  fishing  in  their  seasoibeau 
Mauston  is  "212  miles  from  Chicago,  128  from  Milwaukee,  and  197  from  >"*s 


ThK    (ioiiDF.N    NoHTHWKHT, 


47 


!. 


f  the  toupfh  lit  Paul.  Wliito  Hi-ttleiH  canie  to  Juneau  county  as  early  as  1H27.  l»ut  the  site 
md  the  face  ol  of  this  viUa^'e  was  not  rechiiini'd  from  the  wilch-niess  initil  the  hitter  ])art 
a  up  to  thesouii  of  the  foHowinj,'  decaih-.  Tlie  surface  of  the  country  is  generally  hilly,  the 
I  as  IS  the  scciit  goil  consisting  of  clay  in  the  western,  and  of  saiuly  loam  in  tiie  southern 
1,  Satanic  wildii-  portions,  Excellent  timher  abounds,  priiuipally  pine,  walnut,  mai)le,  and 
Ki'etit height,  fii  gorub  oak.  The  leading'  products  are  wheat,  oats,  corn,  rye,  and  hops, 
in  at  the  toj)  !  The  stock  and  dairy  interests  are  also  important  and  growing.  Wagon 
'hamher,  wluiv  works,  a  plow  factory,  flouring  mill,  andiron  foundry,  ccmstitutethemanu- 

tlie  force  of  t:  faoturing  enterprises  of  the  place, 
its  has  prodiui  The  peculiarity  and  i)e;iuty  of  the  scenery  ahout  Mauston  is  found  in 
f  architecture  01.  the  numher  of  hlutfs,  singly  and  in  groui)s,  that  dot  the  face  of  the  coun- 
ihle  to  phaiiti  try.  These  vary  in  heit^dit  from  one  hundred  to  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet, 
perhaps  cm  and  are  moulded  in  myriads  of  grotesque  forms.  Black  Hawk's  Council 
Bluff  is  the  most  noted,  lying  iil)out  one  mile  west  of  the  village.  Here  it 
is  said  his  last  council  was  held  hy  Black  Hawk  a  short  time  hefore  his 
)  cascades  of  cd  capture  at  the  Dells.  Castle  Rock,  Lone  Hoc k.  Twin  Blutt's,  and  the  Devil's 
hie  height  and '  Chimney,  are  the  other  natural  curiosities  upon  which  the  inhabitants 
have  to  he  si;  pride  themselves.  To  the  sportsman  or  angler,  Mauston  is  a  point  of  more 
ted  in  the  explorthan  ordinary  interest.  The  rivers  abound  in  tish  of  every  variety  and  ex- 
)f  Witch's  Gull  ceptional  size,  while  the  country  is  one  of  the  best  shooting  grounds  in  the 
w^hen  the  mo>  west  for  bears,  wolves,  deer,  foxes,  ducks,  geese,  swan,  quail,  pigeon,  par- 
i  steps  over  the  111  trj ' 'e,  and  prairie  chicken.  Good  accomodations  are  a\ailahle  to  the 
id  larger  of  tlit  \  *,  who  reaches  the  town  conveniently  hy  the  ('hicago,  Milwaukee  and 
limbed,  the  mi:  b»..  j.*iul  11.  R.,  from  any  part  of  the  country.  / 
•cibly  called  bii 
eriencesintheCa 

s  Winds  at  Niapa  Tomah  is  the  junction  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  R.  R. 
s.  Ordinary  ca  with  the  Wisconsin  Valley  R.  R.,  and  is  also  the  southern  terminus  of  the 
void  a  wetting,  Hi  latter.  Grand  Rapids,  an  important  manufacturing  town,  is  reached  from 
limber  soon  tin  this  point,  also  the  great  lumber  market  of  Warsaw,  Wis.  Tomah  is  238 
df  in  the  air  ainiiles  from  Chicago,  and  171  from  St.  Paul.  The  vicinity  is  celebrated  for 
ight  again,  in  its  magnificent  trout  fishing,  which  brings  annually  a  large  number  of  vis- 
f  little  vale  bet wt  iters  from  all  parts  of  the  West  and  South.  An  excellent  hotel,  the  Dodge 
hills  just  back  Hottse,  near  the  depot,  supplies  every  comfort  the  traveler  could  desire. 
1  for  the  return  ti!  A  free  omnibus  connects  this  house  with  the  raih'oads. 
uties  that  are  to  SPARTA 

I  natural  sceneiv       Sparta,  a  city  of  3,500  inhabitants,  is  situated  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
J  '  La  Grosse  valley,  twenty-five  miles  from  the  Mississippi,  on  the  line  of  the 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  R.  R.  It  is  distant  '255  miles  from  Chi- 
cago, and  154  miles  from  St.  Paul,  Both  as  a  sanitarium  and  fashionable 
ce  of  1  200  iiiluisummer  resort,  Sparta  enjoys  a  reputation  unexcelled  by  any  watering 
roundings  and  tiplftO©  i^^  the  country.  The  site  of  this  town  could  not  be  exceeded  for 
ng  in  their  seasoi'^^wty  of  situation,  and  the  culture  resulting  from  its  financial  prosperity 
le   and  197  from  >^^  t)een  active  in  adorning  it  with  i\\\  that  art  can  do  in  rendering  the 


TOMAH. 


1 

c 


%^iK 


^g  The  Golden  Nohthwest. 

beauties  of  nature  ntill  more  eujoyable.     No^vll.a•e  in  the  Went  is  thei. 
more  beautiful  villa,n>.    It  possesses  Imndsome  business  and  public  l.ui:^^^ 
inss   a  number  of  ebureb  edifices  graceful  in  ar.  iitecture,  private  iv 
denees  constructed  ^vitb  excellent  taste  and  generally  surrounded  by  am,  ^^^.^ 
arounds  neatly  laid  out.     The  streets  are  arbored  with  beautiful   rees,  ir,.g^^ 
nothing  indeed  is  wanting  to  impress  the  visitor  with  tlie  duiet  and  ele,.u^j^^ 
of  the  surroundings.     The  scenery  in  the  vicinity  of  Sparta  is  alrea.ly ,      j  - 
ebrated.     From  the  town  may  be  seen  Castle  Rock,  five  miles  di,sta;^j^^ 
ioo-.ino-  up  over  seven  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river,  and  .v^^^  ^ 
playing  its  grand  prop(n-tions  to  the  eye  as  it  lifts  its  head  tar  above  t^^^^^ 
numbt^rless  large  bluffs  that  encompass  the  valley.    The  summit  ot  ti^^^, 

^^  ew  Bi 

Lemt 
alar 
and 
hous 
'his 
jhe  8 
:or8 
)ase 
Doini 
iddii 

ISSUI 

Jiiitt 


0 

155  I 
jaC 
laih 
ered 
/Ud 

lOWE 


TUOUT   PALIiH,    SPAHTA. 


rock  affords  a  view  of  the  country  for  many  miles  around.    The  hills 'igi 
Minnesota,  far  away  across  the  Mississippi,  are  planily  visible,  and  ^ay 
every  direction  a  vista  of    surpassing  loveU*'ess  opens  to  the  spectiitiY 
hills  and  valleys  covered  with  verdure,  and  intersected  by  hundreds  ^ 
sparkling  running  streams   and  brooklets,  where  the  anglers  delight 
tarry  and  the  royal  speckled  trout  make  their  home  by  thousands.     Pic;    y 
resque  drives   extend  and  cross  in   every  direction ;   romantic    sites  'r. 
camp  grounds,  often  in  the  summer  dotted  with  the  snowy  tents  of  tt)uri- 
who  like  to  take  their  holiday  an  naUird,  alKMiid  everywhere,  and  the  v 
and  fly  o(  the  expert  angler  whip  and  whisk  along  the  banks  of  rivulet  ii'|j  ^ 
cascade.     Two  years  ago  over  twenty  tons  of  speckled  trout  were  captiu-j^^ 
jn  these  waters. 


Thk  Golden  Northwest. 


49 


Added  to  the  remarkable  healthfulness  of  Sparta,  which  had  made  it  a 
resort  for  invalids  for  many  years,  since  18(57  when  the  wonderful  mineral 


i  ([uiet  and  ek'j,'ai 
larta  is  already 
live  miles  distii 
the  river,  and  ij 
bead  far  above 
'he  summit  of 


le  VVest  is  tliei't 
s  and  public  l)ui 

'  1  >fl  l'  • '     springs  were  disccn'ered,  it  has  been  visited  for  the  benefit  of  the  waters  l)y 
1        +f  !+•>.     legions  of  Ir^alth  seekers  from  every  corner  of  the  continent.     At  least 

J  . _^ -^  ^'"  25,000  visitors  drank  at  these  healing  fountnms  during  the  season  of  1875. 

The  springs  are  free  to  everybody,  vnd  are  conveniently  situated  near  V'e 
palatial  hotel  built  some  years  ago  for  the  accomodation  of  the  public. 
'.The  Warner  House,  opposite  Court  J'ark,  in  which  is  the  principal  spring. 
has  one  hundred  and  fifteen  rooms,  and  accomodations  for  several  hundred 
guests.     It  is  open  summer  and  winter,  and  is  well  calculated  to  suit  the 
comfort  and  convenience  of  invalids  and  families,  as  forty  of  the  rooms  are 
en  suite  and  on  the  ground  floor.     During  the  regular  season,  June  to  Sep- 
Lember,  the  Warner  House  is  the  centre  of  fashion  and  gayety  at  this  pop- 
ular watering  place.     A  hue  orchestra  is  attached  to  the  esta))lishment, 
and  dancing  is  the  order  of  evei    evening  in  the  pleasant  ball  room  of  tlie 
house ;  regular  balls  and  hops  are  also  given  every  week.     The  table  at 
ihis  house  is  justly  noted  for  its  variety,  profusion,  and  excellent  niisow; 
:he  speckled  trout  of  the  region  form  a  specialty  upon  which  the  proprie- 
tors and  their  chief  cook   particularly  pride  themselves.     The  comfort, 
iase  and  speed  with  which  it  is  possible  to  lake  a  trip  to  Sp.irta  from  any 
Doint  on  the  map,  via  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  I'ailroad,  in 
iddition  to  the  wonderful  and  varied  attractions  of  the  vicinity,  together 
issure  for  the  place  a  leading  rank  among  the  great  watering  places  of  the 
Jnited  States. 

BANGOR. 

One  of  the  favorite  hunting  and  fishing  resorts  in  the  State  is  Bangor. 
155  miles  from  Chicago,  and  sixteen  miles  from  the  MissiBsippi,  near  the 
ja  Crosse  river.  It  is  accessible  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
lailway,  and  offers  many  inducements  to  the  s])ortsman  not  to  be  encoun- 
ered  perhaps  anywhere  3lse.  Deer,  foxes  and  wild  turkeys,  together  with 
;  /ild  fowl,  al)ound  in  the  immediate  neighborhood.     A  fine  trout  stream 

ows  through  the  village,  and  excel'ent  bass,  pickerel,  pike  and  other  fish- 
ound.  The  hill^ '^8  ^^  ^^' '^^  ^^^^'^  i'^  tlie  La  Crosse  river  near  by.  Good  trained  bird  dogs 
irdv  visible  and  ^*^y  ^*  hired  here  without  trouble,  and  a  large  ptl  !k  of  fox  hounds  is  kept 
is  to  the  spectattY  tli6  Hon.  .John  Bradley,  who  lives  at  Bangor  hi  the  .nmimer.  Fair 
ted  bv  hundreds  otel  accomodations  are  obtainable. 

e  anglers  dehglit  L^  CROSSE. 

r  thousands.     Pic' 


~:* 


romantic    sites  'l. 


La  Crosse,  which  ranks  as  one  of  the  most  important  cities  on  the  upper 


lowy  tents  of  touri- 
i^where,  and  the  i 


[ississipjii,  is  a  town  of  1(),0(X)  inhabitants,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  great 
ver,  at  the  mouth  of  the  La  Crosse.     Besides  its  ample  river  communica- 
'  ""."  """    ons,  it  has  extensive  and  important  railway  c(mnections  reaching  out  in 
banks  of  "^'"^"^  J'\l  directions.     The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul   R.   R.  crosses  into 
P     linne8(jta  at  this  point,  over  an  iron  bridge,  one  of  the  finest    tructures  of 


it  I 


\ 


;iJ:.:'.;..T',:i 


:!!fi:l.:'m 


pm 


50 


The  (toldkn  Morthwkst. 


X 


C 
< 


M 
& 

<! 

is 


lii^iA^v^MiliU^iA 


The  Golden  Northweht. 


51 


M 

a 

o 
■< 

Ph 

H 
■Jl 

a 


P 


the  kind  in  the  country,  which  was  built  for  them  by  the  Americiin  Bridge 
Company  in  iH7<).  The  su})erHtructure  is  of  all  wrought  iron,  for  a  single 
track  railway,  and  consists  of  live  lixedsi)ans,  150  feet  each,  crossing  the  oM 
channeh  i.  <'.,  between  the  Wisconsin  shore  and  Minnesota  Island,  and  of 
two  spans  U)4  feet  each ;  1  span  250  feet,  and  n  ])ivot  ^nul  8(50  feet,  cross- 
ing the  iiKi'ni  rJidiuiel,  L  e.,  between  Minnesota  Islantl  and  the  Minnesota 
shore,  thus  making  the  total  length  of  iron  superstructure  of  the  bridge 
1,678  lineal  feet.  The  substructure  is  of  masonry  resthig  uixni  pile  found- 
ations. The  superstructure  rests  u])on  stone  abutments  and  piers.  The 
eastern  terminus  of  the  Southern  ^linnesota  11.  Pk.  is  also  at  this  point, 
and  close  connections  are  made  for  Piushford,  Lanesboro,  Spring  Valley. 
Ramsey,  Albert  Lea,  Wells,  and  Wiiiiiebago  City.  La  Crosse  is  129  miles 
from  St.  Paul,  and  2H()  from  Chicago,  by  the  C.  AL  \'  S.  P.  R.  R. 

The  first  white  nnm  to  locate  in  the  wilderness  where  now  this  thriving 
community  flourishes,  was  Nathan  Myrick,  who  came  in  1841  and  estab- 
lished himself  as  an  Indian  trader  on  the  island,  whence  in  the  following 
year  the  natives  allowed  him  to  move  to  the  site  of  the  present  city.     My- 
rick was  soon  after  joined  by  J.  B.  Miller,  and  in  1845  John  M.  Levy  came 
in  from  Prairie  du  Chien.     At  this  time  the  total  white  i)()pulation  was 
jnly  twelve — seven  males  and  five  females.    The  city  occupies  an  extremely 
sligible  situation  on  a  level  prairie  between  the  river  and  a  line  of  bluffs 
■iome  distanc(^  back  of  ic.     This  prairie  was  once,  and  up  to  the  time  of 
A'hite  settlement,  the  great  ball  ])laying  ground  of  the  Indian  tribes  for 
lundreds  of  miles  around.    Every  year  the  nations  buried  the  hatchet  and 
'nme  to  tlie  smooth  plain  l)y  the  Father  of  Waters,  to  engage  in   friendly 
ournaments.     The  early  French  visitors  called  the  peculiar  game  ])laye(l 
^jii  CrosHc,  and  from  the  circumstance  of  this  having  be      the  grand  capi- 
al  of  the  aboriginal  "national  game,"  the  settlement  wa,-.    ailed  afterward 
)y  the  same  name.     Just  above  the  town  the  Black  river  i  nipties  into  the 
Vlississippi,  bringing  down  its  rapid  current  the  wealth  of  the  piiuries,  in 
he  handling  of  wliich  the  place  has  such  an  im])ortant  interest.     Pown 
his  stream,  which  rises  far  up  in  the  north-western  corner  of  the  state. 
nany  million  feet  of  pine  logs  are  annually  rafted  down  to  La  Crosse, 
■  -.ere  the  gi-eater  ])art  is  cut  up  into  lumber. 

A  number  of  large  establishments  are  devoted  to  the  lumber  manufac- 
ure.  One  of  the  ])rinci])al  is  that  of  John  Paul,  Es(i..  an  old  resident,  who 
ame  to  the  place  in  1857.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Paul  has  been  intimately 
dentified  with  the  develoi)ment  and  prosperity  of  the  town.  The  disasters 
if  that  dark  era  in  the  iiuiincial  histcn-y  of  the  (;ountiy,  swamped  the  enter- 
irises  and  means  of  this  gentleman,  but  with  a  will  to  whi  success  anyway, 
,nd  with  the  aid  of  a  clear  head,  good  business  judgment,  and  strong 
lands,  he  soon  repaired  the  damages  of  the  panic,  and  to-day  stands  among 
he  leading  men  in  thr  business  in  La  Crosse  and  the  whole  North-West. 
Ir.  Paul  owns  and  operates  a  mammoth  two-gang  saw  mill,  in  connection 
,'ith  which  is  all  the  nnichinery  and  facilities  for  producing  lath,  shingles. 


■  *■* 


52 


ThK    (ioiJ)KN    NOKTHWKST, 


fe.' 


pickets,  and  so  forth.     He  Iuih  l)i-an('li  lumber  yards  at  Rushford,  Petersr 

Lanesl)oro,  Isinours,  Fountain,  Wykolf,  Spring  Valley,  Dexter,  Albert  h  ^^^ 

Alden,  Delevan,  Mapleton.  (rood  Thunder  and  Brownsville,  Minneso-  ten 

and  at  New  Albin  and  Lansing,  Iowa.  ^^P 

Another  lumber  enterprise  equally  as  extensive  is  conducted  by  \  f'W< 

Charles  L.  Colman.     This  now  rich  and  intluential  manufacturer  camt  ^^  1 

La  Crosse  when  it  was  yet  a  small  settlement.     In  1854  he  built  a  mod  ^^ 

little  saw  mill.     He  was  burned  out,  rebuilt,  was  burned  out  again,  and  *^® 

1875  his  present  magnificent  mill  property  was  erected.     Its  dimeusii/  ^^" 

are  60x197  feet,  with  two  large  gang  sa\\  <.    The  capacity  is  120,000  feei  *^** 

lumber  per  day.     Mr.  Colman  is  one  of  the  heaviest  operators  in  his  1  ^®8® 

in  the  West,  owning  .several   large  lumber  yards  along  the   line  of  ' 

Southern  Minnesota  liailroad,  as  well  as  immense  tracts  of  pine  land 

the  Black  and  Chippewa  rivers.    He  was  mayor  of  the  city  in  1868,  ami 

honored  and  respected  by  his  fellow-citisens  to  an  extent  that  would  reiii 

almost  any  political  ambition   easy  of   realisation.     Ex-Governor  C. 

Washburn  is  also  extensively  identified  with  the  lumber  interest  of  LaCro^ 

being  the  principal  proprietor  in  the  propertv  of  the  La  Crosse  Lmii:   *^' 

men 


mai 
drai 
thee 
has 
as  t( 
the  1 


Company.     The  mill  of  this  corporation,  erected  in  1872,  is  said  to  In 
cost  nearly  §100,000,  and  has  a  capacity  of  125,000  feet  per  day. 

Among  the  commercial  institutions  of  the  city,  the  first  in  rank  is  * 
great  wholesale  and  retail  dry  goods  house  of  Mons  Anderson.  This  i 
cern,  of  which  La  Crosse  is  excusably  proud,  does  a  business  amountim 
over  liiilf  a  million  dollars  annually,  its  connections  extending  th  oufjli 
Mimiesota,  Dakota  and  Iowa.  The  white  marble  business  palace,  t 
stories  high,  owned  and  occupied  by  Mr.  Anderson,  is  perhaps  the  in 
striking  architectural  feature  of  the  city.  Its  proprietor  is  a  luitive  of  > 
way :  he  started  in  business  here  in  1852,  and  has  since  succeeded  in  Im: 
ing  up  a  business  that  entitles  him  to  the  flattering  designation  by  wk 
he  is  known  through  the  North-West,  "the  dry  goods  jmnce  of  La  Cms- 
In  addition  to  the  concerns  we  have  mentioned,  there  are  many  otlni'> 
c()nsideral)le  importance  which  we  have  not  space  to  notice  in  detail.  T 
manufactures  of  leather,  flour,  agricultural  implements  and  machinei y 
extensively  carried  on. 

A  number  of  elegant  churches,  schools,  county,  city,  and  other  ptu 
buildings,  strongly  evidence  the  general  wealth,  culture,  and  public  s^ 
that  make  La  Crosse  the  delightful  place  for  business  and  residence  i 
it  is.  The  private  houses,  many  of  them,  are  homes  that  for  tastt 
structure  aiul  appointment  are  not  to  be  exceeded  in  the  metropolis.  II 
accomodations  in  such  a  commercial  and  industrial  center  could  not 
to  be  good.  The  leading  hotel,  the  Bobbins  House,  is  everything,' t 
could  be  desired  in  the  way  of  comfort,  elegance,  and  convenience  to 
leading  trade  localities.  A  generous  table,  ample  stables,  airy  and  lia 
somely  furnished  rooms,  afford  every  facility  td  the  tourist  or  business  ii 
that  any  unexceptionable  hotel  can. 


the  ( 
edge 
and 
acco 


ThK    (4t)Ll)EN    NoKTHWKST. 


53 


ushford,  Petersi  Amoiif?  the  institutions  of  this  city  nuiy  be  mentioned  the  La- 
)exter  Albert  L  Crosse  Business  College.  Having'  been  founded  here  a  httle  more  than 
sville  Minneso'  ^^^  years  ago,  under  the  most  adverse  circumstances  and  a{2[ainst  the 
expressed  opinion  of  many  who  feared  for  its  success,  and  throup;h  its 
conducted  bv  y  ^^^^  management  and  thoroughly  practical  course  it  rapidly  advanced 
lufacturer  camt  ^^  public  favor.  Of  ins  'ruction  it  soon  l>ecame  the  leading  institution 
he  built  a  modt  ^^  ^*^  ^^""^  northwest  of  Chicago,  hoth  in  point  of  nimibers  and 
I  out  aeain  and  *^®  success  of  its  graduates.  In  the  states  of  Missouri,  Minnesota 
1  Its  dimensii  ^^^  Iowa,  it  lias  su])])Hed  so  many  business  houses  with  account- 
. '  •  -lOQ  QQQ  f(,(,t  ants,  tliat  its  name  is  a  household  word ;  while  to  some  other  col- 
r,.o+r.va  in  liitt  1  leges  of  the  surrounding  country  it  has  supplied  teachers  of  the  art  of  pen- 

eiclXOIb    111    llln  J.  ■    1  ,  1       £■  1  J.-  ii   • 

the   line  of  t  nianshrp.     Now.  without  a  %vor(l  oi  explanaticm  this  may  seem  an  over- 

,       .     •       ^1   drawn  statement,  but  with  the  ex])lanati()n  that  discarding  the  idea  that 

■f    in  18(58  •UKi  theory  was  enough  to  secure  success  in  teaching  book-keeping,  this  college 

,  , ,    ,     1 1' ,.  ,   has  kept  itnirtiral  hoolc-hanwrn — those  who  have  followed  it  as  a  business — 

it  that  would  rciii       ,       v        •     ,,  •  i  i        ^        +  +•     i        i-  ^       • 

F    C    •  rnor  ('    *^  teachers  m  the  commercial  department ;  practical  working  operators  in 

,        i.    t-T    /'      the  telegrai)h  department ;  practicing  lawyers  as  instructors  in  ccmimercial 
nterestot  Latniv  i  -i     i     \      i        •     -^    ix  /       ^        -  •       •    .,  •    i 

T     C '    s    T  uui'   ^^'  ^  '  teachers  m  its  literary  department,  paying  m  tins  depart- 

,_^'  .         -1  A    1   ment  a  higliei- salary  than  is  paid  to  the  majoritv  of  college  professors  of 
172,  is  said  to  h  ,   ,     ^i  .      ,  ,  c  -i    i  ,\    ^        \-    ^  ^        ^ 

I  the  state,  thus  securing  to  each  one  ot  its  branches  that  ])ractical  knowl- 

it  per  day.  .  .    J^,.  .  i-     i,\  .•       i 

,.    ,  .  1    •     edge  so  necessary  m  tittnig  voung  men  and  women  tor  the  counting  house 

first  m  rank  is '      ^  .7  ^  .        ^-  ^ 

nderson.  This  r 
^isiness  amountim 
dending  th  oupli' 
usiness  palace,  I 
s  perhaps  the  m 
:)r  is  a  native  of  ^ 
e  succeeded  in  bin 
esignation  by  wli. 
prince  of  La  Cms- 
are  many  others 
lotice  in  detail.  1 
ts  and  machinery 


and  school  room. 
accounted  for. 


With  this  explanation,   its  immense  success  is  easily 


ty,  and  other  pu 
re,  and  public  s[ 
i  and  residence  t: 
les  that  for  tastt 
he  metropolis.  II 
center  could  not 
3,  is  everything  t 
\  convenience  to 
ibles,  airy  and  Iki 
)uri8t  or  business  1 


MILnAUtiES  L.  l(i.-tb6.C0. 

LA     CJtOSWj;    Bl'HINKSS   COLLBGK. 


CHAl'TKU  III. 


SKETCH    OF    MINNESOTA  —  WINONA  —  WAliASHA  —  LAKE    PEI'IN--FRONTENAC — RED 

WING — HASTINGS — ST.    PAUL — FORT    SNELLING— JIINNEHAHA    FALLS — 

MINNEAPOLIS  —  LAKE     MINNETONKA — WHITE    PEAU    LAKE  — 

DULUTH  —  FARIBAULT  —  XORTHFIELD  —  AISTI};. 


1^0  a  greater  extent  than  any  other  the  state  of  Minnesota  is  a  close 
c'onnet'tin<i;  link  between  the  civilisation  of  this  country  and  a  past 
under  conditions  of  umnitiguted  savapjery.  But  a  few  years  ago  compara- 
tively, and  Minnesota  was  still  a  wilderness.  At  as  late  a  period  as  18H8 
the  Indians  were  still  strong  enough  to  perpetrate  the  massacre  at  New 
Ulm,  and  to  ravage  a  good  part  of  the  commonwealth.  That  was  only  a 
matter  of  fifteen  years  ago,  but  times  have  changed  wonderfully  in  the  rich, 
fast-settling  state  since  then,  and  the  theatre  of  strife  with  the  aborigines 
is  transferred  to  localities  far  westward. 

Minnesota  has  been  the  lode  star  of  adventui^rs  from  the  world  over 
for  two  centuries.  Even  when  the  first  inklings  of  our  north-western 
geography  began  to  dawn  upon  the  Jesuit  fathers  ai  d  their  co-laborers  in 
the  exploration  of  the  lakes  and  the  Mississippi,  th(  beautiful  land  beyond 
the  great  river  tired  the  imaginations  of  early  Canadian  settlers,  and  even 
Euro])e  grew  interested  in  the  far  north-western  country,  as  tales  of  its 
w(mderful  soil,  climate  and  scenery  were  carried  l)ack  to  the  outposts  of 
white  civilisation.  Father  Menard,  a  Jesuit  missionary,  while  crossing  the 
Kewaunee  peninsula  in  1658,  became  lost  in  the  dense  forest.  His  fate 
can  only  be  conjectured,  but  he  was  no  doubt  tortured  to  death  by  the 
natives,  as  his  cassock  and  breviary  were  found  among  the  Dakotas  many 
years  afterward,  preserved  as  "medicin*'  charms."  This  devoted  priest 
has,  therefore,  the  triple  crown  of  having  been  the  first  white  man,  the 
first  Christian  missionary,  and  the  first  martyr  in  the  history  of  Minnesota. 
In  1680,  Father  Hennepin,  already  often  referred  to  in  these  pages,  christ- 
ened the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  with  the  name  of  his  patron  saint,  and  the 
same  locality  was  the  scene  of  his  captivity  among  the  Dakotas.     Within 


The  (tolden  Northwest. 


55 


ft  few  years  the  romantic  liaroii  LaHoutaii  visited  the  territory,  which  he 
afterward  introduced  to  the  attention  of  the  Ohl  Worhl  throui(h  his  ^ao- 
^naphical  romance  "  La  ].onj,Mie  IJeviere."  La  Sueur,  in  1700,  navigated 
the  St.  Peter's  as  far  as  the  Bhie  Eartli,  huihhng  a  log  fort,  which  he  called 
L'Hullier,  (m  the  hanks  of  the  Mankato.  To  this  pioneer  is  ascrihed  the 
honor  of  having  ttrst  of  our  race  hroken  the  soil  of  Miiniesota  for  cultiva- 
tion. Captain  Jonathan  Carver,  in  the  year  of  American  indepedence, 
hrings  the  record  of  white  exploration  down  to  the  present  century.  Zehu- 
lon  Pike  puhlished  a  narrau.ni  of  his  share  in  the  lahors  of  the  expedition 
to  the  Upper  Mississipi  (1802),  and  later  the  luimes  of  Cass,  Schoolcraft, 
Nicollet  and  Fremont,  Keating,  and  Long  are  identified  with  the  opening 
up  of  this  glorious  empire  to  cultivation  and  commerce. 

Before  the  admission  of  Wisconsin  as  a  state,  all  that  portion  of  Min- 
nesota east  of  the  Mississippi  river  helonged  to  the  territory  of  Wisconsin. 
AVlien,  however,  that  event  happened  the  people  of  the  young  territory  were 
left  for  a  time  without  a  government,  hut  the  Hon.  John  Catlin,  Secretary 
of  the  territory  of  Wisconsin,  assumed  the  governorship,  the  late  governor 
having  accepted  office  under  the  state  organization,  and  held  elections  for 
delegates  to  Congress,  who  were  admitted.  The  territory  of  Minnesota  was 
created  hy  act  of  Congress  March  8,  1849,  and  ii  few  days  afterwards  Gen- 
eral Taylor,  whose  presidential  term  had  commenced  the  day  after  the  hill 
was  passed,  organised  a  territorial  government  hy  appointing  the  following 
officers:  Alexander  Ramsey.  Governor;  C.  K.  Smith,  Secretary;  A. 
Goodrich,  Chief  Justice  ;  and  B.  B.  Meeher  and  David  Cooper,  Associate 
Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  ^linnesota ;  H.  L.  Moss,  District  Attor- 
ney, and  Joshua  H.  Taylor,  V.  S.  Marshal. 

The  region  covered  hy  the  act  organising  the  territory  of  Minnesota,  is 
in  extent  ahout  four  times  as  large  as  the  area  of  Ohio.  It  extends  from 
the  Mississippi  and  St.  Croix  rivers,  and  the  western  extremity  of  Lake 
Superior  to  the  Missouri  and  White  Earth  rivers  on  the  west,  a  distance 
of  over  400  miles ;  from  the  Iowa  line  (latitude  43  deg.  30  min.)  on  the 
south,  to  the  British  line  (latitude  41)  deg.)  on  the  north,  also  a  distance  of 
over  400  miles — the  whole  comprising  an  area  of  1()(),000  square  miles,  or 
10t),000,000  acres.  At  one  point  along  the  northern  houndary,  viz. :  Lake 
of  the  Woods,  the  line  extends  to  50  deg.— a  fact  not  generally  known- 
while  on  the  southwestern  ])art  it  extends  for  seventy  miles  helow  the  Iowa 
line  to  the  junction  of  the  Missouri  and  Sioux  rivers,  in  latitude  42  deg.  30 
min. ;  thus  running  through  seven  and  a  half  degrees  latitude,  or  a  distance 
due  north  of  525  miles. 

"Almost  the  whole  of  this  is  a  tine,  rolling  prairie  of  rich  soil,  a  sandy 
loam,  adapted  to  the  short  summers  of  the  climate,  and  which  produce 
hounteously,  nay  luxuriantly.  The  surface  of  the  country,  excepting  the 
Missouri  plains,  is  interspersed  with  numerous  heautiful  lakes  of  fresli 
water— ahounding  in  the  finest  tisli,  and  their  hanks  covered  with  a  tine 


M 


56 


The  Golden  Nouthweht. 


growth  of  woodland.  The  hind  is  ahont  iMiually  (Uvidod  hetween  oak  open- 
ings and  imiirieH,  the  whole  well  watered  by  ninncrcns  streaniH  navigable 
for  HteanierH."* 

During  the  few  years  tliat  have  elapsed  since  Minnesota  came  into 
political  being,  vast  (dianges  have  occinied  within  and  without  her  borders. 
Rich  cities  line  the  banks  of  her  rivers.  The  great  Mississippi  rising  in 
one  her  own  lakes,  Itasca,  flows  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  its  surface  unceas- 
ingly tormented  by  the  buffetings  of  numberless  paddle  wheels,  that  move 
the  commerce  of  an  empire.  Far  reaching  iron  arms  stretch  out  from 
her  centers,  gathering  to  hvv  stcuvhouses  the  wealth  of  a  vast  region,  and 
bringing  to  her  borders  the  peo})le  of  the  world.  Far  to  the  northwest  even 
of  Minnesota  the  tide  of  emigration  has  set,  while  the  country  westward  is 
rapidly  filling  u])  with  settlers.  (Jreat  as  is  the  present  importance  of  the 
North  Star  State,  productively,  connnercially,  and  politically,  it  is  as  noth- 
hig  cimipared  with  what  it  nmst  l)ec()me  when  the  promise  of  the  future 
great  empire  of  the  Golden  Northwest  shall  have  been  fulfilled. 

WINONA. 

Winona,  named  for  the  beautiful  Indian  maiden  of  the  local  legend 
which  has  been  immortally  preserved  by  the  pen  of  Longfellow  and  others, 
lies  on  the  western  shore  of  the  Mississii)pi  river,  on  a  broad  expanse  of 
prairie.  Like  many,  indeed  almost  all  imi)()rtant  ])oints  in  the  North  Star 
State,  it  is  famous  for  the  salubrity  of  its  climate,  invalids  Hocking  hert' 
from  every  quarter  of  the  country.  (Generally  known  as  the  Queen  City  of 
Minnesota,  the  town  has  many  claims  to  the  title.  The  largest  city  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  state,  it  is  favored  in  being  one  of  the  leading  grain 
markets  of  the  Golden  North-West.  Added  to  this  it  is  the  seat  of  the 
State  Normal  School,  an  institution  noted  for  its  educational  advantages. 
The  surroundings  of  Winona  are  delightful,  but  the  tourist  must  journey 
a  little  before  finding  the  hotel  facilities  necessary  to  au  enjoyU'  nt  of  the 
lovely  region  around.  These  will  be  found  near  by,  and  the  reader  will 
read  of  them  in  the  following  papers. 

WABASHA. 

Stopping  in  the  wealthy  modern  city  of  St.  Paul,  and  glancing  over  its 
princely  places,  its  great  warehouses  and  broad  business  thoroughfares, 
the  traveler  would  scarcely  imagine  that  witliin  seventy  miles  the  wildest 
scenes  of  nature  could  be  encountered,  and  all  the  excitements  of  frontier 
life  enjoyed.  Yet  the  lovely  resort  and  hunting  ground  of  Wabasha  is  only 
that  far  away  from  the  capital.  Opposite  from  the  mouth  of  the  Chippewa 
river,  and  at  the  southern  limit  of  Lake  Pepin,  this  point  combines  natural 
attractions  and  commercial  advantages  with  considerations  of  the  greatest 
historical  interest.  As  to  the  former,  there  is  the  navigation  of  the  upper 
Mississippi,  and  the  trafHc  on  the  Chippewa,  navigable  for  steamers  for 
ninety  miles  from  its  mouth.     And  as  to  the  latter,  here  it  is  that  the  cap- 

*Mi»iie8()ta  and  its  Kosouict's. 


ThK  (t()I,|)F,N   Nouthwkst. 


o7 


ital  of  the  Krent  Sioux  imtion  exisU'd  for  (••■iittirit's  before  the  i)tile  faee  of 
tlie  European  arrived  to  (hsturh  the  sava^'e  rule  of  the  red  man.  All  the 
jrrand  eouncils  of  the  various  trihes  included  in  this  confederation  as  a 
fannly,  were  gathered  tojrether  here  ])eriodically.  Amhasnadors  from 
natioiiH  far  distant  were  recn-ived  and  feasted  nnich  as  civilised  people  re- 
ceive iim\  Jftc  such  functicmaries  now.  At  W'ahasha  the  wij,'wam  of  the 
j-rand  sachem  was  located,  and  from  this  point  radiated  the  fV()vernmental 
administration,  such  as  it  was,  of  the  Sioux  or  Dakota  Indians. 

lint  about  the  ancient  Indian  cai)ital  traces  of  a  still  older  race  exist, 
and  the  ardueologist  may  iind  at  this  place  ani])le  opportunities  for  the 
pursuit  of  his  special  science.  As  in  other  localities  alon<,'  the  :Mississippi. 
the  Mound  Jiuilders  have  left  here  the  traces  of  their  handiwork.  Hundreds 
of  mounds  surround  the  present  city,  invitinf,^  the  curious  to  delve  into  their 
depths  and  unearth  the  hidden  historical  treasures  that  must  lie  there 
buried. 

The  vicinity  is  the  point  of  entrance  for  numerous  steamers  into  the 
Mississippi,  and  besides  the  Cliii)pewa,  already  referred  to,  the  Tombia  and 
many  smaller  streams  discharge  near  here  their  wealth  of  crystal  tri])ute 
to  the  Father  of  Waters.  Everything  calculated  to  entrance  the  sports- 
man, angler,  or  idler,  is  spread  out  here  with  the  profusion  only  known  to 
bounteous  Nature.  Game  fish  of  all  varieties,  and  wild  fowl,  together  with 
deer,  elk,  foxes,  wolves,  and  other  game  in  plenty,  make  the  neighborhood 
of  Wabasha  the  paradise  of  the  hunter  and  fisher. 

From  the  summit  of  the  bluffs  that  rise  l)ack  of  the  town,  the  view  is 
gained  of  Pepin  and  the  contiguous  country,  a  landscape,  including  points- 
and  beauties,  to  be  discussed  in  succeeding  numbers. 


I    I 


>  ; 


% 


n-x 


ir 


LAKE  PEPIN. 

We  leave  the  bright  little  town  of  Wabasha,  rich  in  its  history,  as  the 
capital  city  of  the  Sioux  Kings,  long  before  the  restless,  l)usy  Anglo-Saxon 
with  his  iron  horses,  and  puffing,  smoking  marine  monsters  came  to  dis- 
turb the  quiet  of  the  land  and  waters  of  Minnesota.  We  leave  it  with  re- 
gret, softened  by  anticipations  of  a  feast  to  the  eye  and  mind,  the  glories 
of  which  have  been  painted  in  rosy  tinted  hues  upon  the  canvas  of  our 
imaginatum  for  years.  Only  a  few  miles  distant,  and  on  the  same  side  of 
the  river,  we  find  the  village  and  port  of  Pead's  Landing.  oi)])osite  the 
mouth  of  the  Chippewa  river,  and  half  a  mile  below  Lake  Pepin,  the  ol>- 
jective  point  of  this  particular  trip.  If  the  reader  could  only  realise  from 
experience  of  the  thousand  beauties,  each  one  susceptible  of  almost  illimit- 
able subdivision,  which  cluster  about  this  region  of  pure  and  sublime 
beauty,  he  might  understand  the  difficulty  of  conveying  even  a  faint  idea 
of  the  subject,  within  the  limits  of  a  brief  sketch.  All  tluit  might  be  writ- 
ten of  the  lovely  lake  and  its  surroundings,  would  alone  till  a  volume  larger 
than  this  one. 


SB 


ThK    (lor-DKN    NOUTHVVKHT. 


It  has  het'ii  wickedly  said  l»y  sonu'lnxly.  tliiit  tlifiv  is  ii  hivav  and  iv- 
Hpectaldc  claHH  of  \m)\)U'  in  tlic  Kiist,  who  like  to  stand  on  I'lynionth  Hock, 
mid  gazinf,'  seaward,  call  eveiytliinj^  hehind  them,  "out  West!"  It  is 
prohahly  some  such  sort  of  folk,  who  i^'norinj,'  the  wonderful  Ix-auties  of 
their  own  favored  land,  rush  annually,  lu  fore  the  snows  are  melted  from 
their  roofs,  to  secure  i)assaf,'e  across  the  ocean  for  their  sunimerinfj;  in  the 
old  world.  To  people  of  that  kind,  this  wonderful  manifestation  of  nature's 
loveliness  would  ])rol)al>ly  re])resent  nothin<j:  more  than  a  l)i<?  i)ond  in  the 
far  North-West,  whereas  in  reality  the  facilities  of  modern  travel  i)rhif,'  the 
locality  practically  to  their  very  doors,  and  afford  the  oj)portunity  for  visit- 
ing a  scene  of  interest  and  grandeur  not  to  he  exceeded,  and  hardly  ever 
equalled,  hy  the  famous  hut  luuduieyed  sights  and  sites  of  Europe.  I 
couldn't  help  meditating  in  this  vein,  as  reclining  on  Templar  Rock,  one 
day,  I  drank  in  with  the  pleasures  of  a  sunset  on  Lake  Pei)in,  its  clear, 
calm  waters,  lit  up  hy  the  unspeakahle  si)lendor  of  eventide  in  the  Golden 
North-West. 

Lake  Pepin  is  not,  strictly  speaking,  a  lake  at  all ;  that  is,  it  is  not 
entirely  siu'rounded  hy  land  ;  and  that  at  least  was  considered  necessary 
l)efore  a  hody  of  water  could  set  itself  up  in  husiness  as  a  lake,  when  the 
writer  was  at  school.  In  reality  the  "  lake  "  is  only  a  part  of  the  mighty 
Mississippi,  which  widens  here  for  five  and  twenty  miles,  forming  a  dis- 
tinct hody  to  all  intent,  from  three  to  live  miles  hi  width.  It  is  distant  hut 
three  hundred  and  forty  miles  from  Chicago,  and  only  ahout  sixty-tive  from 
St.  Paul,  and  is  only  hut  easily  and  very  comfortahly  accessihle  hy  land 
via  the  Chicago,  ^lilwaukee  and  St.  Paul  P.  P.  A  single  day's  ride  fnnn 
the  western  nietroijolis,  and  there  you  are !  Pememhering  that  Lake  Pe- 
])in  is  a  part  of  the  "  Father  of  Waters,"  you  will  he  sur})rised  at  the  entire 
ahsence  of  any  perceiitihle  current  here,  and  if  you  have  ever  traveled  on 
the  lower  Mississippi  you  will  not  unwillingly  miss  the  tawny  color  of  tlie 
water  you  hesitated  so  long  to  drink.  The  clear,  deep,  unhroken  expanse 
of  water  is  an  astonishment  to  the  toui-ist  who  never  hefore  visited  tlie 
upper  Mississii)pi.  Not  an  island  dots  the  surface  of  the  lake  to  ohscure 
the  view  of  its  surroundings,  and  the  clear,  high  atmosphere  of  the  region 
constitutes  a  telescope  without  speck  or  Haw,  through  which  the  eye  may 
discern  ohjects  at  distances  inconceivahle  to  those  unacquainted  with  the 
Oolden  North-W^est.  Encircling  the  lake  innumerahU.  giant  hlufts  raise 
their  lordly  l)attlenients,  in  all  the  variety  of  form  and  design  iii  which 
Nature's  divine  architect  has  so  delighted  to  mould  his  work.  Many  of 
these  hlufts  rise  to  an  altitude  of  500  feet,  and  in  size,  as  well  as  in  form, 
there  is  every  conceivahle  diversity.  Sharp,  peaked  pyramids  relieve 
mounts  whose  gently  curved  lines  again  set  ott'  iiiagnilicent  cones,  and 
these  form  foils  to  huge,  square,  cistellated  masses,  reminding  one  of  his- 
toric piles  seen  long  ago  in  the  not  more  lovely  Phineland.  Never  did  mir- 
ror of  faultless  crystal  reflect  the  image  of  woman's  heauty  more  perfectly, 
than  do  the  waters  of  this  lake  reproduce  the  inverted  images  of    these 


Tfik  (Joldkn  Nohthwkht. 


I 


c 


f. 


u 


I,-    # 


\&{ 


eo 


'rilK    (ioi.DKN    NoilTHWKST. 


titJiiiic  sciitiiu'ls.  who  lor  untold  iif/cs  Imvc  looked  cMlmly  upon  thrir  rtdicc- 
tions  in  its  hosoni.  t'lrai'  cut.  sliiirp  and  vivid,  .very  tret'.  ImisIi.  shadow 
and  (doud  arc  Ht'i-n  in  the  niystcrious  di  ptlis  of  !'(  pin. 

An>on«  the  i)oints  rcnnirkal.lt',  even  wlicrc  <\(rythinj>  is  rcniarkiihlc. 
"Su<,'ar  iioat."  u  larj^v  Mull'  whose  contour  is  su^i;^u'stcd  hy  its  luinic,  and 
■■  Maiden  Hock."  are  worthy  of  i)articular  mention.  The  latter  es)u'cially 
will  always  excite  the  lively  interest  of  all  who  visit  the  si)ot.  and  the  re- 
cital of  the  sad  lej^'end,  to  whi(di  the  lofty,  fearful  hei^dit  owes  its  desi<,nui- 
tion.  nuist  ever  inii)ress  the  hearer  with  thoughts  of  more  than  passinj^ 
sadness  and  synii)athy.  The  legend  has  l.een  told  around  camp-thrs,  hy 
the  dusky  sons  of  the  nei<j;hhorin!4  forests,  related  a^'ain  hy  early  pioneers 
to  the  present  }i;eneration.  and  it  has  won  a  place  in  hoth  the  prose  and 
poetry  of  our  race  and  time:  still  evi'U  yet  it  is  not  widely  known,  and  I 
nniy  he  pardoned  for  repeatinjj:  it.  As  a  tale  of  woman's  love  and  devotion, 
of  faith  and  des])eration.  eliding-  in  a  tragic  death,  worthy  the  proud  dan}j;h- 
ter  of  a  savage  nionandi.  the  le^^end  of  "  ^^aiden  llock"  deserves  innnor- 
tality. 

•*A  (diief  of  the  Dakotas.  caUed  hy  the  Frentdi  La  Feuille.  had  a  heauti- 
ful  dau<,'litt'r  known  as  Winona.  Lovely  as  oidy  the  Indian  maidt'n  of 
farly  day  was  known  to  sometimes  he.  ere  yet  the  taint  of  our  contact  had 
deijjraded  tl'e  race.  Winona  was  peerless  amon<i;tlu'  Dakota  helles.  It  was 
whispered  that  the  rose  tint  in  her  cheek,  that  distin«j;uished  her  ivom  her 
sisters  of  the  foivst,  arose  from  hlood  inherited  honestly  from  a  Canadian 
heanty  that  her  princely  father  had  captiu'ed  and  loved— and  killed  in  a 
tit  of  jealousy.  As  the  maiden  <i;rew  to  maturity,  the  s(puiw  life  of  the 
trihe  palled  u])on  ln'r.  She  detested  the  menial  lahor  of  the  Held;  she 
contennied  the  advances  of  the  youn<i;  hraves  whose  very  <,dances  her  female 
conii>ani()ns  si<j;he(l  for.  The  old  chief,  her  father,  looked  with  snsi)icion 
u])on  her  antipathy  to  the  traditions  and  customs  of  the  trihe.  and  often 
wished  the  rose  hlush  in  her  cheek  mij^ht  die  out,  that  the  hitter  memory 
of  his  white  love  nii}>;ht  also  vanish.  For  in  this  color,  })eculiar  to  his 
white  enpmy.  he  superstitiously  detiM'ted  "had  medicine."  As  Winona 
neared  the  a«>e  of  sixteen,  her  father  determined  that  the  taint  should  he 
Hooded  out  hy  a  purt-  Indian  union,  and  cast  ahout  him  for  a  proper  suitor. 
With  all  his  harshness  he  yet  loved  the  maiden,  and  was  wiUinfi^  within 
some  limit  to  ccmsult  her  wishes.  Ahout  this  time  a  younf,'  white  hunter, 
whose  name  history  has  failed  to  record,  apjieared  amon^^  the  trihe.  Every 
drop  of  European  hlood  inherited  hy  Winona  from  her  white  mother, 
throhhed  in  her  veins  as  the  pale  stran<j;er  whispered  in  her  willing  ear  his 
tale  of  love  and  longinJ,^  To  him  the  lovely  half-hreed  [)liohted  her  troth. 
and  went  on  her  knees  hefore  the  chieftain  for  his  consent  to  their  nuptials. 
La  Feuille  was  inexorahle  ;  the  white  man's  children  should  never  call  him 
ancestor,  and  the  pale  faced  lover  was  tln-ust  forth  from  the  camp.  That 
further  trouhle  should  he  saved,  a  hushand  was  at  once  ))icked  out  for  Wi- 
nona, a  warrior  who,  though  poor,  had  made  an  t'xcellent  record  for  loyalty 


Thk  (toi.dkn  NoiniiwKHT. 


til 


iiiitl  l>niv('ry  in  tin-  trilic.  Her  Itrotlicrs  picsciitcd  him  with  the  outfit  con. 
sidcnd  proper  lor  the  hridt  f,'i;;,»iu  of  ii  priiiccKs.  the  lucdiciiic  nu-ii  oiir  mid 
all  (U'cidt'd  tliiit  thf  union  wjih  the  most  iiUHpicious  event  Hint  could  Imp- 
pen  the  hand,  and  everythinjj;  was  ])rei(Mred  for  the  event,  which  poor  Wi- 
nona re^Mirded  an  a  sHiicrifu'i'  worse  than  death. 

At  this^time  iier  trihe  iiml  family  dei)arted  fmiii  their  hahitation  on  the 
St  I'eters  river,  to  visit  th"  locality  where  i'niirie  du  Chieii  now  stands. 
Before  crossing,'  the  Missbsn)))!  they  halted  at  the  hluff  celehrated  in  these 
(lays  as  the  '*  Maiden's  Leij  ."  At  the  foot  of  this  the  liahans  weiv  wont 
to  gather  hlne  day  with  whi(di  to  paint  themselves.     Here,  surrounded  hy 


MAIDKN    IIUIK,    l)N     lUi:    MlSSISSU'l'l . 


all  the  natural  beauties  that  the  savage  mind  could  appreciate,  it  was  de- 
termined to  hold  Winona's  wedding.  Day  after  day  the  company  halted, 
and  the  dusky  wooer  pleaded.  Gentle  means  failing,  severity  and  threatened 
torture  was  tried.  At  last  poor  Winona,  deprived  of  her  lover  and  sentenced 
to  live  with  a  man  she  loathed,  on  the  day  appointed  for  her  marriage, 
climbed  to  the  top  of  the  cliff,  and  in  full  sight  of  her  companions  and 
relatives,  upbraided  them  with  their  cruelty,  and  began  her  death  song. 
The  desperate  resolve  of  the  princess  was  evident,  and  while  the  old  chief 
stood  below  and  begged  her  by  all  the  filial  obligations  her  faith  demande 


M 


I 


g^ 


fi2 


The  Goldkn  Northwkst. 


to  desist,  her  brothers  ran  with  h<>htMnijj;  tleetnesK  to  reach  her  ere  yet  it 
was  too  hite.  But  with  the  detenniiiiitioii  niiclum^'ed  hy  i)h'adiii{?  or  threat, 
she  denounced  the  father  and  family  who  had  l)roken  lier  heart,  and  pre- 
cipitated herseU"  from  tlie  hrow  of  tlie  chtf  into  tlie  depths  l)elow.  Where 
Winona's  hody  siruck  the  water,  tradition  says  iliv  crystal  Hood  always 
hoils  and  huhhh's  at  ni<j;ht.  The  truth  of  this  mi<,dit  prol'ahly  he  learned 
from  the  hundreds  of  youths  and  maidens  wlio  visit  the  spot  hy  moonlight 
of  summer  evenings.  Ihit  perhaps  their  own  aflairs  occupy  too  much 
attention  to  have  room  for  thoujj;ht  of  poor  dusky  Winona,  who  died  rather 
than  marrv  without  love. 


The  Golden  Xohthwkst. 


68 


FRONTENAC. 

The  accompanyiiig  view  will  afford  the  rea-ler  a  taint  conception  of  the 
beauties  of  Frontenac.  But  it  is  scarcely  to  lie  expected  that  a  small  iiius- 
tration  should  convey  to  the  mind  a  scene  which  an  hitelhgent  verdict  has 
designated  the  'Newport  of  the  North- West."  Situated  as  it  is  on  Lake 
Pepin,  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  much  of  its  surroundings,  since  they 
are  treated  of  in  another  place.  The  nat\u-al  attractions  of  the  place  are 
greater  than  any  other  in  the  state,  c(,nsidered  is  a  ccmibination  of  hunt- 
ing, lishing,  boating,  bathing,  and  the  numerous  delights  of  a  fashionable 
v.atering  place.  Frontenac  is  not  o}ily  what  kind  nature  has  designed  it 
should  be,  but  art  and  civilisation  have  molded  the  raw  material  until  at 
this  time  it  presents  the  aspect  of  a  great  resort  richly  deserving  of  the 
Hattering  name  it  has  been  acc<)rdeu.  To  the  thousand  points  of  interest 
up  and  down  the  lake,  and  in  and  out  of  the  great  and  s^maller  rivers  about, 
steamers  and  steam  yachts  ply  incessantly  :  while  the  sailing  for  scores  of 
miles,  for  pleasure  boats,  is  not  anywhere  to  be  excelled.  One  particular 
lure  held  out  by  Frontenac  will  be  ever  ai)])reciated  by  the  sportsman  :  it 
is  one  of  the  few  localities  left  in  the  North-West,  anywhere  near  civilisa- 
tion, where  the  grouse  shooting  is  good.  This  fact  is  not  unknown  to  our 
votaries  of  the  gun  and  bag,  and  hundreds  hie  themselves  every  season  to 
the  delightful  hills  and  dales  of  this  vicinity,  intent  upon  the  honorable 
slaughter  of  the  noble  bird. 

The  village  itself  is  not  visible  in  the  cut  presented.  It  stands  upon  a 
plateau  above  and  a  little  distance  back  of  the  river.  The  bmg,  sharp 
cape  seen  extending  into  the  lake,  is  Toint  an  Sable,  whereon  tradition 
tells  us  the  earliest  military  post  estal)lished  in  the  region  was  ei'ected,  far 
Dack  in  the  past,  when  Count  Frontenac  was  French  governor  of  Canada, 
and  sent  out  the  tirst  expedition  for  the  exploration  of  the  Mississippi  river. 
There  is  an  excellent  hotel  at  this  pla.'e,  located  only  a  few  rods  from  the 
neat  depot  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad,  by  which  line 
the  l)eautiful  resort  is  easily  reached  from  any  place  in  the  country. 

RED  WINd. 

Red  Wing  is  a  flourishing  town,  supplying  ■  thickly  settled  and  rich 
agricultural  country,  of  which  it  is  the  business  centre.  It  is  also  the 
county  town  of  (loodhue  county.  Red  Wing  is  8(i9  miles  fnmi  Chicago, 
and  forty  from  St.  Paul,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  R.  R. 
It  does  not  possess  any  particular  attractions  not  shared  by  the  many  other 
prosperous  communities  to  be  found  in  every  part  of  the  state. 

Near  Red  Wing  the  C.  M.  \'  S.  P.  road  makes  a  curve  around  Barren 
Hock,  on  the  very  edge  of  the  river.  At  this  bend  of  the  Mississippi  one  of 
the  noldest  views  to  be  encountered  in  the  West.  tVasts  the  eve.  A  broad 
expanse  of  water,  backed  by  hills  and  valleys  extending  to  the  distant 
horiz(m,  and  covering  a  range  of  many  miles,  constitutes  a  landscape  of 
almost  unequaled  grandeur. 


{ I- 
1 1 


m 


64 


Thk  Goldkn  Northwest. 


HASTIN(tS. 

This  interesting^  town,  with  a  population  of  o.OOO.  is  the  county  seat  of 
Dakota  county,  and  is  a  place  of  more  than  a  little  connnercial  and  indus- 
trial importance.  It  is  situated  on  the  west  hank  of  the  Mississippi,  at  the 
crossing  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  li.  K..  nineteen  miles  fnmi 
St.  Paul.  The  white  settlement  was  hej^jun  in  IHo'i,  and  since  that  time 
the  adjacent  country  has  grown  hi  population  to  an  extent  that  renders 
Hastings  a  considerahle  local  market.  The  manufacturing  enterprises 
conducted  are :  two  saw  mills,  three  large  Houring  mills,  two  foundries, 
several  cahinet  ware  and  wood-work  factories,  four  wagon  factories,  and 
other  estahlishments  of  less  importance.     Hastings  is  not  delicient'^in  ob- 


HKNU   OP  THK   MIHHI8HIPPI.   NKAU   HAHTINOS. 


jects  of  interest.  The  interesting  formation  known  as  the  limestone  walls 
occur  near  the  railroad  crossing,  extending  for  some  distance  on  the  river. 
They  are  not  high,  hut  singularly  regular  and  perfect  in  form,  and  sur- 
mounted hy  bluffs  covered  with  bright  ^  erdure.  form  a  spectacle  ever  to  be 
regarded  with  admiiation.  The  Vermilion  Falls,  a  handsome  fall  sixty 
feet  high,  in  the  neighborhood,  besides  fishing  and  hunting  grounds  of 
great  desirability— all  these  in  c(mibination  render  Hastings  a  place  worth 


visiting. 


ST.  PAUL. 


One  of  the  most  important  political,  (umnnercial  and  railroad  centres. 
ii')t  only  in  the  North-West,  but  in  the  whole  country,  is  St.  Paul,  the  cap- 
ital of  Minnesota  and  county  seat  of  Ramsey  county.  The  two  great  lines 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Pailroad  hoi     f»rm  a  junction. 


The  Goldkn  N 


ORTHWKST, 


f56 


rxteiidiiiK  as  n  single  line  to  Miiiiieajjolis.  liviv  is  also  the  southcni  tcrni- 
iims  of  the  St.  Taul  and  Pacilic,  and  the  Lake  Superior  and  Mississippi 
llaih-oads;  the  western  terminus  of  the  West  Wisconsin,  and  the  north- 
eastern terniiinis  of  the  St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City  Itaih-oads.  St.  Paul  is 
situati'd  on  the  hanks  of  the  Mississipi)i.  •2.041  miles  from  its  mouth  where 
it  empties  into  the  (iulf  of  ^fexico,  to  whieli  it  enjoys  the  advantages  of 
continuous  navijiation.  The  .Minnesota  empties  hito  the  Mississi])pi  live 
miles  ahove  the  city,  aiul  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  are  eleven  miles  al)ove. 
The  location  of  the  city  is  a  very  eli^ihle  one,  on  the  east  hank,  at  the  foot 
of  a  ran}j;e  of  hlulfs  risinn;  at  its  hack  from  fifty  to  one  huiidred  feet,  and 
crowned  with  the  elegant  homes  of  wealthy  citisens. 

St.  Paul  antedates  all  the  other  settlements  in  the  state.  Its  location 
was  mentiimed  hy  Father  Hemiepin,  after  his  visit  in  KiBO.  The  captivity 
of  this  pioneer  missionary  has  heen  already  mentioned  in  the  short  paper 
on  Minnesota.  In  1707  Captain  Jonathan  Carver  from  Connecticut,  who 
had  served  with  distinction  in  the  French  wars,  started  on  a  speculative 
exploration  of  the  North-West  territory,  and  according  to  his  own  account 
nuide  a  treaty  with  the  Indians  in  Carver's  C'ave,  an  interesthig  natural 
cave  yet  in  existence  within  the  city  limits  of  St.  Paul,  und  v  Dayton's 
Blutf.  Carver's  account  of  this  treaty,  hy  which  he  claimed  to  have  re- 
ceived a  large  tract  of  land  in  and  ahout  the  site  of  the  city,  has  always 
heen  regarded  cum  ymno  mlla,  and  we  helieve  his  assertion  that  he  was 
elected  a  chief  of  the  Dakotas,  rests  upon  no  hetter  foundation  than  his 
own  word.  However,  this  adventure  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  hringing 
this  rich  region  to  the  notice  of  his  countrymen,  and  thus  without  douht 
accelerating  the  day  of  its  final  settlement.  Whatever  else  may  he  said 
of  Carver,  his  prophetic  visicmof  the  future  greatness  of  the  Golden  North- 
West  entitles  him  to  rank  as  one  of  the  most  far-seeing  "  i)rospecto)-s  "  of 
his  own  or  any  other  time.  He  says  of  it :  "  To  what  power  or  authority 
this  new^  W(uid  will  heccmie  dependent  after  it  has  arisen  frcmi  its  present 
uncultivated  state,  time  alone  can  discover.  Hut  as  the  seat  of  emi)ire 
from  time  immemorial  has  heen  gradually  i»rogressing  toward  the  west, 
llu're  is  no  douht  hut  that  at  s(mie  future  period  mighty  kingdoms  will 
iiuerge  fnmi  these  wildernesses,  and  stately  ])alaces  and  solemn  temples 
with  gilded  spires  reaching  the  skies,  sui)})lant  the  Indian  huts  whose  only 
(lecorati(ms  are  the  harharous  trophies  of  their  van(|uislied  enemies." 

The  tirst  actual  settlement  of  the  town  was  nuide  in  IHHH,  j)y  a  Canadian 
uanu'd  Parrant,  innnediately  after  the  Indian  title  to  the  lands  east  of  the 
Mississippi  had  heen  extinguished.  This  pioneer  huilt  a  cahin  where 
Bench  street  now  passes.  Where  Catholic  hlock  now  stands,  in  1840 
Father  (laultier  Imilt  an  humhle  log  cha])el  and  estahlished  the  mission 
of  St.  Paul,  and  the  settlement  henceforth  took  its  i>-m,,  from  the  mission 
another  evidence  of  the  wonderful  etfect  the  Catholic  missionary  enter- 
prises in  the  North-West  have  exerted  ujion  the  civilisation  of  the  section. 


66 


The  (jolden  Northwest. 


Buiiaiii"  up  a  considevable  river  trade,  and  trade  with  the  Indians,  the  lit- 
tle village  Lrrew  slowly  until  184<»,  when  the  territory  of  Miniies()ta  was 
organised  with  St.  Paul  as  its  capital.  A  new  life  was  nifused  by  this 
accession  t<^  its  importance,  and  before  the  end  of  that  [year  several  hun- 
dred inhabitants  breathed  the  invigoratius  air  of  St.  Paul. 

With  the  exception  of  Minneapolis,  Minnesota's  commercial  and  man- 
ufacturing metropolis,  St.  Paul  is  the  largest  and  most  important  city  in 
the  state.  The  population  does  not  fall  much  short  of  8(),()()0,  and  a  very 
wealthy,  cultivated  and  influential  community  has  grown  up  here  within 
the  past  generation.  A  little  friendly  rivalry  has  existed  between  this  the 
political  centre  of  the  state,  and  its  next  door  neighbor  and  rival,  but  com- 
parisons would  be  hividious  and  unnecessary.  St.  Paul  the  capital,  and 
Minneapolis  the  metropolis,  will  ever  go  hand  in  hand  to  secure  the 
aggrandisement  of  their  glorious  comnKmwealth  in  the  directions  which 
Providence  has  varicmsly  endowed  them  with  abilities  and  advantages  to 
acc(miplisli. 

St.  Paul  became  an  incorporated  city  March  4,J.854,  its  domain  cover- 
ino-  '2,400  acres.      This  area  was  hicreased,  in  18/5(5,  to   ;-i,'200  acres,  its 
present  limits.     It  is  to  be  regretted  that  we  have  not  space  to  relate  in 
detail  the  struggles  of  the  plucky,  self-confident  town,  nor  to  sketch  the 
careers  of  those  brave  and  wise  pioneers  whose  efforts  have  made  St.  Paul 
the  prosperous  capital  of  our  day.     But  among  the  latter  it  w(mld  be  im- 
proper not  to  say  a  word  of  one  whose  abilities  and  enterprise  have  been 
not  among  the  least  of  the  factors  in  the  development  of  this  important 
point.     Captain  llussell  Blakeley,  a  picmeer  steamboat  man  of  the  rp])er 
Mississippi,  has  done  as  much  as  anyone  else  to  push  the  ciraimerce  of  St. 
Paul.     He  was  born  in  ^lassachusetts  in  181(),  and  after  spending  his 
earlv  life  in  Western  New  York,  Peoria  and  Galena,  Illinois,  and  Virginia, 
he  returned  to  Galena  in  1847,  and  engaged  in  that  year  as  clerk  on  the 
"  Arno,"  a  Mississippi  steamer,  that  soon  after  sunk.     He  afterwards  com- 
manded the  "  Dr.  Franklin  "  for  some  time.     Through  these  connections 
and  later,  as  captahi  of  the  "Nominee,"  in  1858,  the  celebrated  packet 
"Galena"  hi  1854,  burned  at  Red  Wing  in  1858,  Captain  l^lakeley  became 
widely  and  popularly  known;  perha])s  had  the  largest  acquaintance  of  any 
man  in  the  Northwest  of  that  day,  foi;^one  time  or  another  he  carried 
almost  every  inhabitant  of  the  region  up  or  down  the  river,  on  some  oiu- 
of  the  boats  he  commanded  at  various  times.     Captain  Blakeley  became 
agent  for  the  Packet  Company,  at  Duluth  in  1855,  and  not  long  afterward 
bought  the  interest  of  C.  T.  Whitney  in  the  Northwestern  Express  Co.     He 
became  a  resident  of  St.  Paul  in  185(5.     "Soon  after  the  firm  became 
largely  intentsted  in  mail  contractB,  stage  and  transportation  lines,  etc. 
♦        *        *        *        The  business  is  now  continued  by  Captain  Blakeley 
and  C.  W.  Carpenter,  Esq.     Captain  B.  is  also  largely  interested  in  the 
railroad  business,  being  a  director  of  the  Sioux  City  Bailroad,  and  is  ii 


^ 


TjIH    (toldkx    Noli'lllWKST.  f)7 

raeml..r  of  several  other  husiiu-ss  organisatio.is,  eontrihutinu  lar^volv.  l.otli 
m  capital  ancl  tune,  to  pronH>te  the  prosperity  of  the  eitv  and  state,  and 
i'luld  up  its  literary  and  other  institutions."- 

No  (lesmpti(m  of  St.  Paul  would  he  complete  without  some  reference 
to     01dJ3ets,     than  whom,  during  her  lifetime,  there  was  not  m  Letter 
known  character  m  the  city,     liets  was  a  s.piaw  of  the  Sioux  nation      Her 
native  name  was  Aza-ya-man-ka-wan  or  herry  picker.     She  was  horn  near 
Mendota.  in  1788,  and  was  at  the  time  of  her  death  onlv  7",  years  old 
thou.oh  she  was  generally  supposed  to  be  100.     She  was  married  after  the 
Indjan  fasliKm,  to  Ma-za-sa-<ria.  or  Iron  Sword,  who  died  a  few  vears  suhse- 
.luentlyatMendota.  She  had  sev(>ral  children,  of  which  one  dau<.ht,.r  was  liv- 
ing; not  loufj:  a.uo  in  St. 
Paul.    A  son  named 
Ta-])oi.  oi-  "Wound- 
rd    ]\[an.""  hoi-n    at 
^lendota,   hecame 
somewhat  noted  as 
a  convtrtto  C'hvisli- 
anity,  and.  after  his 
death  at  Farihault 
in   18()9.    Bishop 
Whi])ple   puhlished 
;  a  Ihie  volume  of  his 
liiof4ra])hy.  with  an 
en^-raved     portrait. 
A  town  in  southern 
^linnesota  has  heen 
named  for  him.  One 
of  her  brothers  was 
He  -  in  -  doo  -  iva,    a 
famous  warrior, 
pro])het  and  niedi- 
fine  man,    who   was    killed   by  the  Chippewas  some  years  ago.       *  One 
Ivcgf^ed    Jim"  was  another    brother  of  Old   Bets.      He   lost   a   le<i;  in   a 
skirmish  and  used  to])e<j;  around  on  a  wooden  stump."- 

"She  was  a  privilej^cd  charactei-  in  many  ways,  and  no  old  settler  (she 
knew  them  all)  would  refuse  her  re(iuest  for  LoxJi  poppa  (money.)  l)urinf>- 
the  Sioux  war  she  was  very  kind  to  white  i)risoners,  and  possessed  other 
j^ood  traits.  She  was  a  convert  to  Christianity  shortly  before  her  death, 
Ity  Father  Ravoux.  When  her  li^i  ilhiess  was  known  the  Chamber  of 
Connnerce  subscribi'd  ii  sum  of  money  for  her  comfort,  and  she  had  a. 
cliristian  burial.     She  died  in  1H7M  at  l\fendota."  ' 


M'' 


oi.i)  mi:ts. 


■■t 


u 


j*- 


1     History 
'  Ibid. 


if  St.   I'liiil 


68 


ThK    (ioI.DKN    N(»l!Tll\\i:sT, 


ri 


TlIK    (ioi.DKN    NoilTHWl'iST. 


69 


FOirr  SNELLINCi. 

Ill  IH-iO  ii  (letachment   of  the  ath   Hf^nihii-s.   coiununided  ])V  Colonel 
Josiiili  Siu'llin^f.  coiniHcuccd  to  erect  the  fort  now  known  n«  Fort  Snelling, 
on  the  l)lutf  two  miles  below  Minnehnhii.     The  work  was  not  completed 
until  18'22,  mid  was  at  lirst  called  Fort  St.  Anthony,   hut  in  1824  Gen. 
Scott  visited  it,  and  was  so  well  pleased  with  the  location  and  constructicm 
of  the  fort  that  he  re(iuested  the  War  Office  to  j^ive  the  post  the  name  of 
its  efficient  constructor,  and  it  was  accordni^dy  called  Fort  Snellinfi;.     The 
natural  situation  affirms  the  oood  taste  of  the  projector.     The  fort  is  built 
upon  a  hiijfli  bluff,  at  the  j)oint  where  the  waters  of  the  Minnesota  and 
Mississippi  unite.     The  earliest  army  station  of  the  United  States  in  Min- 
nesota, Fort  Snellin<i,  will  ever  be  surrounded  by  i-eminiscenses  that  must 
make  it  and  its  l)eautiful  site  interesthiji;  to  both  citisen  and  stranger  for 
many  a  day.     Those  who  have  once  seen  its  battled  front  rise  Infill  above 
the  verdure  at  the  base  of  the  cliff ;  who  have  looked  upon  the  ruf!;ji;ed  ro(^k 
just  beneath  its  walls,  and  above  all  these  the  walls  themselves,  with 
bastion  and  angle,  prim,  grim  and  fitthig  for  the  hcmie  of  Mars,   will 
scarcely  fail  to  hope  that  the  rvreUle  may  sound  for  a  thousand  years 
within  these  same  enclosures,  and  that  the  starry  banner  waving  over  the 
fort  may  never  fail  to  float  in  the  breeze,  while  Anglo  Saxon  blood  remains 
on  the  continent,    to    commenuu-ate    the   strifes  and   triumphs  of  early 
settlement  in  the  Northwest. 

MINNEHAHA  FALLS. 

"  As  ()ii(>  sees  tlio  Miiiiu'lmlia, 
Glcaniiiiii:,  glancing  tlir(t' tin-  lininclics: 
As  ()n(>  hears  Ww  Langliing  Water 
From  behind  its  sci'eeii  uf  hraiiciies." 

The  lovely  Falls  of  Minnehaha,  perhaps  as  well  known  to  the  world  as 
any  fetiture  of  American  scenery,  through  the  innnortal  poem  of  Hiawatha, 
are  located  on  ^Minnehaha  river,  which  is  the  outlet  of  Minnetonkii  and 
other  lakes  in  the  vichiity.  It  is  a  shallow,  clear  stream;  its  bed  covered 
with  i)e])bles  of  crystal  and  opal,  iind  its  stu-face  broken  with  mnnerous 
little  islands.  Paishing  merrily  aromid  among  these  in  its  rapid  ctireer,  it 
Middenly  takes  a  bound  over  tiie  falls.  For  ages  the  basin  in  whicdi  the 
water  pours  as  it  tumbles  over  the  rock  in  one  solid  sheet  of  silver  sheen, 
has  ])eeii  hollowing,  until  a  large,  deep  cup  has  been  formed,  mto  which 
Xiiture's  gloritms  beverage  is  drawn,  clear  and  sparkling,  from  the  eternal 

fountain. 

The  volume  of  water  is  limited,  but,  iis  a  writer  has  ]trettily  stud,  "it 
ai)pears  to  more  advanttige  at  its  lowest  tlum  at  its  highest  volume :  for 
the  chief  beauty  of  the  falls  is  hi  the  crossing  of  the  delicate  si)iral  threads 
of  water,  producing  an  effect  which  reminds  one  of  tine  lace."  A  couple 
of  hundred  feet  below  there  is  an  obi  wooden  bridge,  whose  span  is  only 


I 


70 


Till':    lioLDKN    Noia-HWKST. 


thirty  feet.  slu.Nviim  \hv  nmdcst  scalf  upon  wliidi  the  hfiintirul  cascadi' and 
its  immediate  surnnmdinjis  aiv  nnistnictrd.  Fn.ni  tlu"  laidj^^c  a  delightful 
view  of  the  face  is  obtained,  as  it  |mhu's  un(•easin^dy  hito  the  hasin  sixty 

foot  helow  its  crest.  .     . 

The  narrow  uorn-e  from  the  center  of  the  falls  to  the  hrid«,'e  is  in  the 
form  of  an  ellipse  with  a  depth  of  ahout  sixty  feet.     The  summits  are  cov- 


ered with  forest  tret's  of  many  varieties.  The  hlnlTs  descend  jfradually 
from  helow  the  hridtfe  to  the  water's  edjie.  the  shore  continuin'i;  heavily 
frin<i;ed  with  dense  foliage,  rxdiind  the  thin,  transparent  veil  of  water  at 
the  falls  a  path  allows  the  visitor  to  pass,  affordinu  a  cool  spray-hedewed 
halting  place  not  the  least  amonj>-  the  heauties  of  Laughinj^  ^Vater. 


S»1 


'i'llK    (loi.DKN    Null'I'lIWKST. 


71 


MIXXKAl'OLIS. 

Tlic  "North  Still-  City,"  as  the  ricli  mikI  <jrr()\viii«f  city  of  Miniiciipolis  is 

proudly  ciilU'd  by  the  people  of  Minncsotii.  is  the  county  scut  of  Ifciiiicpin 

county,  beautifully  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  at  the  Falls 

of  St.  Anthony.     At  this  ])()int  the  two  <,Mvat  hues  of  the  Chica'^o.  Milwau- 


kee aiul  St.  i'aul  Hallway  meet,  the  trahis  oi  eacli  arrivin»,'  and  dei)arting 
from  the  same  phice.  In  addition  to  this,  the  jh-ainerd  branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacilic  line  connects  at  Sauk  Hapids  with  the  St.  Paul  and  Paci- 
fic tor  Mmiieapolis,  whence  trains  are  run  throu^di  by  this  connection  to 


#1 


:m 


72 


TlIK    (lOIJ)KN    NoilTHWKST. 


BiHmairk,  I).  T..  iiiiikiiifitliis  loutr  to  tlic  Hlack  IIIIIh  considfmbly  shorter 
tliiin  lujy  other.  Another  important  conanercial  ontlet  is  found  throu^'h 
the  St.  Vincent  branch  of  the  St.  I'aul  and  Pacific  road,  hy  itn  new  exten 
Hion  from  Fisher's  Landing'  to  the  state  hne.  where  it  will  connect  witii  the 
Canadian  road  to  Fort  (larry.  Thus  it  will  he  seen  that  the  entire  North- 
west is  reached  hy  the  Chicaj^'o.  :\Iilwaukee  and  St.  Haul  road  through  its 
^rinneapolis  connections,  openiufj:  up  for  that  city  a  ccmjmerce  in  all  direc- 
tions, of  which  no  rival  can  ever  de])rive  the  North  Star  Metroi)olis. 

The  early  history  of  IMinneapolis  is  replete  with  the  strufi;<j;les  of  new 
settlements  in  the  West.  It  has  ^'one  through  dark  times,  often  with  every 
circumstance  pointing  to  failure  as  a  point  of  any  irnportaru^e.  The  first 
white  settler,  Franklin  Steele.  Es(|.,  located  a  claim  in  1887,  a  few  weeks 
after  the  treaty  with  the  Indians  had  been  negotiated.  This  claim  was 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  just  opposite  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthcmy. 
Others  followed,  and  ten  years  later  a  small  settlement  called  the  Village 
of  St.  Anthony's  Falls  had  grown  up.  "  At  this  time  ail  the  territory  now 
occupied  by  the  city  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  was  included  ill  the  Fort 
Snelling  reservati(m,  and  was  not  open  to  settlement.  In  1H49,  Col.  John 
H.  Stevens  secured  a  permit  from  the  government  to  build  and  occupy  a 
house  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  which  he  did,  keeping  a  ferry  aci'  s 
the  river  above  the  falls,  near  where  the  suspensi(m  l)ridge  is  now  locate  d. 
In  1851,  Dr.  A.  E.  Ames  and  Joel  Bassett  crossed  over  and  located  on  the 
west  side,  and  the  year  following  several  others  staked  out  pre-emption 
claims,  forming  the  nucleus  for  a  village.  During  the  next  four  years 
Minneajjolis  ccmtinued  to  improve,  and  the  initiatory  steps  were  taken  to 
utilize  the  vast  water  power  on, the  west  side.  In  the  meantime,  the  vil- 
lage of  St.  Anthony  Falls  continued  to  improve  rapidly ;  several  flouring 
mills  were  erected,  and  in  1855  the  city  of  St.  Anthony  was  chartered,  and 
Henry  T.  Welles  elected  the  first  Mayor."* 

The  financial  disasters  of  1857  checked  the  progress  of  the  young  town, 
which,  however,  advanced  again  in  1800,  the  Water  Power  Company  hav- 
ing so  far  completed  their  works  that  mills  were  in  operation.  At  this 
time  the  united  poimlation  of  ]\Iimiea])()Iis  and  St.  Antlumy  was  5,821. 
The  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  in  '()1  again  brought  the  development  of  the 
place  to  a  standstill,  and  it  was  not  until  18(i4  that  the  marvelous  growth 
which  has  ever  since  marked  the  career  of  Minneapolis,  began.  It  was 
inc(nporated  a  city  in  18()7,  and  in  1870,  with  the  nominally  distinct  line 
of  St.  Anthony,  which,  however,  was  alwajs  really  a  part  of  the  comnni- 
nity,  there  was  a  population  of  18,000.  The  two  were  united  in  187^3. 
taking  the  name  of  the  larger,  "Minneapohs."  According  to  the  state 
census  of  1875  the  city  had  3'2,721  iid]al)itants,  and  this  mnnber  has  been 
since  increased  until  at  the  present  time  a  close  estimate  gives  T^Iinneapolis 
a  population  in  round  numbers  of  42,000. 

*    Report  of  Uio  Board  of  Trade. 


The  t: 


TlIK    (ioLKKN    N(»IITHWKHT 


78 


Tile  ^rt'iitcyt  iiMtiinil  source  of  weiiltli 

ipnitieeiit  witter  power.     Tins  r.'source ,.„  ,„„  .„.,.,,.,„,,  „,  ^ 

('.  Stiirtevaut,  Es.|.,  seeretary  of  the  Minneapolis  Hoar.l  of   Trade,  in"  hi 
report  for  1H77.  that  we  take  the  liberty  of   reprodncinj,'  his  remarks  oi 


possessed  hy  Minuea))olis  is  its 
maptutieeiit  water  power.     Tins  r.'source  has  heen  so  well  described  hy  C. 


that  siihjeet  entire 

"The  vast  water  power  which  liasKiven  to  ^[inneai)olis  her  |)re-ennnence 
as  the  nireat  manufacturuifj  center  of  the  Northwest,  and  is  destnied  to 
make  it  the  chief  commercial  city  of  the  state,  is  furnished  hy  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  which  has  a  fall  of  eiujify-two  feet  within  the  city  linnts.  The 
volume  of  water  passing  „ver  these  hills  and  rai)i(ls  at  the  ordinary  sta^'e 
has  heen  estimated  hy  competent  enj^nneers  at  12(MM»(>  horse  power.  Most 
of  it  can  he  used  with  the  present  improvements  with  from  forty  to  sixty 
feet  head,  and  the  entire  flow  is  availahle  for  nianufacturin^'  i)urp()ses. 
The  first  imictical  use  made  of  this  power  was  in  1H48.  when  a  dam  was 
built  fnmi  Hennepin  Island  to  the  east  shore,  and  four  saw  mills  erected 
on  it.  It  was  not  until  1857.  however,  that  the  i)resent  substantial  im- 
provements were  fairly  in auf,'u rated.  On  the  2()th  of  Febrmiry.  1H5(),  the 
St.  Anthony  Falls  Water  Power  Com])any  was  chartered  by  the  territorial 
lej^'islature,  and  on  the  •27th  of  the  same  month  and  year  the  Mimieapolis 
Mill  Company  was  chartered.  Both  charters  are  perpetual.  The  former 
controlling  the  water  horn  the  center  of  the  chamiel  on  the  west  side  of 
Hennepin  Island  to  the  east  shine,  the  latter  fnmi  the  same  ])oint  to  the 
west  shore. 

"  Robert  Smith,  of  Alton,  Illinois,  was  the  first  president  o,f  the  Minne- 
apolis Mill  Company,  and  in  1857  W.  D.  Washburn.  Esq.,  was  appointed 
secretary  and  agent.  The  same  year  C.  H.  Bigelow,  of  Lawren(^e,  ^lass., 
M  civil  and  hydraulic  engiiu'er,  made  surveys  and  submitted  plans  for  im- 
proving the  water  power  of  the  Mill  Company.  The  construction  of  the 
dam  and  opening  of  the  canal  connnenced  in  September,  1857,  and  the 
dam  was  ccmipleted  in  January,  1858.  The  first  flouring  mill  (the  Cata- 
ract) was  built  by  Eastman  \'  (iibson,  the  same  year. 

"  The  ap])lianees  for  controlling  and  utilizing  the  water  power  of  this 
ccmipany  consist  of  a  low  or  waste  dam  built  on  the  ledge,  c(mimencing  in 
the  center  of  the  (diannel  of  the  river  and  comiecting  with  the  dam  of  the 
St.  Anthony  Water  Power  Comi)any,  thence  running  down  stream  diagon- 
ally towards  the  westerly  shore  400  feet ;  thence  a  high  dam  again  down 
stream,  parallel  with  the  shore  500  feet,  forming  a  ])()nd  above  the  mills; 
thence  at  right  angles  400  feet  to  the  pier  at  the  head  of  the  canal,  upon 
\vhi(di  last  portion  is  built  the  blocdi  of  saw  mills.  With  this  dam  a  head 
of  thirteen  feet  is  iiaintained,  and  a  sufiicient  sui)ply  of  water  directed  to 
the  canal,  while  the  large  ])roporti()n  of  the  water  passes  over  the  low  dam. 
and  is  wasted  on  the  falls. 

"The  canal  is  excavated  along  the  shore  850  feet  to  a  pohit  opposite  the 
brink  of  the  fall,  of  a  width  narrowing  from  80  feet  to  55,  and  below  this 


|l 


\u 


I    1 


m 


T 


74 


ThK   (ioi.DKN    NdHTIlWKHT. 


point  m)  fcft  fuvtluTof  !i  imifonii  width  of  r,',  Icct,  mid  ciUTyiii},'  a  depth 
of  fourtci'ii  fct't  of  water. 

■'Tlic  mills  located  upon  the  inopcrty  iiui)rovcd  hy  the  MinneapoliH  Mill 
Company  are  as  follows:   I'pon  or  near  the  canal,  and  sui»plied  with  watt'r 
therefrom  -sixteen  flouring,'  mills.  IHI  runs  of  stdiie  :  one  woolen  mill;  one 
cotton  mill;  one  iron  works;    one   railroad   niacdiine  shop;    one  planing 
mill,  sash,  door  and  blind  factory;   one   paper  mill;    one  ;$()().()()()  hnshel 
<rra  in  elevator;  one  machine  shop  ;  one  nnll  furnishin}4  shop  ;  one  carding 
mill.     Tpon  the  (him  of  the  company    seven  saw  mills,  havinfj;  niiu'  «an^'s, 
seven  douhle  circulars,  and  other  appropriate  macdiinery  ;  (hiily  capacity, 
<HM>,0()()  feet,     l^on  the  river  hank  alove  the  canal,  and  disciuir^nn*,'  water 
through  the  First  street  tunnel-one  saw  mill;  one  planhiK  mill;  one  ma- 
chine shop  ;  the  city  water  works.     The  total  amount  of  power  utilized  hy 
the  comi)any  is  about  4.000  horse  power. 

"The  present  officers  of  the  cimipany  are:  (ien.  C.  C.  Washburn. 
President;  R.  J.  Baldwin,  Treasurer;  William  D.  Hale,  Secretary  and 
.\^'ent;  C.  C.  Washburn,  1).  Morrison,  W.  D.  Washburn,  R.  J.  Baldwin 
and  C.  J.  Martin,  Directors. 

"  The  improvements  of  the  St.  Anthony  Kails  Water  Power  Company 
<'()nsist  of  a  dam  from  the  east  shore  to  Hennepin  Island,  4(M)  feet  up  the 
shore  of  Hennepin  Island,  (JaO  feet  from  head  of  island,  west  2(X)  feet, 
thence  diagonally  to  the  dam  of  the  Minneai)olis  Mill  Ckmipany,  ()()()  feet; 
total  len^'th  of  dam,  1,850  feet.  The  company  has  sold  eif?ht  saw  mill 
sites  on  the  dam  in  tne  east  chamiel,  which,  to<j;ether  with  two  Hourinjj; 
mills,  one  nnudiine  shop  and  other  mills,  rentin<i:  power  for  mamifacturinji; 
purposes,  utilize  about  1,IJ00  horse  power,  under  varying'  heads.  The  whole 
water  fall  on  the  company's  lands  is  ()J)  feet.  In  all  further  developments 
it  will  be  the  aim  of  the  com])any  to  use  the  water  under  a  head  of  from 
forty  to  sixty  feet,  voidinij;  the  water  through  a  tunnel  or  tail  race  now  ex- 
cavated in  the  sand  rock  under  the  limestone  led<j;e. 

"The  ()ri(i;inal  improvements,  made  at  an  early  day,  amcmntinji;  to  some 
twenty  mills  of  different  kinds,  were  destroyed,  nuiinly  by  tire,  some  eiffht 
years  since,  and  have  been  replaced  by  substantial  structures.  The  com- 
pany are  now  in  a  condition  to  utilize  to  the  hi»fhest  cai)acity  the  power 
controlled  by  them,  and  it  offers  to  manufacturers  a  field  unsurpassed  in 
the  Northwest. 

'■  The  present  officers  of  the  company  are  :  Richard  Chute,  President ; 
Samuel  H.  Chute,  Agent ;  Ernest  Ortman.  Treasurer. 

"In  addition  to  the  mills  located  <m  the  i)ower  contif)lled  by  these  com- 
panies, there  is  (me  large  paper  mill  and  one  double  saw  mill  in  operation. 
By  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  only  a  small  portion  of  this  vast  water 
power  is  now  in  use,  while  the  improvements  of  these  companies  have  ren- 
dered the  whole  How  of  water  available. 


6' 


'I'm;  (ini.iiKN   N(.i;iii\vi;sT. 


76 


•  IIm'  <.<-atioM  ot  tins  vast  ^^n\vr  pou.,'  is  s„r|,  „.s  tu  m.M  IuptIv  t..  its 
yal.u.  Mn.l  MVMilul.ihty  lor  nmMiit=„f,i,i,„  ,H„pus,.s.  It  is  ut  tlu.  «uu.nv,iv 
ti.nmj.1.  winrh  ti...  pn,a.,.-ts  „|  Minn.sntM  mihI  hnkot,,  nnist  puss  1„  lin.l  i, 
imirlut.  1 1...  Nviicat  crop  ..f  Minnrsntn  ainn...  in  lH7r,.  nniuunt...!  to  ovrr 
:»M»0().(K)0  iMislu-ls.  an.l  tl...  ,nva  in  .ultivMti.a,  is  in.-ivasin^^  ia.-.lv  rvr.v 
yvnv.  VUv  nnnicnsr  pni,.  loivsts  .,n  tlic  upp.r  Mississippi  an.!  it,,  nimur- 
<»us  trilnitancs.  nnist  ])ass  tlnoiif,'!)  tlii^  ^r.,t,.. 

•■  Tlic  falls  l'..nnul.ani,.raj.ain.t  til.,  laltin- of  Ions  an.l  hnnlMr  Iron, 
al.ovc  t.)  the  river  l...|ow;  .'onscpifntlv most  of  tlic  'J.MOO.OOlMioo  |V,.t  of 
pii.c.  n.)w  ^mnviim  to  tlir  north,  nnist  1...  n.aniilactur.Ml  at  this  pla.-...  pn- 
paratory  to  Ix m^  shipp..!  t.)  thf  south  an.l  west  t.)  supply  l.nva.  Miss.an-i. 
Khuhus.  Nchraska  an.l  Dakota  with  tho  pine  hnnla-r  of  which  those  states 
are  destitute. 


MINNKAI'OI.IS   S.  Sl'KNSKiN    HltllXiK. 


■'  These  two  branches  of  nianufacturin,u:  H.)nr  and  hnnher  -an.l  the 
field  for  future  extension,  are  named  lor  the  reas.)n  that  they  were  first  in- 
troduced, and  have  assumed  larj^er  proportions  than  any  other.  The  facil- 
ities for  other  branches  of  manufacturin«,'  are  equally  fjiood,  and  are  bein^- 
developed,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  re])ort  of  manufacturiufj;  in  the  city  for  187(1. 

"The  system  of  railways  now  in  o})eration.  centerinji;  in  this  city,  with 
the  Mississipi)i  river  navif^rable  to  the  (iulf.  and  with  slijiht  improvements, 
already  commenced  by  the  <):overnment,  four  hundred  miles  to  the  north, 
furnish  ami)le  facilities  lor  transporting  the  product  of  manufactories  to 
the  markets  of  the  world. 


■il 


W: 


7<> 


TlIK    (i(lM)KN    NoHTHWKST, 


"TIh'  motivt'  power,  thv  raw  iiiati'i-ial.  and  the  suhsistfiicc  for  the  ()])('i- 
iitive,  arc  all  lu'rc.  side  hy  side.  Let  tlic  capital  come  and  utili/c  the  nnIioIc. 
wlu-re  \"tnre  has  provided  such  aiu])le  facJitii's. 

" 'I'lic  ))erniaiieMcy  of  this  water  power  is  now  estahlished  heyond  a. 
(piestion.  'riiere  was  a  time  when  fear  were  e\))rcssi'd  th'iT  the  led>j;e 
which  forms  the  falls  nn'j^ht  at  some  future  day  he  swej)t  away  hy  the 
action  of  the  water:  luit  all  a])i)rehensions  of  such  a  catastro])he  are  at  an 
end.  The  ti-overinuent.  in  i)rovidin^-  for  the  im])rovenient  of  the  navigation 
of  the  river  ahove.  aided  l»y  the  wat  r  noAver  conii)anics  and  the  city,  have 
n(!W  completed  such  works  !i>;  rendei  the  falls  s(cure  h)r  all  future  time." 

Amon<]:  the  ])uhlic  works  of  im))ortance.  the  sus])ension  hridj^e.  connect- 
ing!; the  east  and  west  divisions  of  the  citv,  is  oue  of  the  finest  struciure  of 
the  kind  in  the  West.  It  crosses  from  Brid«ze  Scpnu'e  fronting  the  City 
Hall,  and  v.as  trected  in  ls7(»  at  a  cost  of  SlT.nOOO.  It  is  (57')  feet  in 
length,  and  has  a  roadway  with  douhle  tratdv  for  ieanjs  t\venty  feet  wide, 
two  streei  car  tra(d\s.  footways  on  I'itiier  side,  eacdi  six  fei'twide.  su})}»orted 
l)y  in(U'])endenl  caliles  Besidrs  the  one  just  descrihed  there  aj'e  two  other 
costly  and  handsome  hridfi<'s  connecti;)<i;  the  ditl'erent  parts  of  the  city. 


*.. 


MINMlAI'iil.ls  11  IV    IIM.I,    AN 


I)    I'nsl    (II  KKK 


TlIK    (lol.DKN    NoUTIlWKST. 


I  I 


ThrouKlioiit  tlu'  X(.rtli\v.-t  Ww  jMil-lic  hiiil.linns  ..f  ^[illm'!lJ)olis  miv 
iiotfd  for  tlu'ii'  miiulxT.  mikI  tlu'  txpciisf  whidi  Xorth  Star  nit.  i-pris.- 
has  hivislu'd  in  rcinU'riun;  them  a(lf<|iiatc  to  tlic  i'c(niir('nifiits  of  tluir 
luissioiis.  The  elegant  l)uil(liim-  occupied  l.y  the  City  Hall  and  post  ot'iicr. 
an  cxcelK'nt  idea  of  \vlii(di  may  he  uaincd  :)y  rclcrcnci'  to  the  acconipany- 
in<>;  illustration,  is  a  credit  to  the  city.  The  lUiversity  of  Minnesota,  a  ciit 
of  wiiich  we  present,  was  located  at  tlie  Kails  of  St.  Anthony  l»y  act  ..f 
till'  territorial  h  slatnre.  and  the  location  was  coidirnied  l>y  the  state  con- 
stitution. Situ,  fd  on  the  east  side  of  the  nver.  its  site  is  a  connuandinj^- 
hluff,  which  overlooks  the  whole  city,  and  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  This 
histitutiou  went  int(»  actual  operation  as  a  preparatory  s(diool  in  lS(i7.  and 
its  lirst  colh'fze  conmiencenient  was  held  in  187:5.  There  is  an  aniph'  en- 
dowment consistin<j;  of  lands  ^ranted  hy  C'onji;ress.  of  whi(di  sales  have 
])een  nuide  amomitin^'  to  $;}")( V, !()(),  and  it  is  e\])ected  over  .^l.o'Ki.OOd  will 
he  realised  frcmi  this  source  for  the  whole  i^'rant.  At  the  i)resent  time 
therejis  a  facility  of  sixteen  ])roh'ssors  and  tutors,  and  the  nuniher  of  stu- 
dents enrolled  amounts  to  ahout  iVJ').  The  j)nnci))al  hnildinj^s  are  the 
main  huildin<i;,  in  whi(di  the  hulk  of  the  s(diolaristic  work  is  carried  on. 
and  the  A^'ricuhural  College,  (")-l\14()  feet)  hi  whicli  the  chemical  and 
physical  lahoratories,  the 
])lant  house  and  the  mu- 
seums of  theolojjry  and 
aii;riculture  are  situated. 
The  main  ])uildin^'  con- 
^lins  'A  rooms,  among 
tluan  a  tine  assenddy 
hall.  OOx(U)  feet,  and  "24 
h'et  hio-h.  This  hall  is 
to  l»e  heautifully  decor- 
ated. The  lihrary,  the 
largest  and  hest  in  the 
state,  hehig,  in  fact,  the 
general  lihrary  of  ilic 
state,  and  containhig  VI,- 
()()()  hound   hooks,  is  on 

A  line    :Ei^ 


the    first   floor, 
reading  room  adjoining 
is  open  daily  free  to  the 

memhers  of  the  rniversity  and  to  the  general  i)uhlic.      The  general  nni- 
1  the  third  floor,  is  well  worth  :i    visit.     Mere  are  to  i»e  exliil»ited 


seum.  oi 


the  collections  of  the  geological  survey,   wlm  h  is  now  carried  on 


hy  th 


scientihc  corps  olj 


f[tlie   I'niversitv.   under  the  authority  of  the  Board  of 


negents. 


Tl 


le  classical  museum  '.^  a 


Iso  inaugurated  in  room  t-5(i. 


One  of  the  handsomest  scdiool  Imildings  in  the   I'nited  States  has  heen 


II 


erected  (hiring  the  pa 


st  year  as  ^he  High  Sidiool  of  ^rinneapolis.     As  will 


78 


'I'liK  (iom>i:n  N'okthwkst. 


lie  seen  from  \hv  ilhistnitioii  \hv  iiivliitcctunil  (U'sj<,ni  is  of  the  most  ml- 
vaiiccd  school  of  irstlicti.-  taste  in  roiistnu-tioii,  and  the  internal  arra^e- 
mwits  of  the  t'dilicc  fullill  the  promise  of  the  exterior  to  the  letter. 

The  extreme  dimensions  of  the  huildiny  an'  I12xl:}()  feet,  and  the  work- 
inu  rooms  are  all  on  the  tirst  and  second  Hoors.  each  of  which  contiuns  two 
school  rooms  44xr)i  feet,  eiich  (.f  which  in  turn  is  entered  directly  from  hoth 


TlIK    (iol.DKX    N 


oirnnvKsT, 


71) 


floor 
tories. 


of  the  main  tower,   the  second   story  of  which  contains  the  lah(m 


The  third  tioor  contains  a  hall.  r.2x70.  with  ample  recessed  staj-e.  also  a 
literary  society  room,  l-lxr)4,  and  a  room  for  drsiwin^r,  2'ixn4  feet. 

The  hasenieiit  con- 
tains,  he  sides  the 
stiam  heatin<>•aJ)])ara- 
tus.  fuel  rooms.  l)oys' 
and  ffirls' toilet  rooms, 
water  closets,  etc..  n 
Symnasmm,  48  \  08 
feet  and  18  feet  hiuh, 
well  li-rhted  from  the 
Fourth  avenue  side, 
upon  which  is  the 
street  entrance  ^o  the 
gynuiasium  and  su- 
ir  perintendent"s   otlice. 

The    exterior   walls 

are  of  the  local  ^vay 

^  limestone,  rock-faced. 

pE-i  ^^"itli  trimmings  of 

^^K      ,  cream-colored  Kas(»Jii 

r^^^  i  stone.     The  roofs  sin 

slated   hi   hlack    and 

red,  the  cornices,  cop- 

I  ino's,  etc.,  are  of  iron, 

i*  and  the  <4utters.  Hasli- 

J  in^fs,    etc..     of    lead. 

The  style  of  the 
huildiiif/is  thesecuhir 
yotliic.  -o  much  en:- 
ployed  in  I'lnj^land  i'ny 
the  past  thirty  years, 
and  l»y  the  i)est  desiii;- 
iiers;;of  tile /East  for 
0  a  somewhat  less  per- 
iod, and  iin  elfort  has 
heen  nuideto  carry  in 
,  111  Kill  oi- nii:  uiDKiMin.  to   every  part   of  the 

d"si<i;n  the    principh'    of   honesty  iuid  constructional  decoration  which  is 
foremost  amon<4'  tlu-  cliarms  of  the  style. 

A  litth'  ^'ood  carving  iind  wrouf,dit  nietnl  work  has  heen  introduced,  and 
in  accordance  with  the  lust  tradition  of  thi'  style,  the  ornamental  dusijins 


HO 


TllK    (ioLDKN    NoUTIlWKS'l'. 


arc  in  no  cas"  duijlicatcd  in  execution.  l»ut  vary  with  each  individual  cupi- 
tal,  tinial.  etc 

Another  edut-ational  institution  of  pnuninence  is  the  Auushurn;  Luthcrn 
Theolouical  Seminary,  very  inthiential  in  the  denomination  it  repri'sciits. 
The  huihUn-is  were  erected  at  ii  cost  of  S-i."). ()()(».  and  a  facuhy  of  four  ])ro- 
fessors  and  two  tutors,  with  l(i:}  students  devote  themselves  to  religions 
studv  within  its  walls.  Sixty-one  (dnn'clusof  various  denominations  raise 
their  sjdres  above  the  surroundiu)4  niills  and  warehouses  of  Mhnieapolis. 
All  denominations  are  represented,  and  the  pro])ortion  of  (dmrches  and 
missions  to  the  a^^irrejiate  })opulation  seems  to  sui^gest  the  North  Star  City 
as  \>vn\iX  a  (lod-fearinj^.  at  least  a  liheral  chundi  sui)portin<'-  comnnniity. 

Beside  several  smaller  hotels,  one  of  the  linest  houses  of  entertahinient 
in  tlu"  country  is  located  in  Mhmeapolis.  \Vi'  prinf  a  cut  of  this  excellent 
hotel,  whi(di  will  J2;ive  some  id*  a  of  its  extent  and  location. '   It  is  called  the 


Nicollet  House,  and  is  undei'  the  niai\af^i'ment  of  Messrs.  F.  S.  (lilson  \' 
Co.,  a  firm  very  widely  known  as  liheral  and  et'ticient  hotel  conductors. 
Accommodations  for  three  hundred  j^uests  are  harely  adeipiate  to  meet  the 
demand  daily  made  n])on  the  facilities  of  this  hivorite  stoppinfi[  place  by 
the  traveling  i)ul)lic.  The  Nicollet  is  noted  for  the  comfort  of  all  its  ap- 
pointments, the  ele<i,ance  of  its  furnishinjjf,  antl  the  unexcei)tional  (diaracter 
of  its  table.  Tiiere  are  four  or  live  intV'rior  hotels,  besides  a  number  of 
l)oardin<4'  houses,  wliere  accommodations  of  various  degrees  of  c(mii'ort  and 
cost  may  be  obtained  liy  the  econoun'cally  iu(dined. 

The  manufactui'in^-  inteicsts  of  Miuneiip()li>  for  a  lon<,'  time  past  of 
threat  importance,  have  within  a  few  years  recei\ed  an  im])etus  from  the 
ra]ud  extension  of  the  city's  railroad  connections,  and  steady  growth  of 
settlement  in  the  rejj:ion  triimtary  in  every  direction.  Durinjf  the  year 
1H77  over  1,(I()(M)(K)  acres  of  hind  were  sohl  to  actual  settlers,  thus  creatine- 


a  lar; 
conn! 
of  nii 
'J' 
open 
distal 
territ 
all  tl 
e(pia 
and 
factu 
iucre 
prep: 
tradt 


TilK    (ioLDKX    NoiiTinVKST 


HI 


a  large  home  marki't  tor  inaiiufacturc.l  goods  „f  i, II  kinds,  wliik- thtMit^w 
.•ouiitry  ot  Manitoba  lias  been  tor  h  considcHhh.  ,„.ri„d  a  heavy  purchaser 
ot  maehniery,  agricultural  inii)leiiients,  funiitmv,  and  Koforth. 

The  Tpper  Missouri  Valley,  the  P,lack  lliJls,  aiul  all  Dakota,  are  now 
open  to  competition,  and  .Mimieaixdis  has  the  inlviintage  hi  the  contest  hi 
distance,  benig  the  nearest  manufacturing  center  to  all  this  Nortlnvestern 
territory;  of  railroad  communication,  having  direct  connection  witli 
all  that  cimntry  without  reshipnient :  and  hist,  though  not  least,  tlie  un- 
e(pialled  facilities  furnished  for  manufacturing  pur])oses  bv  the  water  power 
jiiul  ii'rge  lumber  interests  centered  here.  The  l)usiness"'  men  and  manu- 
facturers of  the  city  ari'  awake  to  the  importance  of  preparing  to  meet  tliis 
increased  demand.  Branches  of  manufacturing  already  established  are 
preparing  to  increase  the  product,  and  new  industries,  such  as  the  growing 
trade  demand,  are  being  introduced. 


WASHlitUN    MILL.    "A. 


All  over  the  civilised  world  Minnea])olis  is  celebrated  for  the  excellence 
of  its  Hour,  in  wliich  dej)artmont  of  manufacture  a  large  proportion  of  the 
si)lendid  water  power  is  utilised.  Before  the  terrible  tire  that  devastated 
the  milling  district  on  the  second  day  of  May  h'.st,  there  were  twenty-one 
mills  in  operation  with  197  run  of  stone.  In  the  conflagration  several  of 
the  largest  were  destroyed,  ixt  will  soon  be  relnhlt  and  in  running  order 
again.  Prominent  i'uiiiiig  those  destroyed  flu  Washburn  "  A  "  mill,  was 
the  largest  ill  the  I'liit'-I  '■  >.ii+  and  the  largest  hut  one  in  the  world.  It 
was  the  ])roiierty  of  "  ..rs.  J.  A.  Christian  i!y:  Co..  in  wlii(di  firm  fX-Ciov- 
ernor  Washburn,  of  >»  scon.sin,  is  aleadingmeml)er.  Thecalamitythat  des- 
trt)yed  this  magniliceut  proj^erty  has  passed  into  history  as  one  of  the  most 
direful  in  its  effects  ever  wiuiessed.  Twenty  ]iv(  s  and  three-cpuirters  of  a 
uiillion  in  property  were  destroyed.  We  print  an  excellent  cut  of  Wiishburn 
,*■  V"  mill  as  it  ajipeared  just  before  the  exjilosion.  The  large  block  of  mills 
laiilt  in  1H,")»I.  "(iO  and  "HI  is  also  faithfully  represented. 


1*1 


82 


THK    (ioLDEN    XoUTinVKST. 


Anioiifr  tilt'  piomhunt  mercjintik'  ('stal)ljslinieiits  of  Minneapolis,  that 
of  X.  n.  Hanvood  \-  Co.  stands  at  the  head. 

Messrs.  X.  B.  Harwood  \- 
Co.  ivmovi'd  to  ^Iinnfai)olis 
from  St.  Paul  in  January. 
LS7().  Tliey  occupy  the  An- 
drew cV  Hayes"  new  l»lock 
built  exi)ressly  for  them.  It 
is  an  imposing  live  story 
structure  "jOxIoO  feet.  The 
hasement  is  tilled  with  do- 
mestics such  as  cotton  duck, 
denims,  tickino-s.  brown  and 
bleached  cottons,  A:c.  On 
thi'  first  floor  we  lind  the 
otiices  and  their  stock  of 
dress  ^oods,  ginfjhams. 
prints,  cottonades,  jeans, 
cassimeres,  flannels,  iS;c.  On 
the  second  floor  we  find  the 
Xotinii  l)cj)(i)iiiu'nt;  an  at- 
tem])t  to  enumerate  the  ar- 
ticles carried  in  this  depart- 
ment would  be  simply  use- 
less, suffice  it  to  say  that  it 
is  the  largest  and  best  as- 
HHIffll  sorted  stock  in  the  North- 
west. 

Ascending    to   the    third 
floor  we   find   the   socalh'd 
lii:<'tc)ii     ((i/(!     irliiti'      i/(i(>(h 
h'jHirtiiu'iif.     Here   yoii    see 
locks    of    tabb'    damasks, 
naiikhis  and  liundkerchiefs 
'if   their   own    imi)ortatiou. 
Hosiery,  cloves  and  mittens, 
u.s  HotsK.       shawls  cloaks,  ladies  suits, 
etc.     This  department  forms  an  important  branch  of  the  business. 

The  fouitli  and  last  floor  contains  their  stock  of  overalls,  shirts,  pants, 
lumbernun  and  miners'  goods,  all  of  their  own  manufacture.  A  portion 
of  this  floor  is  devoted  to  the  billing  and  ])acking. 

The  house  is  furnished  with  one  of  lleedy's  hydraulic  power  elevators. 

Ten  traveling  salesmen  represent  flic  house  through  Minnesota,  pcu'tions 

Towa  and   Wisconsin,  the  ))rovinres  of  "Manitolja,  JJakota  and  Montana 


N.    H.    HAliWOOl)    A    CO  >-    WHOl.l.h.M.i:    ]>lf, 


m 


'rilK    (ioLDKN    XdltTHWKST, 


h;{ 


territories.     Seveiity-iive  men  are  employed  in   the  dilterent   departments. 

Next  we  nnist  mention  tlie  manutacturinM  department,  an  all-import- 
ant one  of  their  business.  It  is  located  in  lirackett's  JMo(d<.  a  nnissive  stone 
striu'ture  eorner  Second  street  and  First  avenn*-.  south  ot  whirh  it  oceupies 
the  n])i)er  tloor  lOOxldi)  feet.  Here  are  em])loyed  a  eorps  of  skilled  cutters 
and  one  hundred  and  tll'ty  female  o])eratives,  hisides  a  like  number  who 
take  their  work  home  and  do  it  in  their  families  and  then  return  it  to  the 
manufacturing'  department. 

.\11  the  machinery  in  use  in  this  d-partiut  nt  is  the  best  and  is  operated 
by  steam  i)o\ver.  There  is  no  sin^k'  roimi  of  its  magnitude  in  the  West. 
Besides  lar^e  (piantities  of  shirts,  overalls,  hunters'  and  miners'  jj^oods. 
tlu'y  manufacture  tents  and  wa^on  covers.  Hour  sacks,  burlaps,  iVc.  also 
the  heavy  'iHO  poinid  ex])ort  flour  sacks  \\hi(di  have  of  late  met  with  so 
nmch  favor  with  millers  who  exjjort  Hour.  The  weiddy  pay  loll  of  this 
department  amounts  to  nearly  ouc  thousand  dollars. 

Messrs.  X.  B.  Harwood  \'  C'd.  an-  fast  ln'comin^'  tlie  most  popuhir  dry 
nood  and  furnishing-  .u'oods  liouse  in  the  Northwest.  Thi'  heads  of  tlie 
various  departments  are  all  men  of  fine  business  (pialities  who  study  the 
wants  of  their  numerous  customers.  The  stock  carried  by  tlu'  house  varies 
with  the  season  from  half  to  three  (piaiters  of  a  milHon  of  dollars. 

Anion.u'the  ])rominent  implement  manufacturinji;  houses  of  Minneapolis 
the  establishment  of  ^Tt'ssrs.  Itussidl  \-  Willford.  occupies  a  leachn^' 
position.  This  house  are  the  propi'ietors  and  manufacturers  of  the  ^lin- 
neapolis  Double  Blast  Middlings  Purilier,  a  machine  whi(di  enjoys  jire- 
lUiineiit  po])ularity  ainon«i'  all  the  lea(hn«;'  millers  of  the  I'liited  States  and 
Hurojie.  Anion,u'  the  hundreds  of  mills  usinj>'  these  machines  may  be  men- 
tioned the  Union  Mill  Co..  J)etroit.  Mi(h..  t'hami)ion  Mill  Co..  same  place; 
Keys  l^rothers.  Frcmteiiace,  C.  A.  I'illsbury  i.^-  Co.,  W.  F.  Cahill  &  Co.,  G. 
W.  (ioodri(di  \-  Co.,  (ieor^fe  ili'iuline.  Hobert  \'  Sluiler,  Stamwitz  iV  Sober. 
Minneapolis,  and  Caspar  Kronsclmable,  JJenton,  Minn. 

Minneapolis   has 
(laims   to    regard    as    a 
sanitarium  and  watering    ^ 
pliice,  not  by  any  means 
t(i  be   ii2;iiored   nor  over- 
>liadowiMl    by    those    of 
places     makinsj,     siK-cial 
pi'etensionsinthat  direc- 
tion.    The   St.   Anthony 
Falls  Chalybeate  Sprhi!,iS 
were     widtdy    celebi'ated 
for   their   curative    i)ro-      - 
pertiesamon,uthe  Indian  ^-*" 
triltes    centuries 


the  f 


ace  < 


)f  tht 


iH'lore 


.ui'opt'an 


^'>'W><«n-»^'>ms)Ma> 


84  Thk  Goi.dkn  Nohthwkht. 

ever  loolu-d  into  tlio  dear  sprinp:  depths.    Those  hij,'hly  iiU'dicattMl  si)riiic;H- 
sevou  ill  iiuinl)er— iire  located  just  I)elow  the  falls  of  the  east  ehaiiiiel,  in 
one  of  the  most  ])ietures(|ue  sjjotson  the  ^[ississippi  river.     They  are  easy 
of  aeeess,  and  the  ^nounds   about  the  s])rin«,'s  have  heen  fitted  up  hi  an 
attractive  style  for  the  reception  of  visitors. 

For  many  years  these  springs  have  heen  resorted  to  hy  invalids, 
•and  now  that  the  place  has  Ix'eii  put  in  an  attractive  shape,  they 
are  destined  to  he  a  favorite  and  po])ular  resort  for  citisens  and 
straiif^ers.  and  the  pro])riet()r  s])ares  no  etforts  to  jdease  and  entertain  vis- 
itors. Cro(|uet  }j;r()unds.  Iishin,n,  s\vinfj;s,  promenades,  reception  rooms 
supplied  with  choice  Howers.  stereoscopic  views  and  specimens,  ice  cream 
and  refreshment  ])arlors,  hot  and  cold  baths,  and  fine  instrumental  music 
are  among  the  many  attractions  to  he  found  here.  'J'he  haths  are  a  ])romi- 
nent  feature,  being  superior  to  any  found  in  the  city.  Professor  Hayes. 
State  Assayor  and  Chemist  of  Massachusetts,  in  his  report  of  analysis 
says:  "Besides  the  alterativemedicinal  (pialities  ))ossessed  by  this  water 
when  taken  internally,  it  will  be  found  bcneticial  in  hot  and  cold  haths, 
and  it  may  be  bottled  and  kept,  retainhig  its  virtues  for  months."  There 
is  also  a  cave  through  which  one  can  take  a  boat  ride  altout  two  thousand 
feet  under  the  ground. 

No,  20  State  St.,  Boston. 
Otis  M,  lluiiipliri'!/,  M.jK,  Miinirdpnlin,  M'uni. 

Sir: — Several  weeks  have  i)assed  since  I  received  the  "St.  Anthony 
Mineral  spring  water"  from  you,  and  during  this  time  I  have  made  a  c(mi- 
plete  and  exhaustive  chemical  analysis  of  it  with  results  as  stated  below. 
It  has  a  chemical  character,  and  is  strictly  an  (dkalinc  iii'incrdl  intfer,  re- 
sembling wi'll  known  waters  found  in  the  northern  part  of  Vermont,  and 
in  (iermany  and  elsewhere  in  Europe. 

One  United  States  gallon,  or  2H1  cubie  inches,  contains  nineteen  and 
eighty-four  hundredths  grains  of  solid  dry  mineral  matter  consisting  of : 

Potash l.-i;-)? 

Soda '2.900 

Sodium OCO 

Lime ;").H!lj 

Magnesia 1_;5H1) 

Amonia Trace 

Alumina Trace 

Protoxide  of  Iron q2,s 

Sulphuric  Acid n-j 

Chlorine jOj 

Silicic  Acid (;_j.- 

Carbonic  Acid,  combined 8.10(1 

Crenic  Acid,  organic (5^0 

'^<^*'^1 19.840 


are 


>en  jiiid 
g  of : 

.  1.2;-)7 
2.900 

.     .0(iO 

.  1.58;) 


.0-iM 
.     .117 

.101 

.     .04;') 

H.KH) 

.(ilO 

19,840 


TlIK    (loi.DKN    NollTIlWKST, 


85 


Tl.es,.  elements  are  .'(mibiiied  in  tj...  wMter.  lorminjr  the  folloMin^'  saltH 
and  eoniponnds:  Carl.oni.te  .,f  potash,  .■aih.,nate  ..f  soda,  earhonate  of 
lime,  earhonate  of  nni|j;nesia.  sulphate  of  potash,  silicate  of  soda,  chloride 
of  sodium,  erenate  of  iron,  etc. 

All  the  earhonate  named  exist  in  a  state  of  hicarhonates  :  and  the 
^'iisses  present  are  carhonic  acid  oxyyin  and  nytrooen  :  the  ^vater  c.mtain- 
nifv  three  and  three-tenths  volumes  of  mixed  passes  in  one  hundred  volumes 
of  water.  The  aeration  of  this  water  ivud^rs  it  a  pleasant  heveraj^'e,  and 
prevents  the  sense  of  heaviness  after  it  has  heen  drank  in  (puintities.  Be- 
sides the  alterative  medicinal  qualities  i)()ssessed  hy  this  water  when  taken 
internally,  it  will  be  found  heneticial  in  hot  and  cold  baths,  especially  in 
certain  cases  of  skin  diseases.  And  it  may  be  bottled  and  kept,  retaining 
its  virtues  for  months  without  material  alteration. 

Respectfully.  S.  Dana  Hayks. 

State  Assayor  and  Chemist,  Mass. 

Messrs.  M.  Pettinsill  &  Co.,  ])roprietors  of  this  attractive  and  popular 
sjxi,  are  energetic  and  public-spirited  citisens,  whose  successful  efforts  to 
bring  Miinieapolis  into  a  leading  position  as  a  summer  resort  are  fast 
gahiing  ap])reciation  at  the  hands  of  the  people. 

LAKE   MINNETOXKA. 

This  beautiful  Ijody  of  water  is  one  of  the  largest  as  it  is  also  one  of  the 
most  attractive  lakes  in  the  state.  It  is  distant  twenty-four  miles  from  St. 
Paul  by  the  St.  Taul  and  Paciiic  railroad  and  deservedly  ranks  as  the  lead- 
hig  watering  place  of  Mimiesota.  The  totallength  of  the  lake  isin  the  neigh- 
borhood of  twenty-eight  miles,  and  in  width  it  varies  being  not  more  than 
four  to  live  miles  at  any  point.  Tlie  coast  of  Minnetonka  is  at  least  two 
hundred  miles  in  extent,  as  its  shores  are  everywhere  indented  with  bays, 
inlets  and  gulfs.  These  natural  features  gives  the  lake  a  variety  of  scen- 
ery, not  to  be  excelled  in  the  whole  north-west.  The  shores  are  covered 
with  the  beautiful  foliage  ])eculiar  to  the  North  Star  State,  and  the  forests 
are  alternated  with  golden  tields,  and  noble  bluffs,  all  presenting  na- 
ture in  every  phase  delightful  to  the  senses. 

As  a  summer  resort  ]\[innetonka  has  been  steadily  growing  in  favor  for 
several  years,  and  at  the  present  time  the  results  of  recent  enterprise  on 
the  part  of  those  whose  mission  it  is  to  cater  to  the  comfort  of  visitors,  are 
seen  in  the  Hocks  of  tourists  who  regularly  take  their  holiday  at  the  "'  Big 
Water,"  as  the  name  of  the  lake  signilies  in  English.  Everything  is  found 
here  calcnla  ed  to  ])lease  the  careworn  city  man.  The  shooting  and  lish- 
ing  are  magnificent.  Eacilities  for  any  kind  of  life,  hotel,  camp  or  (tottage 
are  amply  present.  Sailing,  boating,  "steaming,"  driving,  bowling! 
Everything  is  provided  lV)r  to  the  hearts  content. 

Wayzata,  a  station  on  the  St.  Paul  and  Pacitic  road  is  the  entrepot  to 
this  lovely  region  for  all  who  journey  thithei  by  rail,  but  many,  especially 
residents  of  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  ride  or  drive  over  the  charming  roads 


86 


ThK    (iol.DKN    NoitTinVKST, 


leiulin^'  from  thoso  cities  to  the  hike.  From  the  hitter  tcnvii  the  .HstiiiU'e 
to  the'^vilhi^'e  of  Kxcelsior  on  the  hike  is  only  ei<ihteen  niih's  hy  carnaov 
voikI.  iuid  this  is  uiitnniUy  u  popiihir  trip,  as  the  scenery  all  alonj>;  is  ex- 
tremely pictnrescpie.  Way/.ata  hein<i'  the  only  railroad  point  on  the  lake 
has  coiisiderahle  local  importance.  Here  the  visitor  must  h)ok  for  his  let- 
ters, ha<,'^'a;^e  and  the  (|uartermasters  and  conniiissary  stores  so  convenient 
to  the  summer  \vayhirer. 

From  this  ])oint  tlie  handsome  stern  wheel  steamer  Hattie  May,  con- 
veys passen^vcvs  to  all  parts  of  the  lower  and  npper  hike  and  to  the  village 
ol'Kxcelsior'across  from  Wayzata.  The  Hattit'  May  is  a  new  vessel  con- 
strm-ted  especially  with  reference  to  the  ditlicult  navij^^ation  of  the  shalhnv 


bays'and  inlets,  and  of  the  narrows  comiectinj^  the  two  principal  divisions 
of^the  lake.  While  numerous  charmin<i;  localities  are  to  he  found  in  every 
direction,  <j;enerally  well  supplied  as  to  hotel  and  hoarding  house  accomo- 
dations, the  larjier  and  more  fashionable  portion  of  the  regular  habitues  of 
this  resort,  make  their  headquarters  at  the  Chapman  House  located  at 
Mound  City,  on  the  upper  lake,  and  just  far  enough  from  the  station  to 
give  the  traveler  the  advantage  of  a  delightful  sail  going  and  coming.  An- 
other favorite  resort  on  the  upi)er  lake  is  the  Tpper  Lake  House,  equally 
accessible  with  the  Chapman  and  a  well  kept  and  comfortal)le  hotel.  The 
splendid  pike,  ])ickerel  and  bass  fishing  in  the  lake  added  to  the  attractions 
its  surface  and  scenery  otter  to  those  who  love  to  sport  with  oar  or  sail,  has 


THK    (mMJ)KN    NoitTIlWKST. 


Hi 


i'licounwd  tln'  l.iiihliiijr  up  of  a  line  and  nuim-roiis  Hcct  (-(msistiii.,'  of 
yachts  and  skitl's  in  t,qvat  variety  adapted  to  ])lcasuivor  lisliin^.  The  pro- 
prietors of  tlie  Ih-et.  dates,  liielmrdson  \-  Morse,  at  Kxcelsior,  also  keep 
halt,  taekh-and  everything'  else  adapted  to  the  wants  of  tourist  or  s])orts- 
man.  Another  line  fleet  is  kept  hy  Jolin  Keeslinji  at  Way/ata.  wliere  sail- 
ino-  and  tishin},'  parties  are  litted  out  with  everything'  retpiisite.  Alto^'ether. 
neither  in  the  (iolden  North-West  nor  in  any  other  part  of  the  country  can 
he  discovered  a  locality  more  heautifiil  or  periiaps  (piite  as  accessihle  as 
Lake  Minnetonka.  Peoi)le  from  every  corner  of  the  I'nited  States  and 
Europe  have  seen  and  enjoyed  and  praised  its  attractions.  Its  shore  and 
hays  nw  sites  for  tiie  sunnner  ])alaces  of  the  sentry  of  the  West  and  South 
ah-endy  to  u  considerahle  extent,  and  wi"  continue  to  hecomemore  so  year 
after  year,  is  the  wealth  and  pros]>erit:,  >'t  <'ur  new  empire  in  the  (iolden 
North-West  steadily  increase. 


I 


•Jv 


■I  .'. 


WHITE  J3EAK  LAKE. 

Near  White  Bear,  a  station  on  the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth  I{.  R.,  and 
twelve  miles  from  St.  Paul,  is  situated  one  of  the  most  popular  and  de- 
liijfhtful  summer  resorts  in  the  country.  White  Bear  Lake  is  especially 
favored,  with  reference  to  its  local  advantages,  in  heinj,'  ahout  ecpuilly  dis- 
tant from  the  three  larfjji'st  cities  in  the  state,  Miimeapolis,  St.  Paul  and 
Stillwater,  from  all  of  which  places  it  deserves  a  large  patronage  alone  suf- 
ficient to  support  its  pretensions  to  l)eing  ccmsidered  a  leading  watering 
place.  White  Bear  Lake  is  a  (diarming  little  sheet  of  water  ahout  four 
miles  in  length  hy  three  wide.  A  picturesque  island  rises  from  the  hosom 
of  the  lake  near  its  centre.  Tlie  hright  pehhly  hea(di  is  loaded  with  opal- 
escent gems  of  agate  and  carneliau,  while  the  crystal  waters,  (dear  and 
cold,  are  the  home  of  game,  fish  in  great  numhers.  Lake  Shore,  a  new- 
station,  has  heen  recently  estahlished  hy  the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth  company 
for  the  convenience  of  visitors  to  Bear  Lake,  aiul  from  this  station  car- 
riages carry  passengers  to  the  Leip  House  and  other  places  of  entertain- 
ment in  the  vicinity.  The  principal  as  well  as  the  oldest  and  largest  hotel 
at  this  resort  is  the  Leip  House  kept  hy  Mr.  William  Leip  who  has  suc- 
cessfully conducted  the  enterprise  for  at  least  a  dozen  years.  Since  last 
year  large  additions  have  heen  made  to  the  huildings  and  grounds  and  at 
the  present  time  the  accomodations  are  ample  for  several  hundred  guests. 
The  picnic  grounds  attatdu'd  to  the  house  are  extensive,  heautifully  laid 
out  and  inii)roved  and  largely  patronized.  V  tine  tieet  of  yachts  and  row 
hoats,  hilliard  and  har-rooms  are  included.  Not  far  from  the  Leip,  the 
South  Shore  House  occupies  a  charming  situ^ition  on  the  lake.  It  has  a 
handsome  pavillion  f  )r  dancing,  delightii-l  ^rounds  shaded  hy  lovely 
forest  trees,  and  a  nuraher  of  sail  and  row  boats.  On  the  west  shore  of 
the  lake  there  is  also  the  Williams  House,  an  excellent  hotel  well  patroii- 


■  m 


v-, 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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n  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTiR.N.Y.  M580 

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■^' 


' 


88 


The  Golden  Northwest. 


iln 


11 


1 1 


ised  by  transient  and  regular  custom  diumg  the  season.  It  is  nearer  the 
depot  than  the  others,  and  has  besides  an  excellent  bar,  tine  gronndfi. 
boats,  etc. 

In  an  historical  description  of  the  locality,  Colonel  J.  Fletcher  Williams 
of  the  State  Historical  Society  writes : 

"This  neighborhood  was,  from  time  immemorial,  a  grand  battle  ground 
between  the  Chipi)ewas  and  Dakotas.  There  is  hardly  a  foot  of  soil  around 
White  Bear  Lake  that  has  not  been  ensanguined  by  the  blood  of  these  he- 
reditary foes.  Spirit  Island  seems  to  have  been  the  most  hotly  contested 
ground,  and  to  this  day  the  remains  of  riHe  pits,  redoubts  and  earth  works 
are  there  to  be  found,  while  its  soil  was  enriched  l)y  the  innumerable  war- 
riors who  were  slain.  It  is  a  perfect  Golgotha— an  island  cemetery.  These 
fierce  combats  continued  as  late  as  1855,  when  a  party  of  Sioux  from 
Kaposia  passed  the  lake  on  a  I'/mting  expedition.  Near  Oneka  Lake,  a  few 
miles  above,  they  encountered  the  Chippewas,  one  of  wdiom  they  killed  and 


I.Kll'    HOIIHK. 


scalped,  losing,  however,  two  of  their  own  braves  by  mortal  wounds.  They 
brought  their  wounded  comrades  with  them,  on  litters,  and  encamped  on 
the  banks  of  Goose  Lake,  just  above  where  St.  John's  Church  was  after- 
ward erected  and  held  a  seal])  dance.  They  Hi)ent  two  days  and  nights  in 
their  infernal  orgies,  frightening  women  and  children  by  shaking  the  reek- 
ing scalp  of  their  dead  enemy  above  their  heads. 

During  the  early  days  of  the  white  settlement  the  Indians  were  very 
troublesome.  The  Sioux  claimed  the  right  to  hunt  and  fish  and  gather 
cranberries  and  rice,  which  were  very  abundant,  (iame  was  so  plentiful 
that  both  Chippewa  and  Sioux  dreaded  the  idea  of  abandoning  it.     The 


'M 


Thk  (ioLDEx  Nouthwf:ht. 


89 


lake  teemed  with  Hsh.  {Kiuntic  IovnI.  imiskrat  and  mink.  Tlu'  forest 
abounded  with  heiir,  det  r  luid  other  H'duw,  while  wild  rice  und  l)errieH  were 
plentiful  in  the  hikes  and  marshts.  It  was  to  tlicm  li'a-se-cha-the  land 
of  plenty.  Some  idea  of  the  ahundance  of  ^amv  may  he  {rained  l)y  a  shigle 
instance.  In  the  winter  of  lH5;}-4,  Little  Crow,  Hed  Iron  and  several  other 
chiefs,  who  then  had  a  village  at  Kaposia.  camix'd  at  the  lake  with  a  few 
lodges.  During  the  wiiiter,  l»y  actual  count,  tliey  killed  l.'ilir)  deer.  What 
wonder  that  game  should  grow  scarce  !  What  wonder  the  red  men  should 
dislike  leavhig  their  Wa-se-cha." 

Among  the  beauties  of  White  Bear  Lake,  Spirit  Island  stands  pre-em- 
inent. It  is  a  favorite  resort  for  camping  parties,  and  realises  thoroughly 
the  ideal  of  retirement  from  all  the  bustles  and  cares  of  civilised  life.  An 
interesting  Indian  legend  tells  how  it  was  regarded  with  reverence  by 
the  Dakotas  hi  the  elder  day.  Railway  and  h(»tel  facilities  combined  with 
natural  attractions  unsurpassed  at  any  resort  in  the  world,  render  it  certain 
that  White  Bear  Lake  will  always  advance  in  popularity'  and  i)rosperity  as 
one  of  the  most  dehghtful  fashionable  watering  place  in  the  Golden 
North-West. 

DULUTH. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  incidents  in  the  history  of  northwestern 
deveh)pment  is  found  in  the  startling  growth  of  this  city  at  the  bead  of  Lake 
Superior.  Less  than  ten  years  ago  a  tew  scattered  hui.s  were  all  the  evi- 
dences of  settlement  on  the  site  of  the  important  and  growing  commercial 
port  and  city  of  Duluth.  Where  now  broad  streets  lined  with  warehouses, 
churches,  schools  and  handsome  residences,  spread  out  in  every  direction, 
only  a  few  years  ago  the  gentle  bovine  rumiiuited  in  the  shade  of  bmlly 
forest  trees,  and  the  song  of  the  tisherman  or  the  hum  of  l)ees  was  all  that 
broke  the  stillness  of  the  regi(m.  Superioi'  City,  a  small  settlement  across 
the  bay  of  Superior,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  wide,  in  former  years  supplied 
the  few  people  at  Duluth  with  the  necessaries  of  life.  This  the  earliest 
commerce  of  the  place  was  conducted  by  means  of  bark  canoes  during  open 
navigation  and  dog  sledges  in  the  winter.  Supericu-  City  had  aml)itious  as- 
pirations, and  experienced  a  sudden  growth  at  the  time  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific road  became  a  fixed  fact,  but  after  two  or  three  years  of  prosperity  and 
progress  ceased,  Duluth  meantime  springing  into  existence  a  full  tledged 
city. 

Like  almost  every  important  town  in  the  W^est,  Duluth  owes  its  good 
fortune  to  railways.  Being  the  terminus  of  the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth,  and 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  lines,  its  facilities  for  inland  commerce  extend  in 
every  direction,  while  added  to  this  it  c(mimands  the  commerce  of  the 
great  lakes,  holding  the  head  of  navigati(m.  This  latter  consideration 
must  alone  make  Duluth  the  Chicago  of  Minnesota,"  as  its  friends  al- 
ready delight  to  call  it,  for  when  the  northwest  is  thickly  populated  as  it 
will  be  within  a  short  time,  this  city  will  necessarily  become  the  commer- 


'  ■i.-i 


90 


The  Golden  Northwest. 


P:l 


iV  I 


cial  metropolis  of  a  vast  lefrion.  But  the  advantages  of  the  situation  are 
not  alone  sordid  or  material  for  the  site  of  Duluth  ii-.  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful in  the  Golden  North- West.  Lake  Superior.  "Gitchie  Gumee"  of  the 
Dakotas,  is  celebrated  the  world  over  for  the  grandeur  of  its  scenery,  and 
in  no  part  of  it  to  a  gieater  extent  than  in  this  vicinity. 

Government  has  lent  a  helping,'  hand  to  this  lusty  child  of  the  lakes  and 
woods  by  constructing  a  magnificent  ''reakwater  to  protect  the  outer  har- 
bor. The  result  of  this  judicious  outlay  gives  Duluth  a  dockage  of  over 
twenty  miles ;  sutHcient  to  accomodate  the  great  fleets  that  from  the 
ports  of  our  own  country  and  over-sea  will  one  day  anchor  at  tlie  gates  of 
the  North  Star  Empire.  At  the  present  time  the  (dty  has  about  twelve 
miles  of  well  graded  streets,  over  a  thousand  business  houses,  with  an 
animal  trade  of  nearly  six  million  dollars,  a  number  of  workshops  and  fac- 
tories and  adequate  wharves  and  other  facilities  for  the  marine  interest. 
Several  prosperous  churches,  neat,  ample  and  fully  appointed  schools  and 
fine  public  buildings ;  all  these  give  to  Duluth  the  air  of  a  full  grown,  al- 
most middle-aged  town ;  truly  surprising  when  one  reflects  that  only  the 
other  day,  as  it  seems,  civilisation  had  not  yet  disturbed  the  wildness  of 
nature,  where  the  metropolis  of  the  future  already  defends  its  claim  to  con- 
sideration as  one  of  the  cities  of  the  North-west.  The  wonderful  progress 
and  development  of  this  point  is  due  confessedly  to  the  enterprise  and  en- 
ergy of  the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth  management  more  than  to  any  other  rue 
influence.  Through  that  road  and  its  connections,  especially  one  of  them, 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St,  Paul  road.  Duluth  has  been  favored  with 
trade  advantages,  the  outcome  of  which  may  be  noted  in  her  present  im- 
portant i)usiness  interests. 

BEAINEKD. 

Braineid  occupying  an  attractive  site  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi 
river  is  the  seat  of  the  general  offices  of  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  of  which 
line  it  is  an  important  station.  The  town  is  largely  visited  by  spoi-tmen 
who  come  to  enjoy  the  fishing  and  shooting  of  the  vicinity.  The  lakes  in 
the  immediate  neighborhood  are  stocked  with  the  finest  black  and  rock 
bass,  pike  and  pickerel  in  the  county ;  and  the  country  abounds  with  deer, 
partridge,  ducks  and  geese.  The  town  has  one  thousand  inhabitants  and 
boast  of  an  excellent  hotel.  It  is  the  juncti(m  of  the  Western  railroad  now- 
running  in  connection  with  the  St.  Paul  and  Pacific  direct  to  St.  Paul  thir- 
teen miles  distant.  A  stage  line  and  mail  route  also  connects  it  with  Leech 
Lake  Indian  Agency  to  the  north. 

DETROIT. 

This  town  is  the  county  seat  of  Beecher  county  and  is  located  near  the 
shore  of  Detroit  Lake,  on  the  line  of  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  It  is  just 
on  the  border  of  the  beautiful  park  region  ;  has  a  population  of  twelve  hun- 
dred, mostly  imigrants  from  New  England.    Detroit  Lake  is  one  of  the  finest 


|t:3" 


ThK    (ioLDKN    NOHTHNVKST, 


\n 


sheets  of  water  on  tlie  road  aiKlhasltecouieciuitea  ])()]nilar  resort,  the  scen- 
ery, hmitiiif,'  and  tishin<,'  of  the  nei^dihorhood  Ijein^unsurjiasi^cd  anvwliere. 
Beside  its  railway  communieations  Detroit  is  eonneeted  l)y  staj^'e  with  the 
White  Earth  Indian  lieservation  in  the  north,  and  soutlnvard  through  the 
PeHcan  Valley  to  Fergus  Falls  and  Campbell,  on  the  St.  Paul  and  Paeitie 
railroad. 

FARIJ^AULT. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  presentcentury  Alexander  Faribault  established 
a  trading  ijost  on  the  site  of  the  present  wealthy  and  llomishing  city  that 
bears  his  name.  The  town  was  not  laid  out  until  1855,  suice  which  time  its 
growth  nas  been  steady.  Faribault  is  situated  on  the  Iowa  and  Minnesota 
line  of  the  Chicago,  Milwakee  and  St.Paul  P.  P.,  and  distant  from  St.  Paul 
fifty-three  miles.  Two  imall  rivers  between  which  it  is  located,  furnish  an 
ample  water-power  utilised  by  a  number  of  manufacturing  establishments. 
The  industrial  interests  of  the  city  have  been  pushed  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent, and  its  manufactures  are  steadily  increasing.  The  county  town  of 
Rice  county.  Faribault  has  the  further  distinction  of  being  the  cathedral 
city  of  the  Episcopal  diocese  of  Minnesota,  and  the  seat  of  several  influen- 
tial Anglican  schools  and  college.  The  "  Shattuck  Grammar  School  and 
Seabury  Mission,"  and  St.  Mary's  Hall,  the  latter  one  of  the  most  po])ular 
colleges  for  young  ladies  in  the  country,  are  located  here.  A  new  cathedral 
and  Episcopal  residence  are  now  nearly  completed,  and  will  cost  over 
$100,000.  The  Right  Reverend  H.  B.  Whipple,  Bishop  of  Minnesota,  un- 
der whose  care  and  enterprise  the  colleges  and  schools  of  Faribault  have 
grown  up  to  their  present  prosperity,  has,  of  course,  his  residence  here  and 
is  greatly  respected,  not  only  on  account  of  his  distinguished  position  as  a 
prelate,  but  for  the  work  he  has  done  in  adding  to  the  importance  of  his 
see  city. 

The  Central  High  School  a  widely  known  educational  institution  occu- 
pies a  handsome  building  which  cost  $30,000.  On  the  bluffs  east  of  the 
city  the  State  Asylum  for  the  deaf,  dumb  and  blind  occupies  a  prominent 
site.  The  buildings  are  comfortable,  adequate  and  well  appointed  and 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $53,000. 

AUSTIN. 

Austin,  which  has  grown  so  largely  in  importance  during  the  past  few 
years  as  to  take  rank  among  the  leading  interior  town  of  Minnesota,  is 
situated  on  the  Cedar  river,  one  hundred  and  one  miles  from  St.  Paul  l)y  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railroad.  It  is  the  county  seat  of  Mower 
county,  lias  a  population  of  3,000  and  controls  a  large  trade  drawn  f n  n 
the  rich  and  fertile  agricultural  region  around  it,  including  several  counties 
both  in  Minnesota  and  Iowa.  The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  rail- 
road have  a  branch  line  which  extends  from  Austin  southwest  to  Mason 
City,  completing  the  St.  Paul  connection  over  this  road  of  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  and  Minnesota  and  the  Central  Iowa  railroads. 


92 


The  Golden  Northwest. 


;  6,  ■, 


I 


Ji 


NOKTHFIELl). 

The  terril)lt'  tragedy  enacted  at  Northtield  a  couple  of  yearn  ago  hun  en- 
vironed that  town  with  a  romantic  interest  tliat  it  would  never  otherwise 
have  attained.  The  raid  of  the  James  and  Younger  brothers,  the  capture 
of  tlie  Bank  of  Northtield,  the  iieroic  defense  and  death  of  Heywood  the 
cashier,  and  the  subsequent  excitement  tind  campaign  against  the  fleeing 
bandits— all  this  is  still  fresh  in  the  minds  of  the  public.  Northtield  is  a 
little  city  of  2,000  inhabitants,  thirty-nine  miles  from  8t.  Paul  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railroad,  and  on  the  east  bank  of  Cannon 
river.  Carleton  College,  one  of  the  most  popular  seats  of  learning  in  the 
state  is  located  here,  and  the  city  is  otherwise  of  local  importance  as  the 
supplying  point  for  a  large  section  of  thriving  country.  A  curious  natural 
feature  rises  from  the  prairie  six  miles  north  and  one  mile  east  of  the 
railroad  called  Castle  Kock,  a  town  of  white  sandstone  forty  feet  high. 


AftlSBL'UCi   THEOLOGICAL  SKMINAUY. 


criAl'TEli  IV 


IOWA — M  GREGOR — CALMAR — DECORAH — CUESC'O — LllIE    SPRINGS — IMASON   CITY — 
CLEAR    LAKE — ALGONA — SKETCH    OF    DAKOTA,    MONTANA,  AM)   MAN- 
ITOBA—MOORHEAP.    FARGO,  15ISMARCK,  J5LACK  HILLS,   DEAD- 
WOOD,  THE    YELLOWSTONE  AND    HIG   HORN  COUNTRY. 

^ T^O  Julieii  DubiKiue  is  credited  the  honor  of  establishiufi;  the  tirst  known 
^  white  settlement  within  the  Uniits  of  the  State  of  Iowa.  The  date  of  his 
occupancy  is  fixed  at  1788,  when,  with  a  small  company  of  miners,  he 
commenced  operations  u])on  the  mines,  on  the  site  of  the  city  which  still 
hears  his  name,  and  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1810,  Prior  to 
tliis  peaceful  invasion,  the  then  territory  had  known  nothing  of  the  hu- 
man race,  beyond  that  represented  hy  the  Indians  that  had  been  driven 
from  the  east  by  the  encroachments  of  civilisation,  and  nomadic  bands  of 
white  explorers,  scarcely  less  sava^^e  than  the  red  skins.  Following  close 
upon  the  footsteps  of  Dvibucpie  came  others,  who  found  in  the  fertile  soil 
and  rare  natural  advantages  of  the  territory,  greater  promise  of  return  for 
their  labors  than  in  the  comparatively  old  country  east  of  the  Big  River. 
The  west  bank  began  to  show  signs  of  life  and  rapid  improvement,  and  as  the 
pioneers  succeeded,  they  were  joined  by  others,  until  the  necessity  for  gov- 
ernment became  manifest. 

A  little  insight  into  the  domestic  relations  of  the  early  settlers  of  Iowa 
is  afforded  in  the  fact  that  from  1788  to  1831,  not  a  white  child  was  bom 
within  its  limits.  In  the  latter  year,  Margaret  Stillwell,  who  afterwards 
became  Mrs.  Ford,  was  born,  on  the  present  site  of  Keokuk.  Prior  to  her 
birth,  the  half  l)reed  had  been  the  staple  product,  but  gradually  the  minds 
of  the  settlers  were  emanciinited  from  their  Indian  fancies,  and  the  white 
baby  rapidly  grew  in  popularity. 

Iowa  l)ecame  a  separate  territory  in  1888,  and  her  fame  spreading  far 
and  wide  drew  to  her  prairies  an  immense  number  of  fortune  seekers,  and 
within  ten  years  her  population  nunil)ered  ir){),0(X).  In  1845,  she  was  ad- 
mitted as  a  °tate,  and  now  ranks  among  the  wealthiest  of  the  new  admissions. 

McGregor. 

This  city  has  a  population  of  2,500,  and  is  the  southeastern  terminus 
of  the  Iowa  and  Minnesota  line  of  the  C,  M.  &  St.  P.    The  beauty  of  the 


11 


m 


94 


ThK    (ioLDKN    NollTIlVVKST, 


Wa 


n 


town  and  its  smr()nn(liiifj;H  liavi'  for  years  attracted  KUinnier  touriKts,  and 
since  the  erection  of  the  Fhii.ders  House,  a  hirge  and  excellently  kei)t 
hotel,  the  place  has  hecoine  more  than  ever  a  fashionahle  resort.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  west  hank,  ()])posite  I'rairle  du  Chien,  with  which 
it  is  connected  l)y  a  ferry.  At  the  latter  city  there  is  also  a  commodious 
hotel,  the  "Railway  House,"  one  of  the  most  popular  hostelries  on  the 
river.  Mc(ire}j;or  is  21*2  nules  from  St,  Paul,  a  Hourishhif,' city,  delightfully 
located  and  a  charming  sjjot  for  recreation  and  leisure. 

CALMAH. 

Forty-three  miles  from  Mc(h'egor,  and  on  a  hranch  of  the  C,  M.  &  St. 
P.,  is  the  smaller,  hut  lively  and  enterprising  town  of  Calmar.  It  has  an 
industrious  ])opulation  of  "2, ')()().  and  hy  virtue  of  the  railway  line  running 
through  it,  is  accessihle  as  a  market  for  the  farmers  in  the  fertile  (H)untry 
lying  round  ahout.  Its  advantages  are  heyond  its  i)opnlation,  and  the  city 
offers  every  inducement  to  those  who  are  looking  for  comfortahle  and 
prolitalde  homes. 

DKCOIJAH. 

Decorah,  county  seat  of  Winnischiek  county,  is  a  handsome  inland  city 
of  ^.oOO  iidiahitants,  loT  miles  from  St.  Paul,  on  a  hranch  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Hailway,  and  on  the  upper  hranch  of  the  Iowa 
river.  Decorah  is  noted  h)r  its  importance  as  a  supplying  point  for  a 
])opulous  and  wealthy  agricultural  district  surrounding  it  and  locally,  for  its 
manufacturing  enterprises,  and  for  the  scenery,  Hshing  and  hunting  of  the 
neighhorhood.  The  surface  of  the  country  in  this  locality  is  a  ndling 
prairie,  varied  hy  high  hluft's  along  the  streams.  The  soil  is  a  heavy  hlack 
loam,  and  very  rich  for  producing  purposes.  Timher  is  plenty,  and  heing 
ra{»idly  increased  in  quantity  hy  cultivation.  Among  the  husiness  enter- 
IH'ises  of  the  country  there  are  twenty-tw<)  Houring  mills,  six  of  which  shij) 
their  ])roduct  to  the  East.  An  extensive  wagon  and  plow  factory,  a  large 
woolen  mill,  and  a  carriage  factory,  are  also  located  here.  A  heavy  dairy 
interest  has  grown  up  in  the  county,  and  in  1874  hutter  was  made  to  the 
extent  of  73().()18  pounds.  The  wool  clips  for  the  same  year  amounted  to 
ilH.Wh')  pounds :  the  sheep  population  then  aggregathig  1(),<)27.  In  the 
north<rn  ])art  of  the  county  there  are  several  excellent  trout  streams,  and 
t!ie  prairie  chicken,  partridge  and  (puiil  shooting  is  good  in  season. 

One  of  the  most  singular  of  natural  phenomena  to  he  met  with  anv- 
where  is  found  here.  This  is  "  Ice  Cave,"  mider  a  hlutf  on  the  north  hank 
of  the  upper  Iowa  river,  noted  hecause,  while  in  winter  no  ice  is  to  he 
fomid  in  it,  it  forms  in  S))ring  and  Sunnner,  and  thaws  out  again  upon  the 
advent  of  cold  weather.  Anotlu-r  singular  natural  feature  is  an  un- 
derground stream  nine  miles  east  of  Decorah,  on  Trout  river,  navigahle  for 
canoes,  and  which  has  heen  explored  for  a  long  distance.  A  h  vge  spring 
issuing  from  a  pictures(pu'  hlutf  was  used  for  some  time  to  nm  a  woolen 
mill,  which  has  since  hurned  down ;  this  spring  feeds  a  considerahle  creek 


The    'oldkn  Noiithnvkst, 


05 


flowing  tlir()uj,'li  ii  beautiful  little  viiUcy.  and  empties  into  the  upper  Iowa 
one  and  one-tialf  miles  from  the  t!)wn.  At  the  point  of  junction  with  the 
river,  it  furnishes  power  for  two  tlour  mills. 

Deeorah  is  the  site  of  a  dismantled  fort,  Fort  Atkinson,  established 
here  hy  the  government  in  1H41,  for  the  i)urpose  of  controlling  the  VVinna- 
hago  Indians.  The  savages  were  removed,  1H47-8,  aftt-r  which  tlus  fort  was 
abandoned,  but  part  of  the  Ituildings  still  remain  and  are  occupied  i)y  cit- 
isens.  Decorah  titkes  its  name  from  the  noted  Indian  chi«'f  who  captured 
Black  Hawk,  at  \he  Dells  of  the  Wisconsin.  The  county  also  takes  its 
name  from  that  of  unotlier  chief  of  the  Winnebagoes. 

CHKSCO. 

The  ])uslnng  little  city  of  Ti-ohco  is  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  liailroad,  three  liundred  and  twenty-iive  miles  from  Chicago, 
and  one  hundred  and  fifty-four  from  St.  Paul.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  rich 
farming  region,  and  has  moreover  developed  a  manufacturing  interest  of 
some  importance.  A  large  foundry,  where  the  "Swinson  mower"  is 
made,  and  the  Cresco  Plow  Works,  are  in  successful  operation, 

LDIE  SPRINGS, 

Lime  Springs  Station,  Howard  county,  is  a  station  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St,  Paul  Piaihvay,  three  hundred  and  fifty-two  miles  from 
Chicago,  two  hundred  and  sixty-seven  fnmi  Milwaukee,  and  one  hundred 
and  tliirty-ni)u^  fnmi  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  po])ulation  of  one  thousand,  and 
is  a  thriving  inland  town.  The  surface  of  the  neighborhood  is  mostly 
prairie,  the  soil  rich  black  loam,  with  clay  subsoil.  Timber  is  scarce, 
but  a  little  oak,  elm  and  walnut  is  found  along  the  Turkey  and  Upjier 
Iowa  rivers.  Wheat  raising  is  the  principal  industry  of  the  county,  but 
the  farmers  liavt;  latterly  gone  a  good  deal  into  stock  raising,  which  prom- 
ises to  l)ecome  a  leading  interest,  as  the  locality  is  exceptionally  favorable 
to  it.  Lime  Springs  Station  shipped  over  half  a  million  bushels  of  wheat 
in  1877.  An  extensive  factory  for  the  producticm  of  wagons,  carriages, 
sleighs  and  agricultural  implements  is  located  here.  In  addition  to  otiier 
means  of  communication.  Lime  Springs  Slati(m  is  connected  by  a  stage 
line  to  Spring  Valley.  Minnesota,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Minnesota 
Railroad. 

MASON  CITY. 

Running  through  fnmi  ]\[cGregor  to  Algona  is  a  branch  line  of  the  C 
M.  &  St.  P.,  and  117  miles  west  of  McGregor  is  Mason  City,  the  southern 
terminus  of  the  St,  Paul  and  Mason  City  line.  It  is  also  the  northern 
terminus  of  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad,  whicli,  connecting  at  Ottumwa 
with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  and  Northern  Railway,  forms  a  contin- 
uous all  rail  route  from  St.  Louis  to  St.  Paul.  With  such  railroad  ad- 
vantages, it  is  little  wonder  that  Mason  City  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most 


*M\ 


ThK    (iol.DKN    NoilTIfWKHT. 


'! 


■•( 


hi 


tlom-isliiiiji  towiiH  of  Northern  Iowa.  It  Iiuh  n  populiitioii  of  2,0()0  inluihit- 
iints.  is  county  si-iit  of  Cerro  (iordo  county,  and  ct'lci)rat('(l  frtr  its  plfasant 
and  healthful  situation. 

C'LKAH  LAKK. 

This  town  is  located  at  the  eastern  end  of  a  snuill  lake  of  the  same 
name,  on  the  Iowa  and  Dakota  line  of  the  Chica«,'(),  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  llailway,  ahout  170  miles  from  St.  Paul.  Clear  Lake  has  lately  he- 
pun  to  he  patronised  as  a  summer  resort,  l)ut  lacks  as  yet  the  nee  ssary 
hotel  facilities.  The  huntinj,'  and  iishinj,'  in  the  nei^hhorhood  is  excellent, 
the  scenery  i)leasant,  thou^di  ordinary,  and  the  town  hids  fair  to  one  day 
hecome  a  poi)ular  local  waterinj,'  place. 

AL(U)XA. 

Alcona,  the  county  seat  of  Kossuth  county,  is  situated  on  the  east  side 
of  the  east  fork  of  the  Des  Moines  river,  2i;J  miles  from  St.  Paul.  It  is 
the  present  terminus  of  the  Iowa  and  Dakota  line  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee and  St.  Paul  Piailway.  The  country  ahout  AIfi;ona  is  fertile  and 
lar«,fely  populated.  It  produces  the  leading'  cereals  in  vast  quantities,  and 
supi)orts  a  consideral)le  general  trade  in  the  shire  town.  The  latter  has  a 
nuniher  of  husiness  ln)uses.  one  of  the  thiest  court  houses  in  the  state, 
and  is  the  seat  of  Alt,'ona  C()lle'j;e,  a  Method'st  institution  of  some  local 
importance.  Several  religicms  societies,  and  jj:ood  schools,  are  well  sup- 
ported. I'p  to  the  time  the  railroad  reached  Alj;;ona  the  village  did  not 
amount  to  nuudi,  and  its  jjresent  im])ortance  is  entirely  due  to  its  heing  a 
terminus  of  the  C,  M.  iS:  St.  P.  K.  P.  This  year  that  railway  will  he  com- 
pleted to  ;'er,  Hf)  miles  further  west.  What  effect  the  extension  of  the 
line  may  upon  the  fortunes  of  Alg(ma,  remains  to  he  seen. 

])AK()TA,  MONTANA  AND  MANITOBA. 

Lying  to  the  westward  of  Minnesota  and  Iowa  the  great  region  com- 
prising the  territories  of  Dakota  and  Montana,  stretches  far  into  the  heart 
of  the  continent,  where  the  mountains  of  gold  and  silver  and  precious 
stones  decorate  the  hosom  of  America,  our  fruitful,  rich  and  indulgent 
mother.  Again  far  away  to  the  North- West  of  our  own  most  north-west- 
erly possession,  the  British  Province  of  Manitoha  reaches  its  arms  to  the 
still  deserted  wilds  of  the  Arctic  circle.  All  of  these  sections  are  to  be  in- 
cluded in  the  ghuious  empire  of  the  future,  "The  (jolden  Noiih-West." 
Dakota  and  Mcmtanawith  the  untold  wealth  of  their  Black  Hills,  Big  Horn 
and  Yellowstone  regicms,  their  suhlime  and  often  frightful  scenery,  their 
mountains,  rivers  and  geysers  ;  added  to  vast  and  fertile  prairies,  valleys 
and  hillsides,  stock  ranges  illimitable  in  extent,  and  water  power  compe- 
tent to  tuni  the  mills  of  Christendom ;  these  territories  are  destined  to 
play  an  important  role  in  the  grand  drama  of  our  future  social  and  po- 
litical development.  Manitoba,  the  granary  of  the  far  north,  with  its  fast 
populathig  country,  rich  to  excess  in  every  natural  resource;  it  too  is 


..*•' 

m 


Tlir,    (inl.liKN    NdlilllWKST, 


97 


certain  to  exert  a  f(»ininaM(liii^'  iiitliieiicr  in  tl 
the  (Joldeli  Nortli-West. 


le  coiuinj,'  ('((loHsal  eiupile  of 


Tile  early  settlement  of  tliese  yrand  (1 


ivisions  of  our  new  imperial  vv 


f^ion.  except  ill  the  ease  (it  Maiiitoha.  would  have  hut  little  in  connectioM 
witii  the  imniediaN' ohject  of  this  volume.  I'opiilatioii  moved  slowly  into 
Dakota  and  scarcely  at  all  into  Montana  until  the  discovery  of  ^,'old  in  the 
Hhndv  Hills,  in  the  Tellowstoiie,  and  Ihjj;  Horn  countries,  irave  an  impetus  to 
ininii<,'ration.  \vhi(di  vjj!  now  never  he  lost  until  the  hic*'  (»f  the  land  is 
<h)tteil  with  populous  cities,  town  and  villaues  and  the  surface  j-ridironed 
hy  railways.  It  is  iit  the  point  of  time  when  the  first  adventurer  should- 
ered his  rilie  and  pan  to  wrest  the  hidden  treasure  from  Nature's  lap  that 
our  interest  in  Dakota  and  Montana  commeiiees.  As  to  tlu'j^n'eat  Province 
thei'e  is  mmdi  to  he  written  (hd  space  permit.  Tlii'  iliel  revolution  of  the 
hist  decade  hroiiuht  tlu'  youn^'  kiujidoni  into  piihlic  O'-ri  -e,  and  tiie  exiiedi- 
tion  sent  to  (piell  it  under  the  now  famous  SirCJariiT  sVolscdey,  assist»'d 
Htill  further  to  m;ike  its  wonderful  potentialities  know  to  the  world.  For 
tht!  i)ust  h'W  years  inhahitants  have  made  their  appearance  in  armies  and 
at  the  present  the  country  is  <,nviii^'  evi(h^nce  of  its  i)ro<j;ress  in  a  commerce 
of  consideralde  extent,  whii  h  will  he  indefinitely  increased  as  soon  as  the 
imminent  railway  communications  witii  Minnesota  and  tiie  East  via  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  i'aul  railroad  and  its  connections  are  o})ened. 

In  these  ])orti(His  of  the  rejj[ion  just  nu'ntioned  included  within  the 
honndaries  of  the  Tnited  States,  clu.i])  homes  and  farms  are  offered  to 
actual  settlers  under  various  laws.  The  pie-em))ti()n  law  fjives  to  any 
citisen  of  the  United  States,  and  to  those  who  have  dttclared  their  inten- 
tion to  hec(mie  su(di,  1(50  acres  of  land  within  the  limits  of  a  land  grant  to 
any  railroad  com])any,  at  S'i.oO  per  acre,  or  outside  of  railroad  limits  at 
$1.25  per  acre,  cm  condition  of  permanent  improvement  and  continued 
residence  h)r  one  year.  The  homystead  law  grants  to  the  settler  1(50  acres 
outside  of  railroad  limits,  and  eighty  acres  within  the  limits  on  condition 
of  permanent  improvement  and  continued  residence  for  live  years,  with- 
out cost,  except  land  ottice  fees,  whicdi  do  not  exceed  $18  for  1(50  acres. 
An  exception  to  the  demands  of  the  homestead  huv  is  made  in  favor  of 
hoiiorahly  discharged  soldiers  and  marines,'  they  heing  allowed  to  take 
160  acres  within  railroad  limits,  and  the  time  they  were  in  the  service 
of  the  United  States,  not  to  exceed  four  years  is  deducted  from  the  five 
years'  residence  required  hy  the  law. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  timher  culture  act.  any  citisen  of  the  United 
States,  or  those  who  have  declared  their  intention  to  liecome  such,  can 
make  an  entiy  of  not  to  exceed  100  acres,  either  within  or  without  the 
limits  of  a  railroad  grant,  on  condition  that  one-fourth  of  the  land  so  taken 
shall  he  planted  with  trees,  cultivated  and  protected  for  eight  years,  when 
final  proof  can  he  made  and  patent  secured.  The  registers  of  the  different 
United  States  land  offices  will,  upon  application,  hy  letter  or  in  person,  fur- 


I'r 


1,  -i 


1»M 


THK    Ciol.l'K.N    NoilTHWKKT. 


\u 


iiisli  tlif  full  ti'Xt  of  tlu'Sf  laws,  iind  infonimtion  hk  to  locality  of  vacant 
Hovcniiuciit  lands  thai  can  lu-  hail  in  their  respective  (liHtrictn.  Tncler  the 
operation  of  these  laws,  any  settler  can  secure  from  240  to  .S2()  acres  of 
land  at  a  most  tritlinfz  cost. 

The  very  liheral  law  of  the  government,  protecting,'  forest  tree  culture 
t»n  the  western  prairies,  is  supplemented  l»y  a  law  of  Dakota,  which  pro- 
vides that  for  every  live  acres  of  tindier  in  cultivation,  forty  acres,  with  all 
the  im])rovenH'nts  thereon,  not  exceeding'  one  thousand  dollars  in  value, 
shall  he  exempt  from  taxation  for  a  period  of  ten  years  from  the  time  of 
planting'.  Another  law  of  the  territory  j)rovides  that  no  land  shall  he 
deemed  increased  in  value  for  assessment  puri)oses  hy  reason  of  such  tim- 
her  (tidture,  no  nuitter  how  nnu-h  its  real  value  nuiy  be  enhanced  thereby  : 
so  that  any  industrious  num.  no  nnitter  how  i)0()r.  can  come  here,  and  in 
ei^ht  years  he  the  owner  of  '210  or  IWO  acres  of  lane,  with  an  abundant 
supi)ly  of  timber  just  where  he  wants  it.  and  be  entirely  exempt  fnmi  tax- 
ation the  entire  time,  uidess  he  should  put  more  than  |4,000  worth  of  im- 
provements upon  his  land  durinjj;  that  tinu-. 

MOOHHKAJ). 

Moorhead.  a  busy,  thriviu},'  town  on  the  lied  river,  and  a  station  on  the 
Northern  Pacitic  railroad,  has  a  poj)ulation  of  about  1,000,  and  controls 
the  trade  of  a  larfjje  section  of  country.  It  has  several  line  churches,  schools, 
a  nundur  of  business  house;-;,  i.otels,  and  so  forth.  A  large  grist  mill  is 
located  here,  with  a  capacity  of  <>()0  bushels  daily.  The  geographical  posi- 
tion of  Moorhead  -uid  its  railway  connections  give  to  the  town  an  assurance 
of  continued  and  enhanced  ])r()s)Krity.  in  common  with  its  sister  points  on 
the  great  highway  to  the  gold  fields, 

FAIUIO. 

This  line  city  is  (me  of  the  most  notable  evidences  of  sudden,  and  at  the 
same  time  substantial  growth  and  i)r()sperity  in  tlu  North-West.  It  owes 
its  being  to  the  opening  up  of  the  region  by  the  Northern  Pacific  railway  as 
do  the  other  now  prosperous  towns  along  the  line.  Fargo  is  the  county 
seat  of  Cass  county,  Dakota,  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Red  river 
and  is  a  prominent  station  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  The  shops 
and  engine  houses  of  the  Dakota  division  of  the  road  are  located  here. 
There  are  also  cme  of  the  largest  and  finest  hotels  in  the  North-West,  a 
handsome  brick  court  house,  a  number  of  stores,  lumber  yards  and  grain 
warehouses.  The  trade  of  the  city  is  alreadylarge  and  increasing  steadily 
and  rapidly. 

Stages  connect  Fargo  and  Moorhead  with  Caledonia,  Grand  Forks, 
Pembina  and  Fort  Garry,  northward  ;  with  Devil's  Lake  northwest ;  with 
Norman  and  Owego  southwest,  and  with  Fort  Abercrombie,  Breckinridge 
and  Fort  Wadsworth  south.  Both  towns  are  also,  during  the  season  of 
navigation,  important  shipping  points  for  the  great  trade  carried  on  by  way 


^ 


Tin;    (uiM>KN    NnltTllWKST. 


im 


of  till'  \U(\  I'ivcr  with  tlir  Hritisli  Nortliwi'st.  iit  WiiiiU'iu'tr  aiul  Koit  (iiirry. 

mSMAltCK. 

liiHMiarck.  tin-  prt'st'iit  ti'iiiiiiiiis  ul  the  NDrtlifni  l'ii<  -lie  ijiiliouil,  is 
lii'iuitiliilly  Inciitcd  oil  liijili  ^'ruiiiids  on  tlif  t-ast  Itaiik  of  the  MisHoiii'i  livrr, 
liiiH  a  population  of  alioiit  l.;")(K>,  with  ♦he  nsiiai  nnmln'r  of  stori's.  liott'lH. 
clmrclii's,  I'tc.  ,111(1  a  heavy  trade  with  tlic  iiiinu'nais  inijitary  posts  and 
Indian  a^^'t'iicics  on  the  river.  From  this  point  the  Missouri  river  is  niivi- 
gabU'  for  1,'2(M)  miles  to  the  northwest,  and  diirinjjithe  season  a  re^,'ular  line 
of  boats  is  run  to  tlu'  iippi'r  Missouri  river,  ('onnectin<j:  at  Fort  Heiiton  ami 
Carroll  with  Ma*iv  lines  to  Helena  and  other  points  in  Montana,  Also,  it 
Ih  the  eonneetiii},'  point  with  the  Northwestern  I'iXpri'ss,  Sta^'e  and  Trans- 
portiition  Company's  daily  line  of  eoacdies  to  J)eadwood  and  other  poiuts 
in  thu  Blacdv  Hills. 

THE  MLACK  HILLS. 

The  Jihicdi  HilN.  the  I'ildorado  of  the  period,  are  too  well  known  in  a 
general  sense  to  recpiire  introduction.     They  have  been  the  dream  of  the 
adventurer  for  several  years,  and  in  the  short  time  that  has  elapsed  since 
our  th'st  authentic  account  of  them,  in  1H74,  iuive  already  {j;rown  to  rank 
as  amon^' the  most  promisinj,'  mining,'  districts  ol  the  world.     During'  the 
la«t  year  alone  the  {^old  yield  was  over  §;{,(t(M),()(MI.     In  his  excellent  jj;uide 
to  the  Hills,  Jud^'e  Manure  thus  sjieaksof  Mi-ir  «,'eo^a'aphy  and  tojio^'rapliy  : 
"  Tho  ^J'iick  Hills  are  an  isolated  mass  of  elevations,  about  one  hundred  and 
twenty  miles  in  extent,  from  northwest  to  southwest,   with  an  average 
width  of  fifty  miles,  their  area  behi^'  not  less  than  (>,(KH)  scpiare  miles. 
They  are  so  called  from  the  sombre  aspect  they  present  from  a  distant 
view,  caused  by  the  vast  everj^reen  for^'sts  of  ])ine  with  which  they  are 
generally  clotheiL     Many  are  still  i},niorant  of  their  «,'eo<,'raphical  position, 
often  confounding,' them  with  the  two  mountain  districts  of  the  same  desig- 
nation south  of  the  Platte  river,  in  Southeastern  Wyoming.     According  to 
the  latitudhial  lines,  they  are  about  sixty  miles  north  and  a  little  over 
eight  hundi-^d  miles  weat  of  Chicago,  and  are  situated  between  two  forks 
of  the  Cheyenne  river,  which  surround  them  so  comi)letely  that  both  these 
streams  have  their  origin  in  the  same  locality,  and  their  head  waters  inter- 
lock.    The  north  current  is  usually  called  the  Belle  Fourche.  or  Beautiful 
Fork."    The  Hills  are  reached  by  the  splendid  fast  mail  stage  line  of  the 
Northwestern  Stage  and  Transportation  Line,  from  Bismarck,  connecting 
eastward  with  the  Northern  Pacific  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
railways.     The  Hills  "embrace  all  that  is  graiul  and  beautiful  in  nature— 
cloud-piercing  peaks,  snow-crowned  nine  months  out  of  the  twelve  ;  deep- 
down  canyons,  gloomy  and  savage,  with  dense  forests  and  craggy  walls  of 
slate  granite  or  limestone  ;  fairy  fountains  and  crystal  streams,  and  richly 
tlowe'red  plateaus  and  glades-flowers  gorgeous  in  coloring  and  sweetly 
fra«n-ant      The  highest  peaks  are  from  5.600  to  8,000  feet  high,  not  so  great 


10() 


ThK    tioLDKN    XoHTHWKST. 


Kl 


m 


ii 


altitudt's  as  are  fomid  ainoii.sj;  the  i)en)etiially  snow-capped  niinintains  of 
the  lii^'  Horn,  further  west,  hut  tliey  api)ear  us  lofty  when  measured  hy 
the  eye  in  comparison  witii  the  surrounding'  eh'vations.  Such  is  a  '  hirds- 
eye'  view  of  ih'  Bhick  Hills.  The  <,n-eater  i)ortion  of  them  are  in  the 
southwestern  corner  of  Dakota,  which  embraces  nearly  all  the  discovered 
mines ;  the  other  portion  is  in  Northwestern  Wyoming,  and  Southeastern 
Montana  is  in  close  proxiniity.  As  the  new  gold  discoveries  extend  to  the 
three  territories,  a  new  territorial  organisation,  which  will  embrace  them 
all  under  one  system  of  laws,  seems  so  obvious  a  judicial  necessity  that  1 
h'>ve  no  doubt  it  will  soon  ])e  consumated."* 

After  the  Custer  expedition  of  1874  had  settled  the  fact  that  gold  in 
paying  (juantities  was  to  be  found  in  the  Hills,  adventurers  poured  in 
towards  the  stockades  on  French  creek,  the  present  site  of  Custer  City.  In 
1875  military  orders  were  given  to  escort  the  settlers  out  of  the  region,  and 
the  pioneers  were  collected  at  the  stockades  for  that  purpose.  Before- 
leaving,  however,  they  organised  a  town  government,  named  the  settlement 
Custer  City,  and  dedicated  a  log  building  as  the  city  hall.  A  few  evaded 
the  vigilance  of  the  military  and  appeared  again  upon  the  scene  almost  as 
soon  as  the  army  disappeared  over  the  hills.  Settlers  soon  began  to  arrive 
again  in  numbers,  and  further  interference  on  the  part  of  the  government 
was  abandoned.  In  spite  of  the  Indians,  miners'  claims  soon  covered  the 
locality,  extending  over  the  rich  placer  diggings  of  Spring  and  Eapids  creeks 
to  the  north.  Deadwood  and  Whitewood  gulches,  seventy  miles  north  of 
Custer  City,  were  reached  during  the  winter  of  1875-76,  and  were  claimed 
throughout  their  extent.  It  is  said  that  one  claim  in  Deadwood  gulch  was 
olfered  hi  February,  1876,  for  a  little  tiour  and  bacon,  which  has  since 
yielded  $300,000.  The  number  of  people  in  the  Hills  in  July,  1876,  was 
estimated  at  6,500 — about  half  of  whom  were  in  Deadwood  City.  Since 
that  time  immigration  has  brought  the  population  of  Deadwood  alone  up 
to  10,000,  while  there  are  at  least  50,000  in  that  place  and  the  surrounding 


region. 


It  was  generally  supposed  that  the  Black  Hills  had  been  unknown  to 
white  miners  up  to  1874,  but  in  view  of  discoveries  made  since  the  recent 
opening  up  of  this  country,  that  view  is  shown  to  have  been  incorrect.  We 
quote  again  from  Judge  Maguire's  interesting  account :  "  Gold  was  discovered 
thereby  white  men,  years  before  the  lamented  Custer  entered  the  country  at 
the  head  of  an  army,  and  it  would  undoubtedly  have  been  settled  and  devel- 
oped immediately  after,  had  not  these  unknown  first  discoverers  all  been  mas- 
sacred l)y  Indians,  wherefore  reports  of  their  discoveries  were  never  published. 
Near  Rapid  Creek  and  on  Whitewood  and  Deadwood  Creeks,  old  "prospect 
holes"  have  been  found.  There  is  an  old  shaft  on  a  goldbearing  quartz 
vein  which  crosses  Deadwood  (Julch  ;  and  the  trees  near  by  bear  the  marks 
of  bullets  and  arrows,  the  appearance  of  which  proves  that  they  were  made 
years  ago.    In  making  "clean-ups"  last  summer,  in  one  of  the  Deadwood 

*    Miiguirc. 


TlIK    (loLDKX    XollTHAVKST. 


101 


claims,  old,  rusty  nails  weiv  louiici :  and  on  another  there  was  an  old  pile 
of  tailhigH,  Of  the  conclusion  arrived  at  from  these  evidences,  there  can 
he  no  reasonahle  douht— the  uidortunate  white  men  who  sank  the  shaft  on 
the  jj;old-vein,  were  seized  and  tied  to  th"  missile-scarred  trees  and  riddled 
with  arrows  and  hullcts.  Those  who  excavated  the  old  "prospci-t  holes" 
likewise  fidl  victims  to  the  liendish  Sioux,  an<l  not  one  of  these  first  dis- 
coverers was  left  to  report  the  fate  of  the  others.  So  numy  links  are  lost 
from  as  many  family  circles,  and  the  mournintf  friends  of  the  victims, 
whoever  they  may  he,  are  to-day  alternately  hoi)in^'  and  desi)airinti  over 
the  Ion*];  silence  of  their  loved  ones.  Jietter  they  should  never  know  just 
how  the  f^loomy  messen^'er  came  to  seal  their  lips  forever! 

1)]<:ai)wooi). 

The  city  of  Deadwood  is  located  at  the  northern  extremity  of  the  Bhudc 
Hills,  at  the  confluence  of  Deadwood  and  Whitewood  creeks,  and  ahout 
eight  miles  hi  the  Ulterior  or  fnnn  the  foothills  where  the  latter  stream 
enters  the  prairie.  The  position,  while  not  at  all  eligihle  for  a  settlement 
of  any  khid,  much  less  for  a  city  of  the  precensions  of  Deadwood.  has 
heeii  so  improved  by  artificial  means,  that  not  only  are  a  suriirisingly  large 
number  of  peo])le  housed  within  its  limits,  but  the  font  tuticuihh'  is  very 
pleashig  *')  the  eye.  Originally  the  narrow  gulch  admitted  of  but  oiu^ 
street,  but  excavations  and  cril)bing  liave  gradually  added  one  after  another 
until  the  entire  north  hill  is  now  cut  up  into  avenues,  like  stei)s,  appropri- 
ately named,  and  lined  with  pretty  little  cottages  and  dwellings  of  more 
elaborate  designs.  The  southern  hill,  owing  to  its  abru])tiu  ss.  is  valueless 
for  building  sites,  and.  with  the  excei)tion  of  one  or  two  crudely  constructed 
log  cabins,  regular  "old  timers."  whi(di  threaten  to  wreck  themselves  and 
residences  below  at  any  moment,  its  breast  is  bare  and  uninviting.  The 
city  proper,  as  generally  understood,  (there  being  no  legally  defined  limits), 
is  about  one  mile  long,  and  contains  at  the  present  time  about  six  thousand 
inhabitants,  the  male  ])ortiou  being  engaged  almost  exclusively  in  mercan- 
tile and  other  legitimate  business  pursuits.  Deadwood.  although  not  im- 
mediately at  the  mines,  is  universally  considered  the  metropolis  of  the 
Hills,  being  the  county  seat  of  Lawren  county,  and  having  the  land 
office,  courts,  ])anks.  exi)ress  olirtces,  stage  head(iuarters,  signal  service 
station,  and  commission  houses — conveniences  found  nowhere  else  in  the 
liills — and  in  addition  contains  many  large  jobbing  houses,  retail  stores  of 
every  description :  two  excellent  hotels ;  two  daily,  one  weekly,  and  one 
semi-monthly  papers ;  two  churches— C'oiigregaticmal  and  Catholic  schools  ; 
the  telegraph  ;  a  lire  deiiartment ;  efficient  constabulary  force  ;  a  large  and 
most  excellent  society  that  is  daily  increasing;  and  all  the  concomitants;  of 
a  well  regulated  and  prt)sperous  community. 

Three  daily  mails,  a  money  order  jiost  office,  the  telegraph  and  banks, 
present  facilities  for  conducting  business,  ecpial  with  those  elsewhere 
enjoyed.     Comfortal)le  dwellings,   marts  of  trade  of  all   kinds,   keeping 


UYl 


ThK    (ioLDEN    NORTHWKHT. 


stocks  of  "[laded  qualities  to  suit  the  tastes  and  purses  of  every  one,  the 
poor  as  well  as  the  ri(di ;  a  charminjj;  climate,  plenty  of  vifjorous  exercise 
and  universal  prosperity,  makes  life  in  the  Hills  both  pleasant  and 
healthful. 


THE  BIG  HORN  COUNTRY. 


ui 


Comprehended  within  the  desij^nation  of  the  Bi^  Horn  country  is  in- 
cluded all  the  vast  region  lying  between  the  Yellowstone  on  the  north  and 
the  Sweetwater  on  the  south,  and  between  the  Black  Hills  on  the  east  and 
the  degree  of  longitude  defining  the  line  of  Wyoming  and  Idaho  on  the 
west.* 

The  Big  Horn  region  has  ever  been  regard  as  the  most  delightful  place 
place  of  residence  by  the  American  Indian.-s.  It  has  been  for  a  long  time 
the  theatre  of  an  unceasing  and  cruel  war  between  the  Crows  an<l 
Slioshones  on  one  side  and  their  bloody  enemies  the  Sioux,  waged  for  the 
possession  of  the  country.  The  saying  of  the  Crows  that  "  The  Great  Spirit 
only  looks  on  other  countries  in  the  summer,  but  here  he  lives  all  the 
year,"  beautifully  expresses  the  savage  appreciation  of  the  most  favored 
section  on  the  continent.  Indian  traditions  inform  us  that  many  years  ago 
whites  came  to  the  region  and  trapped  the  wild  animals  for  furs,  but  be- 
yond this  they  took  something  from  the  ground  which  they  seemed  to  prize. 
This  excited  the  jealousy  of  the  natives  and  they  slaughtered  the  intruders 
to  a  soul.  At  a  later  date  when  the  aborigines  learned  the  value  of  gold 
strangers  were  more  suspiciously  watched  than  ever,  the  former  deter- 
mining to  hold  their  hunting  grounds  at  all  hazards.  During  the  Pike's 
Peak  and  Montana  excitement  parties  who  traveled  in  or  near  the  region 
found  "  color,"  and  from  that  time  on  the  knowledge  of  its  wealth,  only 
waiting  development,  has  been  spread  over  the  world.  Since  General  Crook 
took  command  of  the  department  large  numbers  of  settlers  have  been  en- 
abled to  go  in.  and  at  the  present  time  camps,  trading  posts  and  mail 
routes  art  established  pretty  well  throughout  the  sectioi..  Gold  has  thus 
far  been  found  in  various  quantities  and  degrees  of  purity  in  nearly  all  the 
streams  between  the  Powder  and  Y'ellowstone  rivers.  Shipments  of  gold 
from  the  Big  Horn  were  made  last  year  in  small  quantities.  The  pros- 
pects on  the  mountain  tributaries  of  the  Tongue  river  have  recently 
brightened  materially  through  the  discovery  of  some  excellent  diggings. 
There  are  between  3.500  and  4000  prospectors  and  miners  scattered  along 
the  various  streams,  some  of  whom  are  doubtless  destined  to  become  the 
Floods  and  Mackey's  of  the  future. 

*     Strahnra's  Ouirlo  Hook. 


ThK  (tOM)KX  Nouthwkht. 


108 


CHICA(U). 

The  fi;reat  Wt'stcni  Alotropolis  has  Itecn  so  fully  advertisftl  in  a  thousand 
ways,  its  history  has  been  so  often  and  extensively  written,  and  its  devel- 
opment during'  the  forty  years  in  which  it  arose  from  an  obscure  frontiev 
Indian  trading  and  military  post,  to  become  the  tifth  city  of  the  United 
States  in  size,  and  the  second  in  commercial  importance  :  all  this  is  fam- 
iliar to  almost  everybody  in  the  civilised  world.  The  story  of  the  Great 
Fire,  too,  the  most  extensive  contiagration  in  history,  is  told  in  every  tongue 
on  every  continent,  and  the  islands  of  the  sea.  JIow  the  greatest  of 
American  cities,  in  a  single  day  was  laid  in  ashes,  and  how,  within  two  or 
three  brief  years,  Chicago  had  been  rebuilt  in  more  substantial  and  costly 
manner  than  before.  Too  many  histories,  books  and  pamphlets  have  been 
jmblished  giving  a  thorough  exposition  of  Chicago,  to  render  it  necessary 
or  proper  for  us  to  go  again  over  a  groimd  already  so  well  trodden,  and  we 
shall  therefore  refer  to  the  general  features  of  the  Western  MetropoUs, 
only  briefly,  devoting  our  attention  more  particularly  to  special  matters, 
identified  with  the  objects  of  this  work. 

During  the  early  French  explorations,  a  small  trading  post  was  estab- 
lished at  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  river,  but  it  must  have  been  soon 
abandoned,  as  no  trace  of  it  was  found  by  the  later  settlers.  Sometime 
between  1795  and  1800,  John  Kinzie  established  a  trading  post  at  the  same 
place,  and  in  1804  the  U.  S.  Government  built  Fort  Dearborn  )n  the  south 
side  of  the  mouth  of  the  river.  In  1812  the  entire  garrison  WiXs  massa- 
cred by  the  Pottawatamies  on  the  bank  of  the  lake,  near  where  Sixteenth 
street  now  ends.  After  this  nothing  more  was  done  towards  settlement 
until  181(),  but  the  massacre  had  given  the  locality  a  bad  name,  and  pio- 
neers avoided  it  for  many  years.  Not  more  than  fifteen  cabins  could  be 
found  here  in  1830,  and  the  population,  a  majority  of  whom  were  Indians 
and  half  breeds,  did  not  number  to  exceed  a  hundred  persons.  Not  a 
frame  building  was  erected  until  1832,  and  the  tirst  brick  building  went  up 
the  following  year.  Chicago  was  organised  as  a  town  in  1833,  and  incor- 
porated a  city  in  1837.  the  population  then  aggregating  4,170.  In  1847  it 
had  increased  to  about  17,000,  and  at  the  census  of  1850  it  was  28,261).  In 
18(50  it  had  grown  to  10!),203 ;  in  18(55,  178,539,  and  hi  1870,  299,370.  At 
the  present  time  it  is  estimated  at  500,000. 

The  advantageous  geographical  position  occupied  by  Chicago  at  the  ex- 
treme end  of  lake  navigation,  naturally  brought  the  railroads  of  the  West 
to  its  doors,  and  such  connections  once  established,  the  trade  of  the  city 
grew  so  reniarkal)ly  that  every  succeeding  iiiie  of  railway  from  the  Atlantic 
westward,  sought  an  entrance  to  the  wonderful  (lity  of  the  West.  In  this 
way  the  interest  was  extended,  and  as  the  great  country,  lying  beyond 
Chicago  in  every  direction  was  settltd.  that  city  found  itself  in  control  of 
the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  entiri'  region ;  a  control  that  she  yet  enjoys 
and  is  likely  to  for  a  long  time. 


104 


The  (tolj)EN'  Nouthwest. 


^    1876 


THE  NKW  COURT  HOUSE. 


ik'foru  the  great  fire 
Chicafio  had  a  Court 
House  which  was  con- 
sidered as  handsome  a 
structure  as  any  great 
city  need  have.  It  was* 
huih  of  the  yellow  J(>liet 
marble,  and  in  general 
features  corresi)onded  to 
the  previiiling  taste  of 
I  Western  people  a  couple 
of  decades  ago.  Des- 
troyed by  the  conflagra- 
tion, steps  were  almost 
immediately  taken  look- 
ing to  the  replacement 
of  the  Court  House.  In 
5  work  was  com- 
Jjmenced  and  part  of  the 
building  is  half  way 
complete.  We  jiresent  an  accurate  view  of  the  edifice  as  it  will  appear 
when  completed.  The  site  is  the  same  occupied  by  the  old  Court  House, 
and  is  the  block  opposite  the  Sherman  House  on  one  side,  and  the  Cham- 
l)er  ,)f  Commerce  on  the  other.  It  is  bounded  by  Randolph,  LaHalle. 
Washington  and  Clark  streets.  The  structure  is  composed  of  two  wings, 
one  of  which  is  to  be  occupied  by  the  city,  and  the  other  by  the  county 
government.  The  entire  cost  when  complete  will  probably  reach  the  sum 
of  i?8,()00,0()()  o"  S4,()00,()00.  The  construction  is  under  the  supervisi(m  of 
Messrs.  Egan  &  Hill,  a  well  known  firm  of  Chicago  architects,  whose  de- 
terminati(ni  is  to  give  this  city  the  handsomest  and  most  convenient 
capitol  l)uilding  in  the  United  States.  That  they  will  be  able  to  do  so  no 
good  citisen  of  Chicago  doubts  for  an  instant. 

The  Tremont  House  has  a  history  intimately  c(mnecting  it  with  that  of 
Chicago.  Three  times  it  has  been  burned,  as  many  times  rebuilt,  and 
always  rising  from  its  ashes  larger  and  more  perfect.  It  was  erected  in 
IHHB,  and  burned  in  188i) ;  rel)uilt  and  opened  to  the  public  early  in  1840. 
It  was  again  ])urned  in  July,  1841).  During  the  month  following,  the 
the  foundations  were  laid  for  the  structure  consumed  in  the  general  con- 
flagration, October  9th,  1871.  This  was  a  brick  l)uilding,  completed  in 
1850.  and  opened  as  a  lirst-class  hotel,  which  re])utation  it  maintained  to 
the  last.  In  18(51,  it  was  remodeled  and  imi)rovements  made  at  a  cost  of 
$100,000.  The  Couch  Estate  suffered  heavily  in  the  great  fire,  the  Tre- 
mont being  l)ut  one  of  their  many  buildings  swept  away.  The  (]uesti(m  of 
rebuilding  the  hotel  was  held  open  for  some  time,  l)ut  was  finally  deter- 


I 


ThH    (i()I,I>KN    NdliTIIWKST. 


105 


mined,  and  tlic  well-known  iu-cliiti-ct,  Mr.  Join.  M.  VanOsdc-l,  set  tt)  work  to 
prepare  the  plans  lor  a  hotel  on  tlic  old  site  which  should  i)e  second  to  none 
in  the  countrv.  and  the  "i)iilace'"  hotel  of  Chicn^'o.  The  construction  was 
entered  upon  with  the  enerj,n-  and  enterprise'  that  has  always  characterised 
the  representatives  of  the  innuense  Couch  estate. 

The  new  hotel  occupies  the  hlock  hounded  hy  Lake  .street.  Dearhorn 
street,  and  Couch  Place,  coverini-;  nearly  aO.OOO  s(|uaiv  feet  of  f,nound,  and 
has  a  frontage  of  over  aOO  feet  in  the  very  lieart  of  tiie  city.  It  is  six 
stories  hif^h  ahove  the  hasenu'iit.  ciowned  with  towers  of  two  stories.  The 
fronts  are  of  the  heautiful  and  durahle  Amherst  sandstone.  ele{,mnt)y 
carved,  yet  of  solid  and  massive  appearance.  The  style  is  tiie  French 
Renaissance,  and  in  architectural  heauty  it  surpasses  any  huildint,'  in  the 
city,  rellectinj,' great  credit  ui)on  the  taste  and  skill  of  the  arciiitect,  and 
theliheralityof  theow^ners.  Cponthe  nnihiornrround  floor  isthe  grandrotun- 


THK  TUKMONi'   HoCSK. 


da,  fifty  l)y  one  hundred  feet,  occupying  thecentral  court,  surmounted  and 
lighted  hy  domes  of  ornamental  glass.  It  is  a]){)roache(l  hy  the  nuiin  en 
trarif-e  from  J)earborn  street,  through  a  spacious  coi'ridor,  highly  orna- 
mented hy  fitted  colunnis,  panelled  ceilhigs  and  polished  black  walnut 
wainscoathig ;  also  hy  a  similar  ccn-ridor  from  the  ladies'  entrance  on  Lake 
street.  The  ceiling  is  finished  in  i)anels  of  stucco,  the  floor  with  variegated 
marble  tile.  The  office  for  the  reception  of  guests  is  opposite,  and  in  full 
view  of  the  entrance,  and  a  model  of  ai'chitectural  and  mechanical  art,  the 
counter  and  other  cabinet  work  ])eing  more  costly  and  elaborate  than  ever 
before  put  in  a  hotel.     Opening  from  the  Lake  street  corridor  is  the  ladies 


106 


THK    (iol.DKN    NoHTIIWKST, 


reception  room,  from  which  l)y  vn  eusy  tii}j:ht  of  stairs  or  the  i)asseiiger 
elevator,  access  is  had  to  tlu'  <,'raM(l  parlors  and  the  stories  ahove.  At  the 
ri^'ht  of  the  ^'rand  entrance  is  the  ni'ws  parlor,  and  next  beyond  the  pnblic 
hathinjj;and  barbers'  department.  To  the  left  is  the  restaurant — the  hotel 
beinjj;  conducted  on  both  the  American  and  European  plans.  Ott"  this  are 
private  rooms  for  the  acccmnnodation  of  parties  desirhip:  special  service. 
Adjoinin<i;  the  ^mind  rotunda  is  the  exchange,  forty  by  (me  hundred  feet, 
the  floor  covered  with  Wilton  carpet.  The  counter,  mirror  frames  and 
wainscoating  are  the  finest  sjjecimens  of  wood-carvin}":  ever  before  used  in 
tinishinfj;  any  ])ublic  place. 

Ascendinj,'  from  the  office  by  the  grand  staircase,  or  the  elegant  carpeted 
flight  from  the  ladies'  entrance,  we  reach  the  second  story.  In  the  north- 
east corner  is  the  principal  dining  hall,  sixty-four  feet  in  width  by  one  hun- 
dred in  lengtli,  beautifully  lighted  by  ornamental  glass  windows  on  three 
sides ;  the  ceiling,  over  twenty  feet  in  height,  wrought  in  stucco,  which, 
with  the  polished  wainscoating  of  black  walnut,  and  the  mosaic  nuirble 
tloor,  makes  the  construction  of  the  room  unsurpassed. 

On  the  ])ear])orn  street  side,  and  opposite  the  grand  stairs,  are  the 
gentlemen's  parlors,  three  in  number,  comiected  as  required  by  sliding 
doors,  linished  in  the  same  costly  style,  Turkish  rugs  on  the  floors  in 
maroon  and  green,  in  harmony  with  the  velvet  furniture  and  drapings. 
Beyond  these  on  the  south  are  three  committee  rooms,  a  convenience 
found  nowhere  else,  and  very  much  appreciated  by  the  guests  and  citisens. 
On  this  floor  are  several  private  suites,  parlor  and  bed  rooms  with  bath 
and  toilet  rooms  connecting,  furnished  in  the  handsomest  and  most  com- 
fortable manner. 

The  second  floor  is  devoted  entirely  to  private  apartments  for  guests, 
and  is  furnished  in  suites  of  parlors  and  one  or  more  })ed  rooms,  and  toilet 
rooms  connecting,  and  in  single  chambed's,  each  having  hot  and  cold  water, 
marble  mantels,  grates,  etc.,  all  perfectly  lighted  and  ventilated  from  the 
street  or  the  central  court,  furnished  with  solid  black  walnut  and  velvet,  or 
polished  rosewood  with  satin,  draperies  and  carpets  matching  or  contrast- 
ing tastefully.  The  same  des(!ription  will  apply  to  the  floors  above,  there 
being  no  difference  in  the  construction  and  the  furnisliings,  carpets,  up- 
holstery, draperies,  mirrors,  mantel  ornaments  and  gas  fixtures  ail  of  the 
same  costlhiess,  differing  only  in  shades  of  coh)r.  The  building  is  practi- 
cally.///v  )»•(),)/,  behig  constructed  with  all  modern  means  for  protection 
from  damage  by  that  element.  Standing  water-pipes,  with  thirty  open- 
ings, having  hose  attached  of  sufficient  length  to  flood  with  water  every 
room  and  corridor,  connected  with  a  stationary  steam  fire  engine,  the 
floors  all  laid  in  cement,  the  partitions  filled  in  with  brick,  preventing  any 
possi])ility  of  fire  spreading  in  case  of  accident. 

There  are  three  hundred  rooms,  giving  ample  accommodaticm  for  four 
hundred  guests  in  a  first-class  unetpuilled  way,  and  although  located  so 
conveniently  in  the  busiest  quarters  of  the  city,  central  to  all  the  great  de- 


TlIK    (i()I,nF,\    NoHTHUKST, 


107 


pots,  the  hanks,  wholesak'  stores  and  places  of  t'h'<j;ant  slio])i)in<,'  and 
amusements,  it  is  yet  more  (juiet  than  any  other  hotel— the  nei^dd)orh()od 
lieinfj;  entirely  rehuilt— the  streets  on  all  sides  up  to  the  j,n-ade  and  fmished 
with  the  new  Nicholson  pavement. 


cci.vKH,  rAdi;,  hoynk  a  ro.s  iiriLi>iN(i. 


108 


ThK    (ioLDKN    NOHTHWKHT. 


Of  the  rich  and  intliiential  husiiioss  houses  of  Cliiciif^o,  es])e('inlly  those 
which  heirifi  cnpi)le(l  hy  the  tire,  stinted  immediately  a^ain  with  new  Ufe 
and  viffor,  many  have  since  <T;iown  to  proportions  they  never  dreamed  of  at- 
tainin}j[.  The  reader  will  find  an  illustraticm  of  the  husiness  premises  of 
such  a  house,  one  which  we  think  worthy  of  special  notice  as  heinf?  repre- 
sentative of  Chicaj,'o  push  and  enterprise,  and  an  instance  of  what  may  he 
the  ultimate  out<j;rowtli  of  humhle  means  and  efforts,  ri«?htfully  ai)plied 
throufi;h  i)atient,  toilsome  years.  The  house  of  Messrs.  Culver,  Page, 
Hoyne  ^:  Co.,  Nos.  118  and  120  M(mroe  street  is  one  of  the  lartjest  manu- 
facturing stationery,  hookhinding  and  printing  estahlishments  in  the  coun- 
try. The  nucleus  of  the  present  husiness  was  formed  in  1848  when  Will- 
iam Stacy  commenced  a  small  hookhindery,  which  was  hought  out  hy  H. 
Z.  Culver  and  I).  \V.  Page  in  1854.  In  the  following  year  M.  A.  Hoyne  he- 
came  a  partner,  forming  the  tirm  of  Chilver,  Page  &  Hoyne.  From  this 
time  on  to  18(56  the  tirm  were  eminently  successful  in  husiness  ;  so  much 
so  in  fact  that  they  were  compelled  to  start  a  printing  office  to  avoid  the 
losses  and  annoyances  incident  to  sending  out  their  work  to  tifty  small  of- 
fices. AccordhiglyMr.  Charles  \V.  McCluer,  was  added  to  the  concern  in 
charge  of  the  printing  department.  Prosperity  continued  until  the  fire  in  1871 
when  the  property  of  the  firm  was  entirely  destroyed.  Scarcely  a  year,  how- 
ever, had  elapsed  hefore  the  fine  structure  depicted  in  our  cut  stood  almost 
alone  in  the  street.  The  new  huilding  is  substantially  and  handsomely 
built  of  brick,  five  stories  in  height  with  very  high  ceilings  and  fitted  with 
all  modern  imi)rovements.  Each  fioor  is  about  185x45  feet  in  size.  The 
basement  extendin<'  under  the  whole  building  and  under  the  sidewalk  and 
alley  is  principally  used  for  storing  the  vast  amount  of  goods,  paper,  etc., 
and  in  it  is  placed  a  battery  of  boilers  and  the  fine  engine  which  runs  the 
large  elevator  running  from  basement  to  roof,  furnishing  all  the  power  re- 
quired in  the  various  departments  and  heats  the  entire  building  by  steam. 
The  first  floor  is  entirely  occupied  by  the  stationery  store  of  the  house,  and 
is  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  world.  The  second  floor  is  rented  to 
the  I'niiric  Funiicr  Company.  The  tliird  is  used  for  storing  goods  in 
original  packages  and  cases.  The  fourth  is  the  largest  and  most  complete 
printing  establishment  on  one  fioor  in  the  United  States.  The  mammoth 
book  bindery  of  the  firm  is  located  on  the  fifth  fioor.  In  all  the  above  de- 
partments a  force  of  nearly  two  hundred  men  is  employed.  The  firm  per- 
scmally  are  well  known  Jind  prominent  citizens.  The  senior  member  Mr. 
H.  Z.  Culver  is  prominently  connected  with  insurance  interests  as  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Insurance  Company,  and  Messrs.  Hoyne,  Page  and 
McCluer  are  equally  prominent  commercially  and  socially  among  the  s(did 
men  of  Chicago. 

CHICAGO  AND  MICHIGAN  LAKE  SHOKE  RAILROAD. 

Among  the  many  iron  tentacles  that  stretch  out  from  Chicago,  the 
greatest  railroad  centre  in  the  world,  grasping  and  drawing  into  its  mouth 


V 


TlIK    (lOLDKN    NoHTHWKSI 


10'.> 


the  eomint  ret'  of  tlic  iiiitions.  tlir  Chicii^'o  luul  Miclii<,'aii  Lakt-  Shore  rail- 
road is  not  the  least  iiiiportaiit.  Its  main  line  cxttiids  t'roni  New  HiitTalo 
to  Pentwater,  170  miles,  with  a  l»rauch  from  MoUand  to  (iraiid  liai)ids.  'in 
miles,  and  another  from  Aluskej^'on  to  Hijj;  Kapids.  ')'>  miles.  Trains  with 
sleepers  attached  run  direct  from  Cliica^'o  via  this  line  to  (irand  Hai)ids. 
via  Holland.  The  distance  from  Chica^'o  to  New  J^uft'alo  is  (il»  miles,  and 
from  thence  to  (iraiid  llai»',ds  ll;j  miles.  A  numher  of  thrivin<,'  connnercial 
and  mannfacturin*,' towns  are  stations  on  this  road  :  amonjj  them  may  he 
mentioned  New  Butl'alo,  St.  Josejjh,  Benton  Harhor,  Hartford,  Jianifor 
(where  there  are  lar<^fe  furnaces  and  smeltinj,'  works),  (iraiul  .lunction.  the 
erossinjj;  of  the  South  Haven  and  Kalamazoo  hranch  of  the  Michi<ian  Cen- 
tral li.  It. ;  liichmond,  near  the  mouth  of  Kahimazoo  river,  is  the  point  of 
departure  for  a  small  steamer  that  runs  to  East  Sau}j;atucl\,  making  close 
frei«j;ht  and  i)assen{;;er  connecticm  between  this  road  and  that  place,  six 
miles  from  liiidimond  on  the  lake.  At  Holland  the  (Miica^'o  aiul  Lake 
Shore  K.  i\.  crosses  the  C.  &  M.  L.  S,  R.  R.  Rohinson  is  an  imi)ortant 
lumheriufj;  point.  Nunica  is  the  crossinfi;  of  the  Detroit  and  Milwaidvee 
railroad,  and  is  a  joint  station  of  the  two  roads.  Fruitport,  a  ))rominent 
station,  has  the  advantage  of  a  celebrated  mineral  sprinj,',  and  is  an  already 
popular  and  growinj?  summer  resort.  Between  this  point  and  Grand  Haven, 
and  Perrysville,  a  small  steamer  makes  frequent  trips.  AIuskefj;()n,  another 
important  i)()int  on  the  road,  is  tli3  jjreatest  lumbering  centre  in  Northern 
Michigan,  and  the  company  transacts  a  large  carrying  business  in  hauling 
lotis  to  mills  between  Muskegon,  ]3ig  Rapids,  Whitehall,  Montague,  Shelby, 
Mears  and  Pentwater. 

On  the  branch  from  Muskegon  to  Big  Rapids  are  the  heavy  lumbering 
points  of  Twin  Lake,  Holton,  P'remont  Lake,  Worcester,  Alleyton,  White 
Cloud,  Traverse  Road,  Hungerford,  and  Big  Rapids. 

The  equipment  of  the  Chicago  and  Michigan  Lake  Shore  road  is  ample 
and  excellent :  it  has  250  tlat  cars,  150  box  cars,  72  coaches,  and  27  engines. 
The  road  is  well  graded,  tied  and  ironed,  and  generally  is  regarded  by  ex- 
perts to  be  in  as  satisfactory  a  condition  as  any  line  of  railway  in  the 
country.  Both  its  freight  and  passenger  traffic  are  extensive  and  rapidly 
increasing  under  the  energetic  administration  of  Geo.  C.  Kimball,  Esq., 
general  manager,  an  officer  whose  executive  abilities  command  for  him 
the  respect  of  the  railroad  profession,  and  the  confidence  of  the  public  who 
have  been  benefited  by  the  advance  in  general  usefulness  made  by  the  road 
since  he  took  hold  of  its  affairs.  Mr.  Kimball's  task  is  lightened  by  his 
good  fortune  in  having  an  excellent  staff  of  experts  about  him.  Mr.  C.  M. 
Lawler,  assistant  superintendent,  is  a  railroad  official  of  high  standing 
and  ability,  and  justly  popular  with  the  friends  and  patrons  of  the  road. 
Mr.  A.  M.  Nichols,  general  freight  and  passenger  agent,  is  also  a  well 
known,  respected  and  al)le  officer.  The  united  labors  of  these  executive 
officers  have  rendered  the  road  (me  of  Chicago's  most  important  rail  con- 
nections. 


no 


ThK    (iol,l>KN    NoinilNVKKT, 


ST.  .lOSEl'H,  MICH. 

St.  .T()Ht'i)li  is  a  ImiKlKonu'  liikf  port  imd  villii},'^  Hituated  on  Lake  Micli- 
ipui,  at  \hv  montli  of  tlu'  St.  -Fostph  Uivcr,  in  latitude  4'2 ;  it  is  (52  inilcH 
from  Cliica},'o.  and  ahoiit  100  from  Milwaukee,  with  both  of  whieh  eitieH 
daily  steam  communication  is  manitained  during'  theneaHon  of  navigation. 
The  St.  JoHeph  River  traverseH  the  county  from  the  south-east  throuf^di 
the  city  of  Niles  and  the  villa{i;es  of  IJuchanan  and  JJerrien ;  the  Paw  Paw 
River  from  the  north-east  throujjfh  the  villaf,'e  of  Watervliet  and  near 
Colona,  and  the  two  rivers  unite  near  the  mouth  of  the  former,  forming 
with  the  lake  two  peninsulas.  The  St.  .Joseph  is  navigable  for  river 
stea?ners  for  the  distance  of  100  miles  and  the  Paw  Paw  f(U-  thirty. 

The  village  of  St.  Joseph  occupies  a  plateau  fifty  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  lake  and  river,  on  the  peninsula  above  described.  The  site  is  one  of 
the  most  picturescpie  and  attractive  in  the  whole  Northwest,  posHesshig  the 


y^:H'".''/^>/y",.' 


.AV^V;^--^^^/ 


PARK  HOTEL. 


further  advantage  of  being  entirely  free  from  malarial  or  zymatic  diseases 
of  anykind,  and  considered  one  of  the  most  healthy  localities  in  the  country. 
The  population  of  St.  Joseph  according  to  the  latest  census  was  2,718  and 
is  steadily  growing.  The  village  has  a  fine  Union  School  well  sustained, 
and  seven  church  societies,  all  of  which  are  believed  to  be  in  a  prosperous 
condition.  One  of  the  principal  features  of  trade  at  this  point  is  the  im- 
mense fruit  interest  centreing  at  St.  Joseph  from  the  surrounding  region, 
e(mceded  to  be  the  finest  peach  growing  region  in  the  West.  In  addition 
to  the  principal  crop,  large  quantities  of  small  fruits  such  as  grapes  and 
blackberries  are  shipped  to  Chicago  daily  during  their  season. 

St.  Joseph  is  the  most  popular  fishing  resort  anywhere  within  two  hun- 
dred miles  of  Chicago.  From  the  pier,  off  the  bar  and  up  the  river, 
according  to  wind  and  weather,  hundreds  of  people  may  be  seen  every  day 
busy  catching  the  most  splendid  specimens  of  bass,  pike,  pickerel,  oisco. 


Tin;    (ioLDKN    NoinilWKS'l 


111 


TiiUHkHl(»nt,'c  aiHl  jMich.  'I'lu-  Lhhh  lisliiiiy  at  this  point  is  ciiccially  fam- 
oUH,  it  lu'iiij,' a  (■(•imnuii  tliiiiji  to  iiook  l)la<-lv  l»ass  \vci},'ljiii«,'  iroiii  thn-f  to 
five  pounds,  and  l)y  the  inuKhcd.  KvciytliinK  ricniisiti"  to  the  enjoyment 
of  tlu'  sport  is  found  on  the  «,'round.  Tlu'iv  an-  pK-nty  of  «i[()od  boats,  hait, 
and  tacklf.  Above  all  the  an^'lcr  linds  at  St.  Josoph  Honjctliin^'  almost  a 
ram  tiris,  one  of  tlu'  finest  and  lilu  rally  kei)t  tirst-class  hotels  in  the  West. 
The  Park  House  eomhicted  l»y  Mr.  Sam.  iJrown.  one  of  the  hest  hotel 
nuinaj,'ers  in  th<' country,  was  formerly  the  handsomest  and  most  costly 
private  mansion  in  (he  vicinity.  It  is  (piite  commodious  enouj^h  to  royally 
lod^e  II  lar<i;e  number  of  ^niests,  and  its  location  isone  of  the  most  elij,Mble  in 
the  villa^'e.  l'ind)owere(l  amidst  noble  forest  trees  that  almost  hide  it  from 
si^'ht,  it  is  surrounded  by  splendid  ^'rounds,  carefully  trimmed  and  pir- 
dened.  Nothing'  could  be  more  afj;reeable  to  sportsnum  or  family  than  tlie 
(|uiet  relinement  of  this  little  i)alace  by  the  lake,  where  every  delicacy  one 
finds  at  a  Delmonico's,  is  served  to  enra])ture  the  ])alate,  and  where  rest 
is  sought  in  apartments  fit  for  princes.  The  drives  in  the  neij^hborhood  of 
St.  Joseph  are  charmin<f  and  in  every  respect  it  is  as  attractive  a  Sunmier 
resort  as  can  he  found  anywhere  in  the  (iolden  North- West. 

BENTON  HAltBOK. 

Benton  Harbor  is  a  lake  villaj^e  extensively  en}i;aged  in  the  Michigan 
fruit  trade,  situated  on  Lake  Michigan  near  St.  Joseph.  The  early  history 
of  the  place  is  unimi)()rtant,  l)ut  a  good  nniny  yc^ars  ago  it  began  to  be 
noticed  that  fruit  orchards  in  the  vicinity  invariably  escaped  the  frosts 
that  killed  fruit  in  other  and  not  distant  localities.  In  consecpience  of  this 
discovery,  land  was  largely  bought  up  at  high  prices,  and  devoted  to  peach 
culture,  which  interest  alone  has  made  Benton  Harbor  a  place  of  consider- 
able importance.  In  1860  a  village  was  laid  out  on  a  flat  near  the  marsh 
which  extends  to  the  lake,  and  it  was  at  first  called  Brunson  Harbor.  A 
canal  twenty-five  feet  wide  and  eight  feet  deep  was  completed  to  the  lake 
in  1862.    In  1865  the  name  of  the  village  was  changed  to  Benton  Harbor. 

Recently  the  canal  has  been  widened  to  fifty  feet,  making  it  navigable 
for  vessels  of  considerable  size.  There  are  a  number  of  line  business 
buildings  in  the  village,  several  substantial  places  of  worship,  and  a  large 
Union  School  built  at  a  cost  of  $30,000.  The  population  of  Benton  Har- 
bor is  in  the  neighborhood  of  1,200. 

Among  the  principal  advantages  which  Benton  Harbor  enjoys  commer- 
cially, the  greatest  is  the  intimate  and  extensive  connection  maintained 
with  the  metropolis  by  the  steamer  line  of  Messrs.  Graham,  Morton  »!t  Co., 
Benton  Harbor,  Mich.,  and  48  River  street,  Chicago.  The  popular  and  fast 
passenger  steamer  Messenger  runs  regularly,  leaving  the  company's  dock 
at  the  foot  of  Wabash  avenue  every  morning  at  10  o'clock,  Saturdays  and 
Sundays  excepted ;  on  Saturdays  it  leaves  at  11.30  v.  m.  Returning,  the 
steamer  leaves  Benton  Harbor  every  evening  at  9  o'clock,  Saturday  ex- 
cepted.    The  trip,   occupying  five  hours  either  way,  is  the  pleasantest 


IIS 


TlIK    (lOI.DKN    XdllTHNVKHT, 


iicroHH  tli«'  Itikr.  It  iillows  piiitics  from  Cliicn^'o  n  lon^'  iiftciiinuM  in  Utn- 
ton  Iliirltor.  I'ollowcd  l»y  ii  pldisinif  ni;j;lit's  irst  in  uconifortiililc  McsHcn^'cr 
Htiitf  room,  iTiicliinj,'  Cliicii^jo  lirij,'lit  and  curly  in  the  inorninf,'.  Ah  an 
(ixtrii  ind  iccnu'iit  to  triivrl.  tiic  miinii{j;cm«nt.  wliilr  maintaininK  the  \v.hhv[ 
(and  all  in  tlu'ir  line)  in  a  style  ot  imcxciptionaldc  lilxrality.  liavt-  |)ut  the 
far*'  down  to  tlic  low  tijj;iirc  of  S'2.  hcrtli  inclndt'd,  for  the  ronnd  ti"i|»,  or 
ijil.no  nicii  way.  Frci^dits  arc  carried  as  low  liy  tins  as  hy  any  other  liin'. 
Freights  are  also  carried  l»y  this  exct  llent  liiu'  for  Haj^'cr.  Iliverside.  Colona. 
Watcrvliet.  ITartford.  Han^,'or.  Hreedsvillc.  (Irand  Junction,  Milll)m<j;h, 
Pipi'stont',  Eau  Claire,  Ht-rrien  Ci'iitre.  and  Slian<,'hai.  Mt'ssrH.  (iiaham, 
Morton  it  Co.  also  do  a  j^'cneral  dockajj[e  and  stora<j;e  hiisincHsat  reasonahle 
rates.  The  following'  tine  propellers  run  from  their  dock:  the  \l.  ('. 
lirittain,  for  Sau<.Mituck  :  the  J)ou<,das  Trader,  for  i*entvvater ;  and  the 
Snook,  for  Vv'hitehall  and  Montague. 

If  the  reader  ever  has  occasion  to  visit  either  St.  .lose])!!  or  Benton  Ilar- 
l)or,  he  shoidd  not  fail  to  patronise  the  Messen^'er. 


THE  HOOSAC  TUNNEL  IIOUTE. 

Not  only  is  the  fj;reat  Hoosac  Tunnel  route  hetween  Chicajjo  and  Boston 
and  the  East  interesting,'  hecanse  of  the  ])re-ennnence  it  has  «j;ained  over 
rival  lines  in  po])ularity  and  tratlic,  hut  as  well  because  it  is  identified  with 
one  of  the  greatest  enfi;ineerin<i;  triumphs  of  history.  Exceptinfj;  only  the 
Mount  Cenis  Tunnel,  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  is  the  larfj;eHt  in  the  world,  and 
the  lar}>;eHt  in  the  United  States.  The  Mount  Cenis  Tuimel,  which  was 
constructed  jointly  by  the  ^'overnments  of  France  and  Italy,  is  seven  and 
one-half  miles  in  Uur^th,  while  the  H;)oh;ic  Tunnel  is  four  and  three-fourths 
of  a  mile  in  lenj^th,  or  2.5,081  feet.  The  present  cost  of  the  tunnel, 
includinf?  interest,  is  estinuited  to  he  al)out  sixteen  million  dollars. 

The  arch  of  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  is  twenty-six  feet  wide,  and  from 
twenty-two  to  twenty-six  feet  high,  thus  affording  ample  room  for  a  double 
track,  and  insuring  the  greatest  safety.  At  the  west  entrance  to  the  tun- 
nel (North  Adams)  is  an  elegant  granite  facade,  the  superior  workmanship 
of  which  attests  the  thorough  and  substantial  character  of  the  entire 
structure.  Twenty-live  hundred  feet  from  the  west  end  of  the  tunnel  is  the 
west  shaft,  which  is  three  hundred  and  eighteen  feet  to  the  outlet  at  the 
top ;  while  twelve  thousand  two  hundred  and  forty-four  feet  from  the  west 
end,  or  not  quite  midway  through  the  tunnel,  is  the  central  shaft,  measur- 
ing fifteen  by  twenty-seven  feet,  and  being  one  thousand  and  twenty-eight 
feet  from  the  bed  of  the  tunnel  to  the  summit  of  the  mountain.  While 
passing  through  the  tunnel  eastward,  the  traveler's  attention  will  be  at- 
tracted successively  to  three  great  lights,  the  tirst  indicating  that  one- 
quarter  of  the  distance  has  been  accomplished,  while  the  third  indicates 
that  three-fourths  of  the  distance  has  been  overcome. 

The  grade  of  the  tunnel  is  al)Out  twenty-six  feet  to  the  mile  from  either 


TlIK   CiDLUKN    NuinHWKhT. 


ii:; 


portal  to  till'  cintiiil  slml't.  so  tlmt  wliili'  npitrniicliiii),'  tlic  (•riilriil  slmft  tin 
j,'rii(lt' is  asc(  iKJiiiu  tJMic.  ami  (IcsccikIhijj;  tin  r»'iil'tt  r.  Tliiis  it  is.  :iiiil  li> 
till'  aid  o|  II  tJiiilM  (lit  into  tlir  solid  rock  lird.  and  vaiviiij,'  t'luiii  oiir  nr  two 
I'l'i't  ill  tiiaiiK  It  r.  that  tlir  vast  v«)luuii'  of  watci.  csliiiiatrd  to  \)v  alioiit  si\ 
liundn-d  ualjtais  per  niiimtf.  lorcis  its  way  out  of  tin-  tiimitl.  iiiin^diiit! 
with  that  of  tlif  lloosac  ri\fi-. 

At  its  ;,'rfati'st  altitude  fiom  the  hcd  n\'  tlic  tiiiiiii  I,  flu'  Ijodsaf  Miam- 
tain  is  aitoiit  niiu'tccii  liiinditti  feet.  Wlun.  a  lew  years  ai."i.  the  jniiniey 
ovep  the  nioiintain  was  accdniplished  hy  staj^'e.  from  two  to  three  hours 
w«'i'e  I'etpiii-ed  ;  now  tiie  passa*.',*' through  the  tnniiel  ean  he  made  in  aliout 
ten  minutes.  Thus  time  and  space  are  anniiiilated  !  Tlius  the  hiiniers  of 
nature  i/\\A'  way  to  the  ad\ancenient  and  eiili>^ditenmeiit  of  civilisation. 

From  a  comiiieicial  point  of  \iew,  if  from  no  other,  the  completion  and 
successful  operation  of  the  Hoosac  'runnel  must  he  lennrded  as  one  of  the 
}j;nindest  achievements  of  modern  times.  .Iiid;j;in;f  it  as  a  whole,  as  the 
result  of  the  lahor  and  industry  of  nearly  a  tpiarter  of  a  century,  it  stands 
a  livinfj;  nKamnieiit  to  the  enterprise  and  pro^'ress  of  the  American  peoph 
u  Htatiie  to  the  triumph  of  eiijiineerinj.;:  skill  an  tnihlem  of  eiilijjiteii- 
mcnt.  of  ci\ilisatioii,  of  (diristianity.  of  liherty, 

TlIK  MlCIIKiAN  CKNTHAL  IIAII.W  \V. 

The  advantau'es  of  tra\el  over  the  lines  of  the  Mi(dji;^aii  Ceiitr.al  laihsas 
art'  numerous,  it  is  known  to  he  th,  most  direi  t.  the  most  coinfortahie  hut 
beyond  this  it  the  only  east  and  west  line  that  runs  the  ma^nilici'iit  and 
comenient  dininti:  cars  wherein  the  Imntjry  tijiveler  may  eat  at  his  leasiire. 
and  likewise  at  tluTate  of  forty  miles  an  luair.  This  system  does  eiitiiidy 
away  with  the  excessively  disa^noeahle  jump  and  run  exjjeriences  of  rail- 
way station  feeding'.  Moreover  the  ciiiHin'c  is  c(mi])arahle  only  w  itli  that  of 
ihe  very  first  liottds.  All  meals  are  served  at  the  moderate  price  of  seventy- 
live  cents  each,  while  the  wine  card  temi)ts  the  epieure  with  every  standard 
vinta^'e  and  taji  kniwvn  to  the  most  exclusive  (diih.  It  should  he  reniem- 
hered  that  a  view  of  the  Nia^'ara  Falls  can  only  he  ohtained  hy  this  naiti', 
the  crossiiifi  of  the  Niagara  river  hehi^'  in  su(di  a  positicm  that  laisseiif^crs 
are  enabled  to  enjoy  the  most  perfect  view  of  the  whole  <inuu\  scene  w  Idle 
reelhnni-eomfortahly  in  their  seats.  Both  for  frei^dit  and  jiassaj^e  the  Mi(di- 
ij,'an  Central  is  the  most  popular  east  and  west  route  connecting'  Chicaiio 
with  the  seaboard. 

THE  LAKE  SHORE  AND  >nCHIGAN  SOl'THEKN  RAILWAY. 

The  Lake  Shore  and  Michi^nin  Southern  Railway  is  one  of  the  oldest 
as  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  connections  with  the  East,  that  Chicago 
possesses.  Intimately  coimected  in  controU  and  manaj^'enient  with  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  it  offers  one  of  the  Ihiest  routes  ima<,anahle  to 
and  from  New  York  and  the  Atlantic  seaboard.     It  is  the  only  all  rail 

8 


114 


The  Golj)F,n  North wkst. 


route  to  the  East  that  avoids  both  fcvrics  and  tniiisfers.  Both  as  to  frei<j:ht 
and  passt'ii^'er  hiisiin'ss,  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michi«j;an  Southern  liaihvay 
is  as  important  a  line  as  any  in  the  worhl ;  its  advantages  as  a  trunk  Hue 
are,  however,  of  j^reater  interest  to  the  readers  of  this  work  than  are  otlier 
considerations.  Thi-ou^ih  slee})injj;  eoaches  run  hetween  Clnca<,'o  and  New 
York,  via  Alhany,  on  every  I'xpress  train.  This  Hue  passes  a  j^reater  nuni- 
her  of  {ijreat  points  of  interest  to  the  l)nsiness  man  liian  perhaj)s  any  other 
of  e(pial  lenjrth  in  the  I'nited  States.  All  the  <>reat  counnereial  eities  of 
Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  and  the  Eastern  and 
Middle  States  may  be  (|uickly,  conveniently,  and  comfortahly  visited  hy  the 
Lake  Shore  route. 

THE  GRAND  TIU  NK  LINE. 

The  Grand  Trunk  railway  is  one  of  the  most  im])ortant  links  that  con- 
nect the  west  and  east  socially  and  commercially.  It  enjoys  advantages 
superior  to  those  of  other  lines  hi  controllin.u  a  vast  traffic  both  to  and 
from  Anun-ican  and  Canadian  termini.  For  passeiij^'ers  it  is  hy  several 
dollars  the  cheapest  route  to  Boston  and  points  in  Elaine,  New  Hani])shire. 
Vermont  and  i\rassachusetts.  As  a  pleasure  route  the  (irand  Trunk  otters 
attractions  superior  to  any  possessed  hy  any  other  line.  It  connects  with 
river  steamers  for  the  heautiful  trij)  to  the  Thousand  Islands  and  the  St. 
Lawrence  river  to  Montreal,  sliootin<i;  the  woild  renowmd  iJapids  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  hy  dayli<^ht.  This  is  the  direct  route  via  ]\[ontreal  toQiiehec. 
St.  Johns,  Halifax,  White  ^fountains,  Po]-tland,  Boston.  Lake  Champlain 
Lake  (ieorfie,  Hudson  liver.  and  seaside  resorts.  Throu<2;h  ^Va|!;ner  cars 
acc()mj)any  every  evening;  ex])ress  train  from  Chicago  to  Buffalo  and  Boston 
without  chan<j;e.  and  rullman  Palaces  are  attardied  tothe  9.00  A.  j\I.  through 
express  from  Chicago  to  Portland,  making'  the  entire  run  witliout  change. 

THE  CANA])A  SOUTHEBN  BAIL  WAY. 

The  lines  of  this  enter]irising  and  powerful  railway  corporation,  extend- 
ing frcmi  Detroit  and  Toledo  to  lUitfalo.  with  their  Niagara  extension,  form 
the  only  route  from  the  West  running  directly  to  Niagara  Falls.  They 
atford  passengers  an  opportunity  of  witnessing  tlu'  Horse  'Shoi'  Falls  and 
the  mighty  rapids  from  the  train,  and  land  them  on  the  Canadian  side, 
within  one  block  of  the  Clifton  and  Pros])ect  Houses,  where  the  finest  view 
of  the  Falls  is  obtained.  Among  all  the  iron  roads  leading  to  and  from  the 
western  metroi)olis.  none  are  more  worthy  of  nott>  than  the  Canada  South- 
ern Railway. 

THE  GREAT  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  CANADA. 

The  (4reat  Western  Railway  of  Canada,  whi(di  runs,  in  connection  with 
the  Michigan  Central  Railway,  through  Canada  from  Detroit  to  Sus])ension 
Bridge  at  Niagara-  Falls,  is  one  of  the  finest  trunk  hues  on  the  continent, 
and  magnificently  supplies  tlie  great  link  which  otherwise  wcnild  l)e  miss- 
ing in  the  direct  route  from  Chicago  to  the  P^ast.     Everything  i)ertaining 


ThR    GoLDKN    NoilTHWKST, 


iir> 


('ill's 


t'lid- 
t'onu 
They 

and 
side, 

view 
)iu  the 

MUltll- 


n  witli 

fiisioii 

tiueiit, 

misB- 

rtiiiing 


to  tlie  fr(;i<rht  or  ])iissen<for  seniee  of  the  Uik'  is  iini])lt'  and  exi^ellent,  and 
the  Great  Western  desi'rvcdly  ranks  anion<j;  the  most  neeessary  and  vahia- 
hle  railway  connections  in  the  <freat  Chica<^'o  system  of  east  and  west  Hues. 

THE  CHICAGO,  ALTON  AXJ)  ST.  LOl'IS  LINES. 

The  <»reat  network  of  railways  extcndin<j;  from  Chicaj^o  south,  south- 
west and  west,  controlled  and  oi)cratcd  hy  theChicat^'o.  Alton  and  Sr.  Louis 
Railway  Company,  is  a  uiiijjfnilici'ni  moninncnt  to  western  cntci-prisc.  Be- 
yond ([ucstion  the  metro])olis  owes  a  ji;real  deal  of  its  commercial  supre- 
macy to  the  trade  fed  to  it  Ity  the  numerous  lines,  branches  and  cormec- 
tions  of  this  <i:it>antic  (irf^anisation.  We  can  only  refer  Itrietly  to  the 
advantafj,es  and  facilities  ott'ei'ed  for  1'reif.jht  and  passage  l)y  the  Chicago, 
Alton  and  St.  l^ouis  lines,  as  the  limit  of  our  available  space  renders  an 
extended  notice  im])r!ictical)le.  Luxurious  and  costly  ilirnng  cars  are 
attacdied  to  all  through  trains,  upon  whi(di  ])assengers  may  take  their 
meals  comfortably  at  the  moderate  rate  of  s(;venty-hve  cents  ])er  nu'al, 
the  table  being  eqmil  in  e\ery  ns])ect  to  that  of  the  liest  hotels.  Magniii- 
cent  reclining  (hair  cars  have  been  recently  placed  ou  the  lines  of  this 
company,  for  the  advantages  of  which  tirst-class  passengers  are  not  (duirged 
anything  extra.  No  other  line  running  between  Chicagn  and  Kansas  City 
furnishes  tluise  reclining  (diair  cars,  and  no  other  line  runs  Pullman  Palace 
sleeping  cars  and  dining  cars  between  Chicago  and  Springiield,  and  Chicago 
and  St.  Louis.  The  Chicago,  Alton  and  St.  Jjouis  is  by  over  two  hours  the 
(piickest  route  to  Kansas  City,  Denver,  Pueblo,  and  all  ])oints  west  of  the 
Mississi])pi  river,  it  should  not  be  forgotten  that  the  superior  attractions 
ottered  to  the  tra\cling  public  l»y  this  comi)any,  are,  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent, due  to  the  te(dmical  skill,  energy  and -enterprise  of  Mr.  J.  C.  McMul- 
lin.  General  Managi'r,  and  ^Ir.  .hanes  Charlton,  General  Passenger  and 
Ticket  Agent,  at  Chicago.  P)oth  of  these  gentlemen  stand  a.t  the  head  of 
their  ])rofessi(in  in  the  departments  of  the  service  they  repi'esent,  and  have 
earned  reputat'(>'ts  for  statesmanlike  administration  of  whi(di  they  niay 
excusably  feel  juoud.  In  addition,  both  ^Ir.  'McMullin  and  ^Ir.  Charlton, 
personally,  are  among  the  most  ]iopuiar  of  our  high-rank  railway  olticials, 
enjoying  the  contideiice  and  resjject  of  the  business  men  and  society  gen- 
erally in  Chicago. 

THfi  CHICAIH).  POCK  ISLAND  AND  PACIFIC  RAILPOAD. 

The  Chicago,  lenk  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad,  one  of  the  most  colossal 
<n-ganisations  of  tlu  kind  in  the  world,  is  the  great  freight  and  passenger 
(carrier  between  Chicago  and  the  West.  Its  great  overland  express  train 
hetween  Chicago  and  Omaha  is  an  institution  almost  as  well  known  as  the 
line  itself.  A  ])eculiarity  of  these  overland  trains  is  that  they  are  accom- 
panied, Itetween  Chicago  and  Omaha,  by  the  new  and  elegant  dining  and 
restaurant  ears  recently  completed  by  the  road  at  a  lu'avy  cost.  In  these 
flying  palaces  delicious  nu'als  are  served  from  full  hill  of  fare  for  7o  cents, 


116 


The  Golden  Nouthwesi . 


and  twt)  hours'  time  allowed  to  each.     J3et\veeu  re<>idMV  meals  aiiythiii<i;  in 
the  market   is  served  <i  hi  carte,   at  moderate   rates,   while  tlu'   hult'et  is 

stocdied  with  the  finest  ales,  wines,   li(iuors  and  cipirs  to  ite  obtained  in 

the  country.     These,  amonj^  other  inducements,  render  the  C'hica^^o.  iiock 

Island  and  Pacific  the  most  comfortahle  and  popular  trunk  line  in  the  West. 

H.  C.  'i.FFANY  \'  CO. 

One  of  the  reasons  Chicago  has  ])ushed  its  way  ahead  of  rival  cities,  is 
no  uouht  because  it  has  been  notoriously  the  most  lavish  in  its  use  of 
printer's  ink  of  any  commimity  in  the  country.  Thus  it  has  kept  itself 
extensively  before  the  eye  of  the  peoi)le  here  and  wherever  \mwi  is  read  \)\ 
man.  Tliis  peculiar  and  enter])risinjf  policy  has  <2;iven  birth  to  some  of  the 
largest  ])rintinji'  and  ])ublisliing-  enterj)rises  in  tlie  world,  representative  of 
which  it  may  not  be  improja'r  to  refer  to  the  house  of  Messrs.  H.  ('.  Tif- 
fany A:  Co.,  Nos.  151  and  li")8  Fifth  avenue,  Chicaji;o.  the  leading  estal)lish- 
ment  of  the  whole  West  in  the  lines  of  whi(di  it  makes  specialties,  and  tlu' 
e((nal  of  any  other  house  in  the  general  dei)artnients  of  the  printing  and 
pnblishing  Imshiess.  The  firm  make  a  si)ecialty  of  insurance  sup- 
plies of  all  descri])tions,  and  keep  in  stock  a  larger  assortment  of  insur- 
ance blanks  (both  tire  and  nnirine)  than  can  be  found  anywhere 
else  in  the  I  nited  States.  Companies  and  agents  are  supplied  at  moderatt' 
rates,  and  samples  of  any  of  the  Idanks  are  furnished  on  a])])lication. 
Some  of  the  finest  w(n'k  in  the  way  of  book  and  periodical  ])nl)lication  is 
daily  tnrned  ont  in  large  (piantities  at  the  establishment  of  Messrs.  II.  C. 
Tiffany  &  Co. 

THE  AMERICAN  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  CHICA(U). 

The  commercial  metropolis  of  the  West  has  many  excellent  and  sub- 
stantial financial  and  insurance  institutions  which  are  at  once  a  credit  to 
the  city  and  to  the  public  spirited  citisens  to  whom  they  owe  existence. 
We  could  not  hope  to  review  all  of  these,  pleasant  to  us  and  intert'sting  to 
the  reader  as  the  task  would  be  and  we  nmst  content  ourselves  with  a  few 
remarks,  emanating  frcmi  a  disinterested  source,  regarding  oneof  our  most 
j)opular,  ably  nnmaged  and  prosi)er(nis  insurance  companies.  We  {|Uote 
the  remarks  of  the  New  York  liKlcju'iuJciif,  (ijn-ojmx  of  the  American  lusui- 
ance  Company  of  Chicago  : 

"Wisdom  and  duty  are  often  inseparable,  in  a  sense-  we  may  say 
always ;  since  it  is  the  part  of  wisdom  to  dc,  our  duty,  and  duty  to  act  the 
part  of  wisdom. 

It  is  wise  to  protect  one's  property  against  unforseen  accitlents  and 
destruction,  as  well  as  our  duty  to  provide  for  our  families.  This  is  an  old 
story ;  nevertheless  true,  and  as  pertinent  to-day  as  when  Adam  was 
thrown  upon  his  own  resoiu'ces  from  the  Clarden  of  Eden.  That  our  ])i()- 
perty  will  or  will  not  be  destroyed  by  tire  we  do  not  and  caimot  know. 
That  somebody's  property  is  being  destroyed  by  tire  every  day  of  the  year, 
and  will  be  so  long  as  time  continues,  no  one  will  dispute.     That  a  tire  will 


TlIK    (ioLDKN    NoRTHVVKST. 


117 


lice. 

lo-  to 
few 

most 
note 
ism- 

siiy 
t  tlu' 

iiutl 
111  old 

])ro- 

vHOW. 

yeiir, 
•(Mvill 


not  occur  wlicii  we  art-  \viiitinfj;  and  \vut(diinfi[,  is  un(iueHtioiiJil)ly  certain. 
At  tlic  dead  lioiii' o)' inidiii^dit,  or  in  tlif  Hash  of  IiKlitnin<j;.  or  pcrclinnce 
when  iiusl)and  and  protector  is  far  away  in  the  tiehl,  shouhl  tlu'  demon 
strike,  and  ^Ye  are  without  security,  we  can  only  exclaim  :  Too  late!  Wis- 
dom and  duty  hotli  dictate  that  no  person  with  home  and  property  should 
he  without  insiiranct'  in  some  one  of  our  manyjjjood  and  reliahh;  insurance 
companies;  and  amony  all  we  know  of  none  more  worthy  of  the  contidence 
and  patronajif  of  tlie  farmer  and  those  owninjj;  dwellinjj;  houses  than  the 
.\merican  Insurance  Company,  of  C'hica<,'o.  conlinin<i;  its  husiness  to  farm 
])ro])erty.  dwelling  liouses.  churtdies  and  scliool  houses;  writinf,' no  ])olicies 
in  any  of  thi'  larj^c  cities,  and  only  !i^r).00()  on  any  one  risk  nuikhif,'  p'eat 
loss  hy  swe('i)in<i;  contla.uration  im])ossil)le.  With  cash  assets  amounting  to 
.S*.M)-l."i'il.;*l.  hcinu'  S47(>.;5or).()7  more  than  is  necessary,  under  the  insurance 
laws  of  tifty  per  cent,  reserve,  to  pay  all  liahilities  and  I'einsure  all  out- 
standing- risks  :  in  addition  to  which  this  c()m])any  has  over  one  and  one- 
half  million  of  dollars  of  installment  notes  not  yet  dui'." 

The  followinu'  statement  of  the  amount  of  cash  received  hy  twenty-four 
I'ompanies  doinji  the  lar<i;est  husiness  in  the  State  of  Illinois  during  the 
year  1H77,  as  shown  I)y  the  t)tticial  re|)orts  on  tile  in  the  insurance  depart- 
ment of  that  state.  i)laces  the  "American"  at  the  head  of  the  list ;  and  also 
shows  the  total  receipts  in  Illinois,  Indiana,  Misscmri.  Wisconsin,  Iowa, 
and  C)hio  l»y  the  same  companies: 


NAMK    OK    eOMCANY. 

!                                           1 
j        HOME  oKFier;. 

TTjMN'OIS. 

TOT.\r.. 

AllMM'icflll                  ... 

( 'liicayo 

$22(1,  (t72 
2 II.  SOS 
21(1,  is  1 
ls2,(li:5 
I,-.S.I12 
i;!:i,2i(t 

Mt:i.22!l 

l(l(l,s.52 

!)(i.s:!ii 

S7.!ts:! 

s7,i(i;! 
,v,-),.")(i:i 

S.->.2IS 
si, 0(17 
71,121 
7:i,:v.Mi 

(;!t.s()2 

(17,71  s 

(i."».SS| 

(11,111 

.")S.4  1S 
.17,^72 

r)i,(is4 

.>0,482 

:«;(i.')l,s!t7 

liollic     

;\i'\\  York    

72l.i;!(« 

.Etiiii 

Haflford.                

(;s7.'.ii!» 

tfiirtford 

iHartt'ord 

4!M1.I2I 

Koi-klnlil     

rifKJiM'.'^           

Hockfonl,  Til 

Chicati'o 

2l.-),:)27 
1(11,  lX(i 

IMi'i'iii.N 

IHartt'ord 

l.'i(i,(i.-)S 

III.'^.  Co.  of  Noitil    .\lll. 

■riiiladclpliia ,_. 

l>rookl\ii            

:i(i7,(i:vi 

.••.2S,'.I4S 

h'ii I'  .\s^ociatioii 

I'hiiadclpliia 

2:(."..l)22 

AiiTicnliiiriil. 

Li\iM'|i(Mi|.    I.olKJoll    illH 
(rlnl)l' 

iWaii'itown,  N.  Y 

1 
Lixi'i  |)o(i|    ''     

102.414 
2211, (i8(> 

Coiitiiiciiliil 

(iiraid 

(Ici'inaii  Aiiiericiui.  .  .  . 
\    W.  Nalioiiiil 

New  York 

.'Pliiladcl|ihiu 

New  York 

!Mil\vaukt'<> 

127,()2;{ 
I. '>(»,. ■■)7fi 
244, S70 
174, 1 1 1 

( Icriiiiiii           .       .... 

i'riM'pori,  III 

i:?!i,(i(ii 

IJoval 

Li\  t'r])ool 

27(1. 7S.") 

Vinci'icaii   Ci'iitral 

St .  I,()uis     

1SS.,-)S!I 

Spriiiiilii'M  1''.  iV   ^r. 

l{o\al  Caiiailiaii 

Ij\  coiiiiiii'' 

Spriiiulirld,  Mass 

iMoiitrral 

|Miiiii'i(',  Pa 

;\(nv  York 

177,7(1(1 
7:{,l2(i 
1  IS.  200 
M4,0'.»:< 

N   B   ami  MiMvantiJc 

London 

20!l.2i;t 

Lumber,   Doors,    Sash,    Mouldiiio',   and 

(lENEBAL  OFFICE.  LACROSSE,  WIS. 


Paper, 


HliAM  H 

YAVtns  : 

HuHhford, 

Minn. 

I'otoi-Kon, 

Minn. 

r<iun'Kli()r(i, 

Minn. 

.MIxTt  lica. 

IlUHOUVS. 

l''i>\nif,iiin. 

*' 

WvkotT, 

' ' 

Sprinw  \  iillcy 

Ucxtir, 

.VMcn, 

" 

Urlavan, 

'' 

Miiiilcton, 

(lOodThuiidei 

,        ' ' 

Brownsville, 

" 

New.Xllfion. 

lowii. 

IiimHiu^', 

Minn. 


Iowa, 


Warner  House, 


THIS  FAVOHITK  HOCHK,  fioiitiiit;  on  ('om-t 
I'lirk,  on  whioli  is  lociitcd  the  (•uliOinitt'd  Alincral 
Spring,', -wi  til  iK^t'oiiiiiioiliitioiis  for  one  Iniiulrt'd 
and  tifty  quests,  lias  liccii  Iciiscd  for  a  term  of 
yoarH.  by  tlic  pi-csciit  iiroiirictors,  anil  rc^-dttcd 
and  ni!wly  furnisln'il. 

Tlio  lioiiHc  is  o)Mii  siiiuiiicr  and  wintiT,  for 
Iil(MiHnr(!  si'ukt'rs  and  invaliils.  an  well  as  llic  f,'t.'n- 
cral  j)uldii'.  It  is  well  i-iilcidMtcil  to  suit  tlici  coni- 
fort  and  (•onv<'ni(iii-('  of  invalids  iind  fiiniilics, 
havinn  11.5  rooms,  10  of  \vhi<'h  arc  oi  xiiiti'  iind  on 
the  f^roiind  floor.  'I'lic  season  iirojiir  will  opi'ii  the 
ftrst  of  .Iun(!  imd  close  the  lirst  ol  Sc|)tcnil)er. 

HOIJtKOOK  &NK  IKM.S,  iVopis. 

\V.  Stevenson  .Johnson.  J.  B.  Uribler. 

.JOHNSON  it  CnUBLEB, 

AITORNEYS  AT  LAW, 

()()  li.  WashiiiL;1()n  Street. 


Offices,  17,  Ih  and  111, 


aT3:ic:.c\.a-o. 


HON.  KMEliY  A.  STOUUS,  of  Cciin.trl. 


— CorreHiiondenee    in  all    Foreign    l.annuagCM.— 
Traetiee  in  all  the  Courts. 


Four  p»|;eB  Colored  Flat«8.    A  whole  Library  in  itself- 
Invaluabl:  in  any  family,  and  in  any  school. 

3.000  Engravings ;  1840  Pages  Quarto. 
N  alio  Hill     rirtiiriHl     I)  i  r  I  i  on  a  ry  , 

1040  Pages  Octavio.  60O  Engravings. 
Tlie  sale  is  VJO  tinK^s  as  t,'reat  as  the  saliuifaiiy 
other  lart,'c  Dictionery.  Contains  one-fifth  more 
matter  than  any  other  large  Dictionery.  More 
than  :i(l,(Hh)  copies  have  l)e(ai  placed  in  the  imhlic 
schools  of  the  Cnited  States. 

Kecominended  hyState  Superintendents  of  Schools 
ill :).")  rlilt'ereiit  States.  Contains.V(W«(  llliistratioiiK, 
nearly  :i  times  as  many  as  any  other  Dictionary. 

Published  by  0.  &  C.  MERRIAM,  Springfield,  Mass. 

KSTAHI.ISHEU  18,T2. 


MONS    ANDERSON, 

Importer  and  Jobber  of 

Notions,  ('!<» tiling-, 
Woolens,  VXv. 


iLi-A.  ci^ossE,  "^^ris. 


rv\ 


PEE  MONT  HOUSE, 

oia:iOA.C3-o. 


THE   PALACE   HOTEL. 


COR.    LAKE    AND    DEARBORN    STREETS. 


.1  MKim  \\  A'    .1 A7 )    K  UR(  )PKA  X    PL  A  XS. 


AN    ELEGANT    RESTAURANT   ATTACHED   TO   THE    HOUSE. 


/'(•/o'.s    In, re    Jwni    mJiirnJ    to   $H.OO    PKU    hAY    FOR    ALL    ROOMS 
(Outre  tlic  jKirlor  jiaor,  v.rcc})!  front  rooiii^  diiil  I'ooiih'i  irifli  hatlts. 

Rooiiis  OH  flic  Liirojx'dii  jtlmi  <if  SLOO  to  $2.60  per  ihti/. 

'ilie  <(])])o'nifnu'itts  oj'  the    I'REMOXT  are   not   siirp(i><><e(l  hi/   (diij   Hotel 
in  the  roinitrif. 

JEWETT  WILCOX,  JAMES  COUCH, 


M.VXACiKli. 


i>ru)i'KiKT(>i;. 


•heap  as  U 


n-'^je 


BOAT     FOLDED. 


IW'^  ^ii/:c  p!cdr:::\'  :::  calling yc:r/ 
ij//<',':.';c';;  lo  o:ir  Spcr':::^';,  I'\ilili::>; 
^  \i::-a.-  Ocal,  "AUDUBON''  (^7/'- 
cr.l  applied  fcr),  as  slwwn  l>y  above 
cut. 

\Vc  clai:::  it  is  llic  btsl  oaal  for  tlw 
pir/poso  irJoiidod  coor  ^iporod,  ih'ing 
slro::^:;.  d::rabu\  /:,•,•///  and  i\isily 
Irans^'ortod.     Ilea::  Ih' easily  ''oldod 


CLl 


lod  without  any  tools, 


•;;;.'  '^/  v  ■;■,■';//.' 


7,       :  h 


'i^lLU        tin         Uil,.t.Uj,     C./.l/      /'tU/vtt 


T.",r   ,'1/7 


ckod 


'iU  (    I' 


din- 


t  (.     ;  I  I   i     L  il    i  (■ 


ni:ti 


did  and  Pi'loon.  in 


('C'4 


i!   t 


7  V 


a  (  til 


ClU 


cot  Lomi 


1 '  ''».•/» 


(.  /.  (  ..  'aW  t 


ale  a: 


.1  I  .Ul  >  1 


t.   /■.(  (1  ,  'a' 


/(•  t7;jt/  1\ooI'7'l'  i, 

ds. 


ii'S'  t>o:ion:  ooa'^ 


'an 


'I 


lU  K 


P ,  '  J  ,  r  ;  I       1 


',   ,  -  ' 


''   >  >  ' 


('::.,  t?; 


d 


capacilv  lo    safoiv  carry    flivt 


'n. 


t» 


uis  i> 


ing  this  (h'at  our  object 


een  to  'ret 


I  >  i  .>  t 


icii  a  man---' 


■}tiiat,  ■a'hil 


e  'iCe  sacra/ice  not  fun 


th 


'lit 


y  o 


I 


h  ,i?'fv 


I'.i 


(i.'(  ,1,1 


ke  it 


'  t>e  loii. 


;:   //;<■  reacr.  or 


ar.y   o 


'onteniplatim:  a 


nni 


nier  ion. 


It  can  1)1'  pacla'd  in  an  Dnlinarv  sizinl  trunk 


PRICE,  of  a  12-Foot  Boat,  as  described, 


a  1 1 


It  II 


with  Oar  Looks, 


Folding  Paddle,  as  per  cut. 


$20.00  each 

25.00  each. 

1.00  each. 


We  solicit  corresponder.ee  from  ar.y  on.e   desirir.g  fttrther 
particulars  or  information  as  to  larger  sirred  or  decked  over 

boat.  vr.  W.  BARCUS  &  CO.  Sole  Manufacturers, 

282  SOUTH  WATER  STREET,  CHICAGO. 


$35. 


Zuife  Scliolars]aip. 


$35. 


Tlic  piililic  will  iKttifc  tli<'  (liflVrcnct'  hctwcM'ii  ii  Sf/iohifHliip  and  a  />//>'  SrholnrMhii). 
TIh'  lii'st  riititlt's  you  logo  to  school  until  i/aii  hurc  finished  thr  coin'Hr  of  nhitlji  in  Ihiil 
rnllcijc.  If  you  cvt'i'  want  to  p)  hack  and  rcvciw,  you  inuKt  j)ay  cxira  for  it.  TIk'sc 
scliolarsliips  say  time  intliDiilctI — wliicii  means  that  yon  ^o  to  and  from  the  college  as 
many  times  as  yon  sec  fit  and  pay  yonr  raili'oad  fare,  l»ut  when  you  have  conipleted  the 
conrsc  yon  are  ihnir.  Xow  a  Lifr  Schohirnhip  entitles  you  togoto  school  as  lonjr  as  yon 
sec  Ml  and  at  an\'  time  yon  ciioose.  eilhei'  aftci'  having;  llnished  tlH>  coiu"s<'.  to  review.  oi' 
at  anv  other  liirie. 

SCHEDTliE    OF   TF-ltMS,    KTC. 

Lilinirii  Dciiitiiiiicnt. — l{t>adiriir.  Sp<'lliiiii:,  (iranunar,  Hi.story,  (leojfraphy  and 
Ai  ithnietic. 

Cittinini-ciiil  fhiKiitiiiciil. — liook-keei)in^,  by  sinirle  and  doultic  entry,  reninanshij), 
Comnu'rcial  LaAV,  Jinsiness  ('orres|)onden<'e.  and  Unsiness  Pi'actice. 


LlTKHAKY   DkI'.VKTIMKNT. 

IDMI.V    ICIX  ITA'IION.I 

I  month SKI. ltd 

■>  montl^- I,'). (Ml 

.'!  montlis 2(1, (HI 

I  months 2,'). (HI 

('(IMMEUri AT.  DF.PAIM'MENT. 

(DAIT.Y    HKCITATION.I 

1  inoidli !^12..')(» 

2  months $2(l.(l(l 

:i  montlis 2."). (Ml 

(iife  Sciiolarship :\').W\ 

liooks.  lilaid<s.   Stationery.   Ac  from  S'(> 
to  SS. 

Tliis  I'dllc^'c  liolils  hdtli  Wis.  and  ;\Iiuii.  Stiitc  DijilouiiiK  for  licst  system  of  h<)ok-ki!ej)iii(/  unit  himiiiiss 
I'i'dfticr. 

'/■         T  ■'t''      '  r    T       .f'7''        //> 


TEIiEdUAPH     DeI'AUTMENT. 

{VtKS  SCHOOI,.) 

:!  months   $2."). (Id 

(I  months 4(1.(1(1 

(KVKNINU  SCHOOI-.) 

:!  months $2(1.00 

(1  n ths.  .  .  : ;io.(i(( 

Life  scholarshij)  entitles  th(>  holders  to 
instrnctionsin  all  hranchcs  tanjirht  in  Com- 
mercial and  Literary  l^epartmerds.  Stu- 
dents holdiuir  Lif(>  Scholai'ships  in  Com- 
mercial l)e|)artmeid  will  be  cntitliMl  to  si.\ 
months  instruction  in  Tele<rraph  Depart- 
ment, u])on  payment  of  %'M.  Good  hoai'd 
from  #.'{.(1(1  to  !|!.'i..')0  per  week,  or  in  chdis 
fiom  asi.T.')  to  $2.2."). 


C 

w 
w 


MANrFA<TUUEKS  OF 

r HE    MINNEAPOLIS 

DOrULi:   BLAST  MlDDLlNCiS    PI  RIFIKH. 

J)KSlCiNEI)  I'OK  HOTH  H.VUl)  AM)  SOFT  WHEAT  MIDDMNOS 


InI.  Tlic  iiri))ri>vi'iiii'iit,s  consist  of  nu  I'XDJ'Ui  liLAST  FAS,  loon  ted  at  the  licml  of  nmcliiiic,  divcct- 
1\  iiuilcr  till'  sliiiUcr  friune.  mid  (irovidi'd  witli  air  clianilx'rs  (^xtcndiiitj  aloiij;  sides  (jfiiiai'hiiic,  tln'onf,'li 
winili  the  lilusts  is  (•oiidneted  till  it  enters  t]uMiiacliine  by  oi)piuiit,'s  on  either  side,  and  is  ret,'ulat.Kl  by 
vul\(^s  so  that  the  liUistniay  b"  apii'ied  strongest  at  tieador  tail  of  cloth  as  may  be  necessary.  By  adniit- 
lili!,'  the  blast  in  tliis  way,  the  tine  uiiddlin).'s  are  not  carried  over  into  tlie  coarse  middlings  or  returns, 
which  has  been  the  fault  with  all  iiiider-blast  nuKthiiK  s  as  heretofore  constructed. 

'id.  -  The  blast,  after  entecint.'  (he  nui(  hine,  in  numnerdeseribed,  is  forced  nii  through  anioveable  end- 
liss  apron,  construi'ted  of  zinc,  or  otlii  r  suitable  nniterial,  in  sn<^h  manner  as  to  create  sliarii  cnrri'iits  of 
iiir.  a  distanci,'  of  two  inches  aiiart,  extending  latterly  up  through  the  clotli. 

:)d.  The  apron  i;;  niouni.ed  on  drums  or  band  wjiecls,  and  is  ilriviiiby  a  baud  from  a  pulley  on  fan 
shall,  wluih  rotates  said  dru'iisor  baml  wheels,  and  carries  the  top  side  oi"  a)  iron  alternately  from  lu^ad 
loUiilof  machine,  whiletluMur  iiasses  uji  througli  in  sharp  .i"ts,  andsw(!e])s  the  light  material  over  tail 
rlotli.  or  iscanied  away  to  tlRMlustroom  l»yth<!  upjier  fan  wliidi  is  located  directly  over  tlieelotli,  and  is 
-uiiplii'd  with  suita  bit' tubes,  \iilves,  etc..  ifortlie  regulation  of  the  air. 

Ith.  ihesharp  jets  of  air.  ]iassingu)ithrough  and  moving  from  head  to  tail  of  clotli,  keep  the  meshes 
1  ipen.  a  nd  eiialiU'  this  machine  to  operate  on  very  soft  middlings  and  such  as  could  not  be  made  to  flow  over 
tliecloth  of  ordinary  machines. 

!)imi:nsions.  Length,  H  feet.  11)  inchcH  ;  width,  4  feet,  •!  inelies  ;  height,  .'j  feet,  Hinches  ;  diiimeterof 
driving  ))iilley,  ."i  iiichi^s  ;  face,  I  inches  ;  motion,  TDD  revolntioiiM  per  minute, 

|{j;ii;ki:nci;s,  ('.  A.  I'illsbiiry  iV  Ci,,  Minneiijiolis,  Minn.;  Keys  Bros.,  Frontenac,  Minn.:  Fnion 
Mill  Co..  Detroit,  ^fieli. ;  Champion  Mill  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich.;  W.  F.  Cahill  &  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


AddreHH, 


V.  ().  Hox  .")'.l(),  Mimieiipolis,  Minn. 


Send  for  Deacripfive  Li*t  and  Price  Circular. 


Wit 

the 

wat 
ke|) 


H. 


in'ct- 

,h1  by 
(liiiit- 
unis. 


II  full 

L  liciul 

i'Y  tiiil 

1111(1  is 

slics 
\v  OVI'V 

t'ti^rof 

I'liion 
Minn. 


LAKE  SIDE  COTTAGES, 

WISCONSIN, 

I».  <).   Ilaitlaiid,  ...  W:iiik<  sli:i  Co.,  Wis 

Siinmii'i-  Hotel  Inciilcd  mi  Nmtli  Slimt'  rcwaiikfi'  LnUi',  22  iiiilfs  wrsl  ul'  Milwjiiikt'o 
S|i|(Miiliil  Moiitinir  iiml  rishinir  iirconiiiiudatiniis  for  one  Immlrcd  irncsts. 

CRAWFORD    ACADEMY, 

(KAWroun,   <*<M)K    CO.,  ILL. 

IFrirLCipal,    -A-.   ILjE3Sr3>TOISr,    1^.  -^. 

Aiilhor  ul'  •■Alisli'jicts   of  Latin   I'aisinij'  ami  Aiiahsis,"   Lciinon's  •■School  I'roijfvammt'.' 

Hi:i''i'.ur.N(  Ks. — I.  V.  Stuait.  Asst  Siijit.  Am.  Ex.:  M.  L.  Coinstock,  I'rol'.  Math..  Knox 
Colifuc  E.  S.  .Mlii'o.  IJoaid  of  Tiadr.  Chicaiio;  M.  |).  Ui-oadwav.  -loliii  Crawt'o/d.  D.  S. 
Waldcii.  ir.  M.  Tvl.T.  AiiilKTst  Coll. 'ire  Mass. 


W.   8.   JOHNSON. 

Attorney  at  Law,  99  Wasliington  St. 


NEWTON    BATEMAN. 

Ex-Su}terintendent  Public  Instruetion, 


Ni:WHAI. 


ri(  )r:sK  *^^^^» 


MILWATKEE.    WIS. 


T.   :r.  -(f^2:T'3?ISIDEZLi,   IFrcpr. 


Tlic    Coolest     SiiMiiiK'r   l{('soi-|    in    llic    T'.    S. 


PAKK     HOTEL, 

ST.  JOSEPH,  MICH. 

TO  THE  TRAVELING  PUBLIC.' 

St.  .Toseph,  Micif..  ^lay  s,  'yx. 

Haviiiir  assui I  pfopiictorsliip  of  tlu'  l»sirk  Hotol,  at  this  ])lac<',  and  f'litiiishcd  it 

with  cvi'i'vtliin^^  that  modern  .skill  alTofds.  1  am  now  pi-t'iiarcci  tocntcrlain  my  tVicnds  jind 
the  pidilic  irenci'ally.  in  (he  mnsi:  co  nfortalile  and  homelik<'  hotel  in  the  State. 

Fine  and  laip"  sample  rooms  for  Conimei'cial  Tiavelers  on  lirsl,  Moor.  Hot  and  cold 
water  baths,  Iteaiitit'nl  irrounds.  located  in  the  business  j)ort ion  of  the  town,  and  will  be 
keitt  as  a  (irst-class  hotel. 

SAM.  H.  BROWN,  Proprietor. 


TIEiE 


National  Life  Ins.  Co.,  U.  S.  of  A. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 
(IIARTEHEI)  ^^^^    __  BY('()N(iRKSS 


CISH  ClPITtL,    - 
Issets,  Jan.  1st,  1878, 
Surplus, 


II     II 


$1,000,000,00 

$4,023,362,94 

-  $1,300,814,83. 


ALL  THIH  HUKVLUS  IS  SECUUITY  ADniTIONAl.  TO  THE  HESEHVE,  WHICH  IS  CAIiCULATED 

ON  A  (i  I'EU  CENT  HAHIS. 

HATIO  Oh  ASSKTS  TO  LIAHUATIKS  148  PER  CENT. 

THE  J.AlUiEST  CAPITAL  OF  ANY  LIKE  TNSUKANCE   COMPANY  IN   THE   WOULD. 

PEUFE("T     SECURITY.  LOW     KATES     OF     PKEMIl'MS.  DEFINITE      CONTRACTS. 

EMERSON    W.   PEET,   Fit'sideiit   and   Actuary 

J.  ALDElt  KLLIS,    Vxr   I'l-vniiUnl.  -lOHS  M.    HUTLEH,   Strnfuri/. 

SAMTTKL  M.   XK'KKFiSOX,   Chniniiuii  Finiinn' oikI  K.rrrutin'  Commith'r. 

ECONOMICAL,  CLEANLY  AND  LABOR  SAYING. 


Photograph  from  File  in  use  containing  over  800  Letters. 


Perfect   Self-Indexing    and    Self-Binding 

LETTER   AND   PAPER   FILE. 

Tho  only  Pcifcct  Ijettur  File  ever  iiiventud.  It  is  so  eoiistructed  that  lotters  and  otlior  papers  Jiiiiy  be 
instantanvounly  indexed  and  hou"'"  ivitliiiiit  tlu!  use  of  niuoila(,'e,  paste,  hooks,  wires,  needles,  or  any 
of  the  ordinrry  ciinibersonie  nieliiods.  lietters  are  not  torn  or  otherwise  mutilated,  and  can  be  removed 
and  replaced  iiistatitli/  at  pleasure;  they  are  securely  enclosed  in  ii cleaidji,  convenient  form  for  instan- 
taneous reference  Postal  cards  and  letters  ot  all  sizes  and  shapes  can  be  filed  together  with  equal  facility, 
and  in  such  a  manner  that  they  can  be  i-eferre<l  to, /yijkV?/;/ removed,  and  replaced  without  delay,  trouble 
or  unitilation. 

ManufactuHMl  by 

CULVER,  PAGE,  HOYNE  &.  CO., 

lS«IA.3SrXJF>VCTXJR,irTa-    STA-XIOlSrERS, 
Semi  for  Price  List.  118  &  15J0  MONKOK  STRKKT,  CHICAGO. 


RAILWAY  HOUSE,   DodoT    HollSC, 


rKAiitiK  i>r  ruiKN,  wis. 


(i.   A.    nilAKi:,    I'rnprirtnr. 


I'T'STCLASS    IN    A|,[,  ITS    Al'l'OINTMKNTS.        Ki-fc    Hns.    iiiid    (io,Ml    Siiiniil.'    Kooiiis    uptown. 


.1'/    'riiiiiis  sl<ii>  hiirfdi'    Mciils 


C.    L.    (^OLM.VN, 


<ii.Ni;!(\i.  (ir  ri(  i:  wn  mii.i.h, 


Ij-A.  CE^OSSE,     ■'^TT-IS. 


II1!AN(H    YAliUS   AT 

Hokiili,   Kusliford,  Wlmliin,   I.iiiu'sliori),   I'lcstoii 

Fountain,    Hiiriiiu     Viilli'v,     (ti'iiml    MciiildW. 

Albert     Iii'ii.     Allien,     VVells,     Minnesotii 

fiiike,  Kiistoii,  Delavini,  A  Winmlm^jii. 


At   till   .liiiiftiiiii  iif  till'  ('.  ^[.  i(    .S7.  ;•.  mill   H'tK. 
i'llllll/    Itllilllllllla. 


Chapman  House, 

I'l'l'i:!!    I.AKK   MlNNK'iONKA,  M  I  NNKHoTA  . 


Thin  NKW   HO'l'Kli  is  now  reiidy  duKnests.     Lo- 

ciiteil  lit  tine  of  tlie  most  |)ii-tiireM|iie  ]i()intH 

on   tliis    I'ciiutifiil    liiUe. 

Tlie  new  mill   liiuulsunie   I'lissen^jer  Hteiinier  will 

I'nn    ifj^uliuly    to    this    house,    from 

Wayziitii  luiil  Kxeelsior, 

(.'«(i(/     I'islihifj,     (toiid    JUiiit.s.    Jliiit    mill    'I'ncklc 
itliruj/H    nil    limiil. 

S.    A.   CHAPMAN.    PiiMpr;  i  ktor. 


Nagawicka Cottage,  National    Hotel, 


<iK<».   It.  .\l  OLKY,   rni|iri«-liii-. 


Fiuhing  and  Hunting  I'lirtlcis  will  find  this  a  Con- 
venient HouBe  to  i)Ut  nil  at. 


'Z'^:tz2^z!S  la e ^i-soiT^^33i-E:. 


HoatH,  Bait  and  Kisliing  Tackle  always  on  haml. 


Fn-r  I}iiK  to  mill  friini  tlie  'I'm ins 


Ts^cEnsr.A.sta:.A.,  "Wis. 


H.   TURNER,    Profhiktoh. 


Opi-n  nil  till'  ijiar.     l'iiiv>it  Fiahiim  in    H'incunnin. 
'Viihh'  iiiir.rcrlli'il.     Tfriiis  rfiiHonithlc. 


ay  be 
any 
•noved 
istau- 
;ility, 
i-uiiMc 


Robbins  House, 


ILA.  CPtOSSE,    ^W^IS, 


J.   G.    ROBBINS.    puoi'uiKTou. 


Oakton  Springs  Hotel, 

T'E'W-A.TJKIEE,  "W-IS. 

Waukesha  Co. 


Mauhiok  W.  Fdwleu,  Clerk. 


Ijoeated  !'.•  miles  from  Milwankee,  on  the  (.!.  M.  it 

St.    I'luil    Kuilwav.    and    fiinr    hours 

lide   from  Chit:iit,'o. 

Board  by  the  week.  SIO  to  Sl2,  By  the  Day,  $2. 

The  management  will  eudea\(ir  to  keep  up  the 
reputation  of  its  cuisine,  whii'h  it  has  heretofore 
obtained,  and  will  Kl)are  no  etTorts  in  <'ateriiiH  to 
the  wants  and  comforts  of  its  ),'uests.  The  Steam- 
er "I>ady  of  the  Lake,"  will  nuike  two  ret^nlar  trips 
from  tile  hotel  daily.  'I'hi^  celelirated  Oakton 
Sjiriiiys  Water  used  for  all  culinary  purposes, 
and  on  draught  fin*  the  use  of  quests. 

.1.  1'.  VKDUEU,  Manager. 


Established  1874. 


Incorporated  1878. 


H.  C.  TIFFANY  k  CO. 

Printers,  Publishers  &  ^tationers 


OFFICE  STATIONERY, 


Nos.  151  &    l[)o  FIFTH  AVENUE. 


Qhicago.  Jll. 


!tain§tt|B  a 


^' 


^h 


j4^ 


r!ttttn§H.fpW!alt| 


i;vi:k\   iaciiiin'  kok  riii:  I'RoDrcTioN  ok 


FIRST-CLASS    WORK. 


HstimaLcs  furnished  on  any  class  of  Printing,  Blanks  or   Books. 


The  piL'ss-woik  on  the  Goi-U-EN  Northwest  was  done  by  our  House. 


ii^i^o^viri* 


Chicago  to  Benton  Ilaiiior,  Mich. 

'I'lic  (••('iiiic  c.r  ilii'  I'racli  mill  Apidi'  t  »i  chiinl-  Tli.'  I'u|iiiliir  ;iimI  h'a^l  I'lissfiiiriT 
Sli'iiiiiiT  !VI<«MM«'liyrr,  will  run  im-i  imiiirnt'lv .  li;i\  inu  .mi  hmk  I'nui  ..l  Wiilm-li  Avi'iiiir, 
I'M'iy  iiinriiiii)/ lit  Id  o'clock.  Siiluii|ii>s  niiil  Siiiiilii\-<  c\cc|jlc(|;  on  Snlunliiys  will  Icinc 
III  ll:;!(i|'.  M.  Hctiiniinjr  will  lc)i\c  Hcnioii  Miiilior  c\cr.\  cvciiiiit;' nt  '.'o'clock.  Sjiiiiiilii> 
excepted.  This  is  till'  ticst  li\c  hoiii's  trip  iicross  ihc  liikc.  il  i-ivi-.  p.iilic~  I'loiii  Cliicfiuo 
Mil  itt'tcriMMiii  lit  Ifciiloii  iltii'lioi'.  mill  til'Ici'  II  L'lioil  iilirlii's  >|ccp.  n.icli  Cliiciiuo  in  tlic 
nioi-iiinn:.  Fmc,  licitli  iiiclmlcd.  ><•.'. (hi  |',,|  iIic  lounil  I  lip,  or  ?^I..'.ii  cii.Ii  wiiy.  l-'niiihls 
iln  Inir  ilH  lij/  iitijl  olhir  liin  . 

l,??^"riitil   .riiiii'    Isl   ciicli   srii'-oii.   Hic    .MKSSKNdHl!    will   iniik l\    iliivi'  trip.-   n 

week.  Lciiviiiii'  Cliiciiuo  'riic-iliivs,  'I'limMliivs  aiiil  Siitiiiiliiv  c\ciiiiii;s  al  I  I -.."ill:  miil 
lli'iiloii  lliii'lior,  Moiiiliiy.  Wciliicsilay  mill  l''iiila\- c\  ciiiiius  al  '.locjock. 

Frt'igiil  iilso  cmricil  l.y  this  line  I'or  ilau:ei,  liiseisiile.  Colona.  W  alei\  lid .  Ilarllonl. 
Kmip"".  nn'e(is\ille.  ( irmiil  .liiiicijon.  Milllmiuii.  i'ipi— lone.  I'.an  (  laiic  lieriieii  Cenlie. 
Shan^luii. 

Wi'  (ilst»  ill)  It  jrenci'al  ilockatre  ami  ■^tora.'.e  liii.sinc--.  al  lea-^onaMe  rales.  The  lollow  - 
iiiy  rKopi'lliMs  run  t'roiii  ourl)ock:  15.  C.  Iiriltain.  I'oi  Saiii.';it  iirk.  ami  I  )oiiL;la- 'I'raijer 
i'oi-  I'entwiiter;  Snook  lor  Whiieh.ill  ami  Monlaijiie. 


('.  \.  VVTIJ.TAM8, 


IV  H.   I'K.VSK 


$2,00,  $2.50,  $3.00  ^EI^  IDuf^-S^. 


MANSION  HOUSt:, 


WAUKESHA,   WIS. 


ks. 


C  E  3Sr  T  R, -A.  IL.  X. -^     LOC.A.T'EID. 


WILLIAMS  &   PEASE,  Proprietors. 


Grand  Trunk 

RAILWAY 

Tlu' Shuitrs!  ami  Mi»t  Diivcr  Koutr  Hrlwrrii  all  ToiiiN 


EAST  AND  WEST 


MONTREAL 


KINdSTON. 
TOIiONTO. 


NEW  VOltK, 
J^OSTON, 


LOXDON. 


S\I!MA. 
J)KTIU)IT, 


i'.issi:s<ii:i{s  fou  all  roisrs  /.v 

MI^Hh^JJ^,    M'ASW.WS^OV,  MIJ^J^IiSi'TJ,  ILLIMOIS, 
IJ^^JiIJ^.-:.  MISSCU'ltl,  KJJ^SJS,  J^E'H'h^^lSKJ 


ANJ)    THIS 


i=^ai]pia    CO-A.ST, 


117/./,  /7-V/>  THIH  THE 


MOST  PLEASANT  AND  DIRECT  ROUTE. 


LESS  CIIASdES  TIIAX  BY  AW  OTIIKH  UOVTE. 

CHECK  ED  Tiiuonni. 


llA<iC,AC,E 


First -Class  Refreshment  Rooms, 

Oil  tliis  HOU'l'K  where'  iiiiii)lt'  tiiiw  '» ill  ''(■  iillowoil  for  Mi'ilIh 

SMOKING  CARS  ATTACHED  TO  ALL  TRAINS- 


CLOSE    CONNECTIONS 


(irk  Central  KailroadB  lor  lor  Now 
11(1  WashiiiBton. 


A    r-p  T-^  T  T  17  E^   A    T    (^\  ^^"^'^  ^'^"'  '^'"^  ^^"^  ^ 

l\    i  LJ   U    i      r    rV  Li  vJ  York.  PliiliKlelphia  an 

A     f-p  T~\  T7"T~'  T~)   /^  T  '~p  with  Arichinan  (leiitrul  and  Detroit  and  5 

£\   V  LJ  hj  I   r\\J  1    1  roadH,  and 

At  Chicago 


Milwaukee  Bail- 


witb  all  railroads  leaving  that  City. 


TI^E 


IS, 


-  y 


(iK 


\ 


•  New 


1  Kail- 


Chicago, 
Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul 


RAILWAY. 


I'ravt'rsfs  ii  Mikt  I'oiintfv,  |iii.-<s4'>  tliioiiii'li  iiioio  iiiipMi'liinl  iMLsiiit'sscitifs  and  jilt'iisun' 
rcsmts.  jiml  alTunls  views  n|'  IImim'  hihI  uiaiidtM-  sci-iniy  lluiii  aiiv  oIIhm'  N'nr'lliwt'slci'ii  lint"; 
liuviii^' Ivvii  llii'i)iiu:li  liiK's  t'l'uin  ('liira:j«i  lo  Si.  I'aiil  ami   Miiirii-ti|Hilis, 

ll  iiiiiw  llir laih' c.xuri'ss  t  ruins,   in   i-adi  (liri'rtinii.    ImMwicii   Cliica^n,  SI.  I'aiil  and 

Miniii'ai»(ilis.  Two  of  wliicii  an- ilnonLrli  liains,  willi  paiiicc  coaclics,  sjecpinj.' cars  and 
nicely  ui>iiolstcr('d  sfcond  class  ciir.-.  'I'licsc  titiins  nni  \ia  .Milwankcc,  Ocononaiwou, 
Walcrlown.  I'ortairc,  Killmuin  City,  'roniidi,  Sjiarta.  liaCros.sc,  Winona.  ^Minnciska,  Wu- 
liaslia,  Hcail's  Landinu,  Lake  Cily.  Itcd  Wmtr,  Hastings.  SI.  I'anl.  l''orl  Sncllinj;,  aiul 
Minncliaha  Falls-  to  Minneapolis. 

One  train  willi  Ihroujrh  coaches  and  second  class  cni's  Itetween  Milwaukee,  SI.  Paul  and 
Miiniea|)olis,  and  s|ee|)in|i' cars  lieiween  ('lii<'at:'o  and  Mcdreiroi'. 

This  train  passes  thi'oneh  Milwaukee.  Waukesha,  l'alni>ia.  Wliitewalcr,  Madison, 
Prairie  du  Chien.  Mcdreuoi'.  Cre^co,  .\ustin.  Kainsey.  Owatoniia,  Fariliaull,  NoilhllchI, 
Farniinjjfton,  and  to  SI.  I'aul  \ia  St.  I'aul  .lunclion,  an<t  .Mi!uieap(tls  \  ia  l'"ort  Sni'lliiiji^  aiul 
Minncliaha  Falls. 

There  are  t'oure.xpress  trains  lieiween  Chica^'o  anil  Milwaukee;  iwo  lielwecn  .\shland, 
Stevens  Point,  Menasha  and  (ireeii  Hay,  Oshkosh,  Hipon,  Merlin,  and  Winnecoiuie — 
]>ea\er  Dam,  Fo.\  Lake,  Horicon;  twolietween  Milwaukee  and  I'rairie  du  Cliien;  two  bot- 
ween  Milwaukee  and  .Janesville;  one  lietween  Milwaukee  and  Monroe;  and  Ihi'ee  hc'tweon 
Milwaukee  and  Madison. 

Above  trains  dailv  each  wiiv  (exi-ejit  S\inda\s). 

The  thr<aif.'h  line   Im.Iw i  Clucajro  and  St'.  Paul  is  of  HI'JST  STKKL  liMLn\n\  all 

trains  ai'e  furnislied  with  Westiiiirhouse  Iniiunvd  .\uloniatic  .\ir  Pi'ake,  Millers'  Platform 
and  Coupler;  and  all  oIIkm'  inoilern  iniprovenients,  for  safety,  comfort,  and  luxury. 

II  is  the  only  North  western  Line  connect  iuir  in  same  depot  in  Cliicairo  willi  any  Eastern 
()!•  Southern  Line;  and  itsde|)ot  there  is  tlie  most  convenienlly  located  with  referenc^e  to 
the  hotels  and  business  portions  of  the  city,  and  such  is  the  case,  at  Milwauke,  St.  Paul 
and  Minneapolis. 

Boston  Okfick— 22h  Washinji:ton  street.     E.  Ii.  Jiill,  .\ireni. 
Nkw  Yoj{K  Ofi'ick — .'{ti;?  Hroadway.     I.  A.  Snuth,  (leneral  Eastern  Ae-ent. 
('HicAdO— Passeufjrer  Depot,  cornel'  Canal  and  West   Madison  Streets;  Freif::lit  l^epots, 
«;onier  Union  and  Carroll  streets.     City  ()(lic(>s.  (il  and  (;:'.  Chwk  street,   T.  ¥j.  Chand- 
lor,  Pas.seiitrer  .Virent;  C.  I{.  Cai)ron,  Freiirhl   Ajreni. 
MiLWAi'lvKE  -Depot  Corner  lieed  and  South  Water  street,  City  OlTice,  |(i(i  East  Water, 

<H)ni<'r  Wisconsin  street.     A,  M.  Iiiii'ersoll,  'I'ickel  A^'ciit. 
MiNNKAPoTiis — Ticket  OtTice  at  the  New  Passenjrer  Depot,  corner  Washinj^'ton  and  Third 
avenues,  Soulh,  ami  No.  !•  Nicollet  House.      (i.  L,  Scott,  Ticket  Agent;  C.  H.  Hathe- 
way,  Freight  Agent 
St.  Paul  Depot — Corner  Jackson  .street  and  Levee.      City  ()flic(!s,  IIS  East  Third  st. 
I'or,  -Tiu'kijon  st.  J,  A.  Chandlor,  (Tonerul  Agent;  Chas.  Tliomp.son,  Ticket  Agent, 

A.  V.  II.  CAnPKNTER, 

General  Passeiif/er  and  Ticket  Ayeut. 


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